The Coronavirus pandemic had a significant effect on teachers when traditional face-to-face classroom instruction abruptly shifted online in the spring of 2020. It also provided educators the unique ...opportunity for continued growth and development in incorporating technology into their instruction. The purpose of this study was to examine educators' s learning experiences in utilizing virtual learning technologies to provide instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers conducted two (2) online focus group interviews with participants (N = 9). The focus group transcriptions were qualitatively analyzed for themes. The findings from the focus groups are discussed in this article. The resulting implication is the 3E (Efficient, Effective and Engaging) application checklist to utilize when selecting instructional online tools and incorporating technology in the classroom.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment has implemented a sophisticated two-level online selection system that achieves a rejection factor of nearly 10 super(5). During Run II, the LHC will ...increase its centre-of-mass energy up to 13 TeV and progressively reach an instantaneous luminosity of 2 x 10 super(34) cm super(?2) s super(?1). In order to guarantee a successful and ambitious physics programme under this intense environment, the CMS Trigger and Data acquisition (DAQ) system has been upgraded. A novel concept for the L1 calorimeter trigger is introduced: the Time Multiplexed Trigger (TMT) . In this design, nine main processors receive each all of the calorimeter data from an entire event provided by 18 preprocessors. This design is not different from that of the CMS DAQ and HLT systems. The advantage of the TMT architecture is that a global view and full granularity of the calorimeters can be exploited by sophisticated algorithms. The goal is to maintain the current thresholds for calorimeter objects and improve the performance for their selection. The performance of these algorithms will be demonstrated, both in terms of efficiency and rate reduction. The callenging aspects of the pile-up mitigation and firmware design will be presented.
Abstract
This study examines siderite (FeCO
3
) reactivity in MgCl
2
and MgSO
4
brines with varying salt concentrations (0.01M, 1M, and 3M) at both acidic (pH ∼ 2 and pH ≤ 2) and near-neutral (pH ∼ ...7) conditions. We measured aqueous Fe concentrations through time to determine dissolution rates and characterized the solid reaction products with scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Iron-based siderite dissolution rates at pH 2 were equivalent in the 0.01M and 1M MgSO
4
brines and slower in 3M MgSO
4
; rates in the MgCl
2
brines slow systematically with increasing brine concentration for equivalent initial pH values. Fe-based dissolution rates could not be determined in the neutral pH experiments due to precipitation of iron (hydr)oxide phases. After 1 day in acidic brines, abundant etch pits were observed; however, in the neutral experiments, siderite was identified with Raman spectroscopy even after 1 yr of dissolution along with a range of iron (hydr)oxide phases. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of the neutral experiment products found Mg-sulfate brines produced a chaotic surface texture. Therefore, micron-scale textural observations could be used to discriminate between alteration in chloride and sulfate brines. Initial iron release rates were similar in dilute brines, but decreased by less than an order of magnitude in the two highest-concentration pH 2 brine experiments; therefore, siderite-bearing assemblages exposed to acidic fluids, regardless of salinity, would likely dissolve completely over geologically short periods of time, thus erasing siderite and likely other carbonate minerals from the geologic record.
The recent expansion of virtual exchange (VE) in lieu of the Covid-19 pandemic and the ongoing advance of technology has resulted in considerably larger numbers of VE participants for those in ...certain areas and contexts, yet not all would-be participants have been so fortunate. In some regions and in various contexts, challenges in VE implementation have resulted in disadvantaged populations in terms of underrepresentation and marginalization in global VE networks. To illuminate such challenges, a mixed-method approach was utilized in the current study, beginning with a global survey to elucidate reasons for underrepresentation in terms of political, governmental, institutional, administrative, technological, pedagogical, cultural and personal challenges. Thereafter, semi-structured interviews with instructors, administrators, and educational decision makers were conducted to gain further insights. Although VE is now well established as an impactful mode of studying abroad, various region-specific challenges remain. We conclude with recommendations on how to overcome the challenges especially in those underrepresented regions and populations.
Mass wasting plays an important role in carbon cycling and sequestration by exposing fresh bedrock and delivering hillslope sediments to lowlands and fluvial systems. Chemical weathering signatures ...of landslide‐derived fluvial sediments can be used to understand linkages between hillslope and fluvial processes and thus to characterize spatiotemporal dynamics of sediments. However, chemical signatures of fluvial sediments derived by landslides are yet to be fully understood. Here, we compare the bulk chemistry, mineralogy, and grain size of fluvial sediments collected pre‐ and post‐Hurricane Maria in the Rio Guayanés and Rio Guayabo watersheds in southeastern Puerto Rico to help fill this knowledge gap. Comparison of the mud fraction (<63 μm) of fluvial sediments collected before Hurricane Maria with similar mud fractions collected after the storm reveals that the post‐hurricane muds exhibit a wider range and higher average weathering index values, but coarser grain size modes. We infer that small landslides triggered by Hurricane Maria transported slope materials from shallow depths, including weathered topsoil and saprolite, as opposed to previous deep‐seated landslides, which likely sampled regolith and bedrock. Variances in weathering indices observed that pre‐ and post‐hurricanes do not necessarily reflect average climate signatures, but rather reflect subtle differences in a transport mechanism, which produce significant differences in weathering indices recorded by fluvial sediments. We propose that weathering indices provide a means to understand sediment dynamics in mountainous regions, particularly for sediment transported immediately after landslides triggered by extreme events, such as precipitation and earthquakes, and also provide important data sets required for mapping potential carbon sequestration across landscapes.
Plain Language Summary
Hurricane Maria caused heavy precipitation and widespread damage across Puerto Rico, including numerous landslides. We mapped the location and size of landslides that occurred in the 6 months following Hurricane Maria and compared sediments collected in June 2018 to samples collected in June 2014 to determine how hurricane‐induced landslides affect stream sediments. We found that numerous shallow landslides occurred immediately after Hurricane Maria. Sediments in the stream were more highly weathered than those collected before the hurricane, suggesting that the landslides delivered highly weathered soils to the stream system. This significant change in chemical weathering indices over less than a decade is not indicative of a significant shift in climate, instead the change is likely due to subtle changes in how sediments are delivered to streams via landslides. In addition, changes in stream chemistry post‐hurricane suggest that small landslides may lead to significant carbon sequestration as cations released via silicate weathering precipitate carbonate minerals downstream.
Key Points
Hurricane Maria caused shallow landslides that delivered highly weathered soil to streams
Chemical weathering values were higher in post‐hurricane sediments compared to sediments collected before the hurricane
Shallow landslides due to hurricanes can expose fresh sediment to chemical weathering, thus sequestering carbon via carbonate precipitation
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) employs a sophisticated two-level online triggering system that has a rejection factor of up to 10 super(5). Since the beginning of Run II of LHC, the conditions that ...CMS operates in have become increasingly challenging. The centre-of-mass energy is now 13 TeV and the instantaneous luminosity currently peaks at 1.5 x10 super(34) cm super(-2)s super(-1). In order to keep low physics thresholds and to trigger efficiently in such conditions, the CMS trigger system has been upgraded. A new trigger architecture, the Time Multiplexed Trigger (TMT) has been introduced which allows the full granularity of the calorimeters to be exploited at the first level of the online trigger. The new trigger has also benefited immensely from technological improvements in hardware. Sophisticated algorithms, developed to fully exploit the advantages provided by the new hardware architecture, have been implemented. The new trigger system started taking physics data in 2016 following a commissioning period in 2015, and since then has performed extremely well. The hardware and firmware developments, electron and photon algorithms together with their performance in challenging 2016 conditions is presented.
Experiential learning pedagogies are being adopted across undergraduate education and touted as an effective strategy for enhancing student learning. This paper develops an explanation for how and ...why such pedagogies can foster students' critical thinking and learning. Drawing on data collected from first-year students in "field based" urban geography courses at an urban university, I show how students' existing knowledge of urban spaces and specific parts of the city is constructed from a variety of sources and experiences, and can be incorporated in experiential learning activities in ways that foster critical learning. Such an approach is crucial to creating learning environments in higher education that include a greater diversity of student identities and life experiences.
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