Objective
Two focused questions were addressed within this systematic review. Q1) What is the effect of alveolar ridge preservation on linear and volumetric alveolar site dimensions, keratinised ...measurements, histological characteristics and patient‐based outcomes when compared to unassisted socket healing. Q2) What is the size effect of these outcomes in three different types of intervention (guided bone regeneration, socket grafting and socket seal).
Materials and methods
An electronic search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register LILACS, Web of Science) and hand‐search was conducted up to June 2015. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) and controlled clinical trials (CCT); with unassisted socket healing as controls: were eligible in the analysis for Q1. RCTs, CCTs and large prospective case series with or without an unassisted socket healing as control group were eligible in the analysis for Q2.
Results
Nine papers (8 RCTs and 1 CCTs) were included in the analysis for Q1 and 37 papers (29 RCTs, 7 CCTs and 1 case series) for Q2. The risk for bias was unclear or high in most of the studies. Q1: the standardised mean difference (SMD) in vertical mid‐buccal bone height between ARP and a non‐treated site was 0.739 mm (95% CI: 0.332 to 1.147). The SMD when proximal vertical bone height and horizontal bone width was compared was 0.796mm (95% CI: −1.228 to 0.364) and 1.198 mm (95% CI: −0.0374 to 2.433). Examination of ARP sites revealed significant variation in vital and trabecular bone percentages and keratinised tissue width and thickness. Adverse events were routinely reported, with three papers reporting a high level of complications in the test and control groups and two papers reporting greater risks associated with ARP. No studies reported on variables associated with the patient experience in either the test or the control group. Q2: A pooled effect reduction (PER) in mid‐buccal alveolar ridge height of −0.467 mm (95% CI: −0.866 to −0.069) was recorded for GBR procedures and −0.157 mm (95% CI: −0.554 to 0.239) for socket grafting. A proximal vertical bone height reduction of −0.356 mm (95% CI: −0.490 to −0.222) was recorded for GBR, with a horizontal dimensional reduction of −1.45 mm (95% CI: −1.892 to −1.008) measured following GBR and −1.613 mm (95% CI: −1.989 to −1.238) for socket grafting procedures. Five papers reported on histological findings after ARP. Two papers indicated an increase in the width of the keratinised tissue following GBR, with two papers reporting a reduction in the thickness of the keratinised tissue following GBR. Histological examination revealed extensive variations in the treatment protocols and biomaterials materials used to evaluate extraction socket healing. GBR studies reported a variation in total bone formation of 47.9 ± 9.1% to 24.67 ± 15.92%. Post‐operative complications were reported by 29 papers, with the most common findings soft tissue inflammation and infection.
Conclusion
ARP results in a significant reduction in the vertical bone dimensional change following tooth extraction when compared to unassisted socket healing. The reduction in horizontal alveolar bone dimensional change was found to be variable. No evidence was identified to clearly indicate the superior impact of a type of ARP intervention (GBR, socket filler and socket seal) on bone dimensional preservation, bone formation, keratinised tissue dimensions and patient complications.
Aim
To evaluate the efficacy of access flap and pocket elimination procedures in the surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis.
Materials and Methods
Systematic electronic searches ...(Central/MEDLINE/EMBASE) up to March 2022 were conducted to identify prospective clinical studies evaluating surgical therapy (access flap or pocket elimination procedures) of peri‐implantitis. Primary outcome measures were reduction of probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Risk of bias was evaluated according to study design. Meta‐analysis and meta‐regression were performed. Results were expressed as standardized mean effect with 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
Evidence from studies directly comparing surgical with non‐surgical therapy is lacking. Based on pre‐post data originating from 13 prospective patient cohorts, pronounced reductions of PD (standardized mean effect: 2.2 mm; 95% CI 1.8–2.7) and BOP% (27.0; 95% CI 19.8–34.2) as well as marginal bone level gain (0.2 mm; 95% CI –0.0 to 0.5) were observed at evaluation time points ranging from 1 to 5 years. Wide prediction intervals suggested a high degree of heterogeneity. Reduction of mean PD increased by 0.7 mm (95% CI 0.5–0.9) for every millimetre in increase of mean PD at baseline. During the follow‐up period ranging from 1 to 5 years, disease recurrence occurred frequently and implant loss was not uncommon.
Conclusions
Access flap and pocket elimination surgery are effective procedures in the management of peri‐implantitis, although rates of disease recurrence during 5 years were high. Treatment outcomes were affected by baseline conditions.
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and patient‐reported outcomes following surgical root coverage at RT1 gingival recession defects at mandibular incisors, using either a ...conventional free gingival graft (FGG) or a modified FGG (ModFGG).
Methods
Total of 30 patients with RT1 gingival recessions at mandibular incisors were enrolled and randomly allocated to either a control (FGG) or test group (ModFGG). Evaluations of clinical changes (recession depth, height of keratinized tissue) and patient satisfaction were performed over a follow‐up period of 12 months. Post‐surgical changes of keratinized tissue height (shrinkage) were assessed from 1 month and onward.
Results
ModFGG resulted in more pronounced root coverage at 1 year compared to FGG (91.8% vs. 60.7%, p < 0.001). Height of keratinized tissue was improved by 4.2 and 2.2 mm (p < 0.001), respectively, with significantly less shrinkage in ModFGG. Post‐surgical morbidity was significantly lower for ModFGG at 2 weeks and patient satisfaction was significantly higher 12 months after treatment (9.1 vs. 5.4; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
ModFGG represents a valid approach for the management of RT1 recession defects at mandibular incisors. The technique is superior to traditional FGG in terms of root coverage, the gain of keratinized tissue height, and patient satisfaction.
Objectives
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between specific genetic polymorphisms and dental implant‐related biological complications in patients having a follow‐up ...period of at least 12‐months post‐loading.
Material and methods
A sensitive search strategy was developed to identify implant‐related genetic‐association studies. This was performed by searching five databases. A three‐stage screening (titles, , full text) was carried out in duplicate and independently by two reviewers. Assessment was carried out according to the suggested scale for quality assessment of periodontal genetic‐association studies and adapted to genetic analyses of implant‐related studies leading to an overall final score 0–20 based on the summation of positive answers.
Results
The initial search resulted in 1838 articles. Sixty‐seven full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility and four studies met the defined inclusion criteria. IL‐6 G174C, TNF‐α ‐308, IL‐1A‐889 and IL‐1B+3954 and CD14‐159 C/T polymorphisms were evaluated. The quality assessment scores ranged from 6 to 11 positive answers from out of a maximum score of 20. The great heterogeneity among the studies did not allow a meta‐analysis.
Conclusions
The published evidence on genetic predisposition and implant biologic complications is limited. The small number of identified studies evaluating the association between genetic polymorphisms and peri‐implant disease presented methodological and reporting inadequacies. Thus, the potential link between genetic polymorphisms and biological complications should be further investigated and clarified through well‐designed clinical studies on adequately powered and appropriately included study populations.
Convenient and well-performing protein detection methods for a wide range of targets are in great demand for biomedical research and future diagnostics. Assays without the need for washing steps ...while still unaffected when analyzing complex biological samples are difficult to develop. Herein, we report a well-characterized nucleic acid proximity-based assay using antibodies, called Proximity Extension Assay (PEA), showing good performance in plasma samples. Target-specific antibody pairs are linked to DNA strands that upon simultaneous binding to the target analyte create a real-time PCR amplicon in a proximity-dependent manner enabled by the action of a DNA polymerase. 3'Exonuclease-capable polymerases were found to be clearly superior in sensitivity over non-3'exonuclease ones. A PEA was set up for IL-8 and GDNF in a user-friendly, homogenous assay displaying femtomolar detection sensitivity, good recovery in human plasma, high specificity and up to 5-log dynamic range in 1 μL samples. Furthermore, we have illustrated the use of a macro-molecular crowding matrix in combination with this homogeneous assay to drive target binding for low-affinity antibodies, thereby improving the sensitivity and increasing affinity reagent availability by lowering assay development dependency on high-affinity antibodies. Assay performance was also confirmed for a multiplex version of PEA.
(1) Primary focused question (Q1): to evaluate the effect of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) on implant outcomes (implant placement feasibility, need for further augmentation, survival/success ...rates, marginal bone loss) compared with unassisted socket healing (USH) and (2) secondary focused question (Q2): to estimate the size effects (SE) of these outcomes in three different interventions (GBR, socket filler, socket seal).
Electronic (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register LILACS; Web of Science) and hand search was conducted up to July 2014. Randomised controlled trials (RCT), controlled clinical trials (CCT) and prospective cohort studies with USH as controls were eligible in the analysis for Q1. RCTs, CCTs and prospective case series, with or without USH as control, were eligible for Q2.
Ten (8 RCTs, 2 CCTs) and 30 studies (21 RCTs, 7 CCTs, 2 case series) were included in the analysis for Q1 and Q2, respectively. The risk for bias was unclear or high in most of them. Q1: Implant placement was feasible in ARP-treated and USH sites. These implants presented similar survival/success rates and marginal bone levels. The need for further augmentation decreased when ARP was performed (Relative risk: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.07-0.3). Q2: The SE for implant placement feasibility was 98.5% (95% CI: 96.4-99.6) in GBR and 96.2 (95% CI: 93.1-98.2) in socket filler group. The SE for need for further augmentation was 11.9 (95% CI: 5.6-19.9) for GBR and 13.7% (95% CI: 5.0-25.6) for socket filler groups. GBR and socket filler presented similar SE for survival/success rates and average marginal bone loss. Limited data were available for implant-related outcomes in sites treated with socket seal.
There is limited evidence to support the clinical benefit of ARP over USH in improving implant-related outcomes despite a decrease in the need for further ridge augmentation during implant placement. Similar implant placement feasibility, survival/success rates and marginal bone loss should be anticipated following ARP or USH. Currently, it is not clear which type of ARP intervention has a superior impact on implant outcomes.
Dye-sensitized mesoporous TiO
2
films have been widely applied in energy and environmental science related research fields. The interaction between accumulated electrons inside TiO
2
and cations in ...the surrounding electrolyte at the TiO
2
/dye/electrolyte interface is, however, still poorly understood. This interaction is undoubtedly important for both device performance and fundamental understanding. In the present study, Stark effects of an organic dye, LEG4, adsorbed on TiO
2
were well characterized and used as a probe to monitor the local electric field at the TiO
2
/dye/electrolyte interface. By using time-resolved photo- and potential-induced absorption techniques, we found evidence for a slow (
t
> 0.1 s) local charge compensation mechanism, which follows electron accumulation inside the mesoporous TiO
2
. This slow local compensation was attributed to the penetration of cations from the electrolyte into the adsorbed dye layer, leading to a more localized charge compensation of the electrons inside TiO
2
. Importantly, when the electrons inside TiO
2
were extracted, a remarkable reversal of the surface electric field was observed for the first time, which is attributed to the penetrated and/or adsorbed cations now being charge compensated by anions in the bulk electrolyte. A cation electrosorption model is developed to account for the overall process. These findings give new insights into the mesoporous TiO
2
/dye/electrolyte interface and the electron-cation interaction mechanism. Electrosorbed cations are proposed to act as electrostatic trap states for electrons in the mesoporous TiO
2
electrode.
Photo-induced absorption spectroscopy on dye-sensitized solar cells reveals reversible electron-induced cation adsorption at the TiO
2
surface, resulting in changes of the surface electric field.
The effects of alkoxy chain length in triarylamine based donor-acceptor organic dyes are investigated with respect to the electronic and molecular surface structures on the performance of solar cells ...and the electron lifetime. The dyes were investigated when adsorbed on TiO2 in a configuration that can be used for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Specifically, the two dyes D35 and D45 were compared using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The differences in solar cell characteristics when longer alkoxy chains are introduced in the dye donor unit are attributed to geometrical changes in dye packing while only minor differences were observed in the electronic structure. A higher dye load was observed for D45 on TiO2. However, D35 based solar cells result in higher photocurrent although the dye load is lower. This is explained by different geometrical structures of the dyes on the surface.
Aim
This registry‐based retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of furcation status on the risk for molar loss.
Materials and Methods
Subjects with and without furcation involvement ...(FI) in 2010/2011 were identified in a nationwide registry in Sweden (age‐ and gender‐matched sample: 381,450 subjects; 2,374,883 molars). Data on dental and periodontal status were extracted for the subsequent 10‐year period. Impact of FI (at baseline or detected during follow‐up) on molar loss (i.e., tooth extraction) was evaluated through multilevel logistic regression and survival analyses.
Results
FI had a significant impact on molar loss. FI degrees 2 and 3 resulted in adjusted risk ratios of 1.67 (95% confidence interval CI 1.63–1.71) and 3.30 (95% CI 3.18–3.43), respectively. Following the first detection of deep FI (degrees 2–3), estimated survival decreased by 4% at 5 years and 8% at 10 years. In addition to FI, endodontic status and probing depth were relevant risk factors for molar loss.
Conclusions
Furcation status had a clinically relevant impact on the risk for molar loss. Following first detection of deep FI, however, the decline in molar survival was minor.
Objectives
To evaluate outcome measures, methods of assessment, and analysis in clinical studies on the prevention and management of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis.
Methods
Systematic ...electronic searches (CENTRAL/MEDLINE/SCOPUS) up to April 2021 were conducted to identify longitudinal clinical studies with ≥10 patients on either the prevention or management of peri‐implant diseases. Outcome measures of this analysis were the choice of outcome measures, methods of assessment, and analytical methods. Risk of bias was evaluated according to study design. Data were extracted into evidence tables and outcomes were analysed in a descriptive manner.
Results
The analysis of the 159 selected studies revealed that probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding/suppuration on probing (BOP) were reported in 89% and 87% of all studies, respectively. Additional outcome measures included plaque scores (reported in 64% of studies), radiographic outcomes (49%), soft tissue dimensions (34%), and composite outcomes (26%). Adverse events (8%) and patient‐reported outcomes (6%) were only rarely mentioned. A primary outcome measure was clearly defined only in 36% of studies. Data on PPD, radiographic outcomes, and soft tissue dimensions were primarily reported as mean values and rarely as frequency distributions. For radiographic outcomes and soft tissue dimensions, it was frequently unclear how clustered data were handled.
Conclusions
PPD and BOP were routinely reported in studies on the prevention and management of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis, while composite outcomes, adverse events, and patient‐reported outcomes were only infrequently described.
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