In food industry, biofilms are a source of recalcitrant contaminations, being possible sources of public health problems. The aims of this study were evaluate the disinfectant efficacy of peracetic ...acid against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown on polystyrene surfaces, determining the best method to measuring its disinfecting efficacy. PERAsafe® has been used as peracetic acid donor into medium. Direct colony-forming units (CFUs) counts together with two assays based in optical density measurement have been tested. Starting from bacterial suspensions (∼105), the log10 values obtained were 4.34 ± 0.20, 2.60 ± 0.77 and 0.00 for 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.61%, PERAsafe® concentrations, respectively, showing that this compound achieved the 100% killing efficacy against P. aeruginosa biofilms. Comparative study among the selected tests shows similar results between CFUs counts and spectrophotometry, but there are significant differences between direct counting and McFarland test. At concentration of 1.61%, the correlation factors were 0.8998 and 0.7338 when comparing CFU direct counting with microplate absorbance measurements and McFarland turbidity tests, respectively. These results show that measurement on microplates is an effective tool to evaluate the effectiveness of PERAsafe® against P. aeruginosa biofilms, being able to effectively replace the CFUs count in routine tests to determine the sterilization levels on surfaces.
•Peracetic acid is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on polystyrene surfaces.•CFUs/absorbance provide good correlation to assess the effectiveness of peracetic acid.•McFarland test cannot replace to CFU to assess the peracetic acid effect on these biofilms.
I Would Lie To You If I Couldcontains interviews with nine eminent contemporary American poets (Natasha Trethewey, Jane Hirshfield, Martín Espada, Stephen Kuusisto, Stephen Sandy, Ed Ochester, ...Carolyn Forche, Peter Everwine, and Galway Kinnell) and James Wright's widow Anne. It presents conversations with a vital cross section of poets representing a variety of ages, ethnicities, and social backgrounds.The poets testify to the demotic nature of poetry as a charged language that speaks uniquely in original voices, yet appeals universally. As individuals with their own transpersonal stories, the poets have emerged onto the national stage from very local places with news that witnesses memorably in social, personal, and political ways. They talk about their poems and development as poets self-effacingly, honestly, and insightfully, describing just how and when they were "hurt into poetry," as well as why they have pursued writing poetry as a career in which, as Robert Frost noted in his poem "Two Tramps in Mud Time," their object has become "to unite their avocation and their vocation / As their two eyes make one in sight."
Mastectomy is a common and painful procedure in dogs. Wound soaker catheters (WSC) are frequently used to reduce postoperative pain, including pain after mastectomy. The objectives of this case ...series were to describe the use of WSC for owner administration of postoperative local analgesia in dogs with mammary tumors treated surgically, to identify complications associated with WSC and to determine the frequency of bacterial colonization of the catheters. Twelve WSC were placed in 11 dogs during mastectomy surgery, left in place for three days, protected by a dressing and successfully managed by owners at home. No postoperative antibiotics were administered. No complications were identified in any cases. No bacterial growth was identified on bacteriological analysis of the twelve WSC. These results suggest that the use of WSC is a safe alternative for postoperative analgesia administration following mastectomy in dogs. Future studies comparing dogs with or without WSC with a larger number of dogs are needed to further evaluate efficacy and complications.
For Frank Espada (1930-2014) My father was a Shamrock, not the kind blooming everywhere on Saint Patrick's Day, but a Puerto Rican Shamrock, wearing the white clover emblazoned on green trunks, ...loping down court with the Maloney twins, Fitzgerald and Plunkett. The day a boy yelled Foul, you spie, I swung and scraped my knuckles on his belt buckle, too far away to stain his teeth with blood. Atop the box there is a snapshot of the Shamrocks, the Maloney twins, Fitzgerald, Anaya and Espada, in suits and ties for Christmas dinner on West 108th Street.
