This review analyzes the issues associated with biodegradation of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), one of the most widespread herbicides. Glyphosate can accumulate in natural environments and ...can be toxic not only for plants but also for animals and bacteria. Microbial transformation and mineralization of glyphosate, as the only means of its rapid degradation, are discussed in detail. The different pathways of glyphosate catabolism employed by the known destructing bacteria representing different taxonomic groups are described. The potential existence of alternative glyphosate degradation pathways, apart from those mediated by C-P lyase and glyphosate oxidoreductase, is considered. Since the problem of purifying glyphosate-contaminated soils and water bodies is a topical issue, the possibilities of applying glyphosate-degrading bacteria for their bioremediation are discussed.
Steroid-26-monooxygenases belong to the cytochrome P450 superfamily and function as part of three-component systems together with ferredoxins and ferredoxin reductases providing electron transport. ...The P450-dependent redox partners of the actinobacterial strain
Mycolicibacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155 were investigated. The genes encoding mycolibacterial ferredoxins (FdxD and FdxE) and ferredoxin reductases (FdrA and FprA) were overexpressed in
E. coli
cells. A scheme for isolation and purification of synthesized recombinant proteins using affinity chromatography was developed, resulting in electrophoretically homogeneous preparations. Spectral analysis of ferredoxin reductase showed absorption peaks characteristic of FAD-containing proteins. The reaction of cytochrome
c
reduction using recombinant proteins was carried out, demonstrating that FdxD, FdxE, FdrA, and FprA can act as components of electron transport from the reducing equivalents of NAD(P)H.
—
Novel phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolases (phosphonatases) were isolated from glyphosate-degrading bacteria
Achromobacter
spp., and their kinetic and molecular characteristics were studied ...comparatively. Based on MLST analysis of their nucleotide reductase genes, the strains under study were identified as
A. aegrifaciens
and
A. insolitus
. Nonspecific induction of phosphonatase was observed in the presence of glyphosate, whereas the natural substrate of the phosphonatase pathway had a negligible effect. Complete genome sequencing disclosed presence of a phosphonatase operon of unusual structure in both bacterial species. In addition to the phosphonatase gene
phnX
, it also included a gene of a LysR-like transcriptional regulator and two genes of novel proteins with putative functions.
The degradation of stable organophosphorus pollutants has been studied in six soil bacterial isolates and three strains of bacteria adapted to utilize glyphosate herbicide (GP) under laboratory ...conditions. Significant differences in the uptake of organophosphonates were found in taxonomically close strains possessing similar enzymatic pathways of catabolism of these compounds, which suggests the existence of unknown mechanisms for the regulation of the activity of these enzymes. The effect of adaptation to GP utilization as the sole phosphorus source on the consumption rates of several other structurally different phosphonates was observed in the studied bacteria. New, highly efficient degrading strains that resulted in a GP decomposition of up to 56% after soil application were isolated. Unsolved problems of microbial GP metabolism and trends in further research on the creation of effective preparations for the bioremediation of soils contaminated with organophosphonates are discussed.
This review analyzes the issues associated with biodegradation of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), one of the most widespread herbicides. Glyphosate can accumulate in natural environments and ...can be toxic not only for plants but also for animals and bacteria. Microbial transformation and mineralization ofglyphosate, as the only means of its rapid degradation, are discussed in detail. The different pathways of glyphosate catabolism employed by the known destructing bacteria representing different taxonomic groups are described. The potential existence of alternative glyphosate degradation pathways, apart from those mediated by C-P lyase and glyphosate oxidoreductase, is considered. Since the problem of purifying glyphosate-contaminated soils and water bodies is a topical issue, the possibilities of applying glyphosate-degrading bacteria for their bioremediation are discussed.
