The ecological relationships of native dendrobiont arthropods with the mines of the invasive species
Phyllonorycter issikii
(Kumata, 1963) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) were studied in Udmurtia ...during 2016–2023. A complex of predators of
Ph. issikii
has been identified. Thrips
Haplothrips subtilissimus
(Haliday, 1852) (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) and mite
Anystis
sp. (Trombidiformes, Anystidae) have been reported as predators of the leaf miner for the first time.
Valenzuela flavidus
(Stephens, 1836) (Caeciliusidae),
Oenopia conglobata
(Linnaeus, 1758) (Coccinellidae), and
Clubiona
sp. (Clubionidae) use
Ph.
issikii
mines as a cover.
The review focuses on the parasitoid complexes of
Phyllonorycter platani
(Staudinger, 1870) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) over the entire range of the species. A total of 72 species from seven ...Hymenoptera families attack the plane leaf miner. In Europe, 63 species were identified; in North America, the Caucasus, Western Asia, and Central Asia, 5, 3, 12, and 1 species were identified, respectively. Parasitoid complexes of
Ph. platani
in Eurasia are characterized by the absence of narrow specialists. Parasitoid infestation rates are low in the European populations of
Ph. platani
. The analysis of the composition of the complex of parasitoids suggests a possible North American origin of the miner.
This review is devoted to the complexes of parasitoids of
Cameraria ohridella
Deschka & Dimić, 1986 (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in the secondary range of the leaf miner. Over 30 years of research, ...99 species from 6 families of Hymenoptera have been identified. The parasitoids are represented by polyphages. The attractiveness of
C
.
ohridella
for parasitoids grows in the following stage order: caterpillar–pronymph–pupa. Egg parasitoids of the miner are not known. Indices of parasitoid infestation in
C
.
ohridella
populations are everywhere low. The reasons for the ineffectiveness of the complexes of miner parasitoids are shown.
•A catalyst model with point-like synthesis reaction centers is presented.•The calculation of temperatures and concentrations at the point centers of the reaction is carried out by the mean-field ...method.
The productivity of Fischer-Tropsch reactors is determined by the efficiency of heat and mass transfer processes inside the catalyst granules. To reduce the diffusion resistance the granules base is made from ceramic highly porous material. The porous structure of the granules causes a discrete arrangement of cobalt metallic microparticles whose size can reach tens of microns. Cobalt particles are the active centres on which the synthesis reactions are realized. The distance between these active centres significantly exceeds their characteristic size and the homogeneous model for heat and mass transfer is incorrect. In our paper a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer processes in a porous spherical granule with localised active centres is proposed. The heat of the exothermic synthesis reaction is removed from the surface of the granule by heat transfer into the synthesis gas stream washing the granule. The components of the synthesis gas enter to the granule surface as a result of mass transfer. On the basis of the mean-field approach the values of the temperature and concentration of the synthesis gas components at the active centres inside the granule were determined. In the reactor tube, where the catalyst granules are placed, there is a critical temperature. The excess of the critical temperature leads to a thermal explosion, i.e. a substantial overheating of the active centres. In this case, the surface of the catalyst granule is superheated slightly. The principal difference between the homogeneous and heterogeneous models in catalytic reactions is discussed. We analysed influence of the temperature inside the reactor tube, size of the granule, and coefficient of thermal conductivity on the thermal stability of the granule.
The article describes a new phenomenon in the breeding group of mini-pigs at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG, Novosibirsk): polydactyly (extra digits), which is unusual because the ...additional digits are situated at the lateral surface of legs or at the lateral and medial ones. This anomaly was first found here in 2017 in adult animals intended for culling due to incorrect positioning of the legs caused by flexor tendon laxity and resulting in weight-bearing on the palmar surface of the proximal phalanges (“bear’s paw”). Therefore, the polydactyly of mini-pigs has a pronounced negative selection effect. A visual survey of the livestock was conducted, and a description of the detected anomaly was compiled. The polydactyly in mini-pigs is a stand-alone trait and is not part of any syndromes. Individuals with polydactyly may have extra digits either on pectoral or on pectoral and pelvic limbs. On thoracic limbs, there may be either one lateral digit or a lateral digit and a medially located rudimentary hooflet. On pelvic limbs, only lateral extra digits can occur. Anatomical and morphological analyses showed that the lateral extra digit is an anatomically complete (“mature”) structure, whereas the medial rudimentary digit consists of only a hooflet without other structures characteristic of normal digits. Cytological examination revealed no specific karyotypic features, except for Robertsonian translocation Rb 16;17 previously reported for the mini-pigs of the same livestock. Cytological findings indicated that the polydactyly and Robertsonian translocation are not linked genetically. Genealogical analysis and results of crosses are consistent with a working hypothesis of recessive inheritance of the trait. Overall, the study shows that this type of polydactyly is anatomically and morphologically unique and not typical of Sus scrofa. In this species, only polydactyly types with medial accessory toes have been described and are usually inherited as a dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. In our case, the results of test crosses indicate recessive inheritance of the trait with varying expression and incomplete penetrance, because of which poorly expressed phenotypes are not visually detectable.
The seasonal dynamics of leaf damage caused by phyllophagous insects to the pedunculate oak
Quercus robur
in the northeast of its distribution area was studied. The research was carried out in ...2013–2016 near the Udmurt University’s Biological Station (56°82′N, 53°90′E) in a floodplain oak forest of the Siva River, Votkinskii District, Udmurt Republic. The complex of oak phyllophages included 71 insect species from 23 families and 4 orders: Lepidoptera (59.2%), Coleoptera (25.3%), Hymenoptera (12.7%), and Diptera (2.8%). The species diversity of three orders (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera) was the highest in spring and early summer. The number of Lepidoptera species ranged from 21 to 25 between June 10 and August 30. The degree of trophic specialization of the oak phyllophages was closely related to their ecological characteristics. Most mining species (71.4%) and all the gall-forming ones were monophagous. By contrast, polyphagous species predominated among the chewing, skeletonizing, and leaf-rolling phyllophages: 92.4, 85.7, and 75%, respectively. The main damage to oak leaves was inflicted by phyllophages in spring: 77.1 ± 2.2%, then it decreased to 12.2 ± 1.6, 3.3 ± 1.0, and 7.4 ± 2.1% in early summer, summer, and autumn, respectively (
n
= 8 in all the cases).
We consider the problem of simultaneous detection of close and distant targets in an automotive millimeter-wave radar. Two approaches for solving the problem are proposed. The first approach is based ...on the subtraction of more powerful signals in the time domain and the subsequent detection of less powerful signals. The second approach is based on the most plausible estimate of the impulse response of the radar channel. The methods have different computational complexity. Numerical simulation of the proposed methods for processing of signals reflected from targets in terms of the false-alarm and missed-detection probabilities has been carried out. Simulations have shown that both close and distant targets can correctly be detected simultaneously with a low predetermined false-alarm probability.
A significant part of the complex of phytophagous insects associated with the pedunculate oak
Quercus robur
L. was studied for the first time in the northeast of its distribution range. Research was ...carried out during 2013–2017 in an oak forest in the Siva River floodplain (56°82′N, 53°90′E), near the Biological Station of Udmurt State University in Votkinskii District of the Udmurt Republic. The complex of oak phytophagous insects comprises 95 species from 23 families and 4 orders: Lepidoptera (45.3%), Coleoptera (43.1%), Hymenoptera (9.5%), and Diptera (2.1%). Oak leaves are damaged by 71 insect species, 58 of which feed at the larval stage and 13, at the adult stage. Acorns, wood, and oak roots are damaged by 4, 24, and 3 species, respectively. The studied insect complex is composed of typical phytophages of
Q. robur
; it is characterized by reduced species composition and a stably low abundance of most species.
PDF
