Chapter 4: Cross-Cultural Communication Eubanks, Robin L.; McFarland, Marilyn R.; Mixer, Sandra J. ...
Journal of transcultural nursing,
10/2010, Letnik:
21, Številka:
4_suppl
Journal Article
Cocaine abuse is problematic, directly and indirectly impacting the lives of millions, and yet existing therapies are inadequate and usually ineffective. A cocaine vaccine would be a promising ...alternative therapeutic option, but efficacy is hampered by variable production of anticocaine antibodies. Thus, new tactics and strategies for boosting cocaine vaccine immunogenicity must be explored. Flagellin is a bacterial protein that stimulates the innate immune response via binding to extracellular Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and also via interaction with intracellular NOD-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), leading to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Reasoning that flagellin could serve as both carrier and adjuvant, we modified recombinant flagellin protein to display a cocaine hapten termed GNE. The resulting conjugates exhibited dose-dependent stimulation of anti-GNE antibody production. Moreover, when adjuvanted with alum, but not with liposomal MPLA, GNE-FliC was found to be better than our benchmark GNE-KLH. This work represents a new avenue for exploration in the use of hapten-flagellin conjugates to elicit antihapten immune responses.
This study aimed to evaluate the laboratory-related outcomes of participants who were offered genomic testing based on cancer family history risk assessment tools.
Patients from clinics that serve ...populations with access barriers, who are screened at risk for a hereditary cancer syndrome based on adapted family history collection tools (the Breast Cancer Genetics Referral Screening Tool and PREMM5), were offered exome-based panel testing for cancer risk and medically actionable secondary findings. We used descriptive statistics, electronic health record review, and inferential statistics to explore participant characteristics and results, consultations and actions related to pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants identified, and variables predicting category of findings, respectively.
Of all the participants, 87% successfully returned a saliva kit. Overall, 5% had a pathogenic/likely pathogenic cancer risk variant and 1% had a secondary finding. Almost all (14/15, 93%) participants completed recommended consultations with nongenetics providers after an average of 17 months. The recommended actions (eg, breast magnetic resonance imaging) were completed by 17 of 25 participants. Participant personal history of cancer and PREMM5 score were each associated with the category of findings (history and colon cancer finding, Fisher’s exact P = .02; history and breast cancer finding, Fisher’s exact P = .01; PREMM5TM score; and colon cancer finding, Fisher’s exact P < .001).
This accessible model of hereditary cancer risk assessment and genetic testing yielded results that were often acted upon by patients and physicians.
Cultural competence and cultural humility are ongoing processes that healthcare professionals should continually strive for in order to provide effective and comprehensive plans of care for patients. ...METHODS: This 2-yr, longitudinal, educational pilot study describes the levels
of competency in second-year entry-level physical therapy students and compares the outcomes of three teaching strategies for cultural competence and cultural humility. All students received a standard 2-hour lecture; study volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two enriched educational
groups, involving a standardized patient or a paper case enrichment. RESULTS: Students shifted from initial levels of "culturally incompetent" and/or "culturally aware" to "culturally competent" as measured by the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare
Professionals-Revised. This shift was maintained after 1.5 yrs following the exposure. Because the enriched educational groups were underpowered, preliminary quantitative data are inconclusive, but qualitative feedback from students is strongly positive. DISCUSSION: A minimal dose of
a structured 2-hr lecture with a skilled instructor, who creates a safe environment for cultural learning, produced positive shifts toward greater cultural competence. Five processes emerged for teaching cultural humility that may assist in designing comprehensive educational experiences on
this topic. A framework for organizing course content is presented.
Cultural competence and cultural humility are ongoing processes that healthcare professionals should continually strive for in order to provide effective and comprehensive plans of care for patients.
...This 2-year, longitudinal, educational pilot study describes the levels of competency in second-year entry-level physical therapy students and compares the outcomes of three teaching strategies for cultural competence and cultural humility. All students received a standard 2-hour lecture; study volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two enriched educational groups, involving a standardized patient or a paper case enrichment.
Students shifted from initial levels of "culturally incompetent" and/or "culturally aware" to "culturally competent" as measured by the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare Professionals-Revised. This shift was maintained after 1.5 yrs following the exposure. Because the enriched educational groups were underpowered, preliminary quantitative data are inconclusive, but qualitative feedback from students is strongly positive.
A minimal dose of a structured 2-hr lecture with a skilled instructor, who creates a safe environment for cultural learning, produced positive shifts toward greater cultural competence. Five processes emerged for teaching cultural humility that may assist in designing comprehensive educational experiences on this topic. A framework for organizing course content is presented.
Darwin's harvest Motley, Timothy J; Zerega, Nyree; Cross, Hugh (Hugh B.)
2006, 2006., 20060104
eBook, Book
Research on crop plants often has been at the forefront of revolutions in plant biology. Notable achievements include Charles Darwin's studies of variation of plants under domestication (Darwin, ...1883), the work of Gregor Mendel on the garden pea and the principles of inheritance, and the Nobel Prizewinning research of Barbara McClintock and her discovery of transposable elements in maize (McClintock, 1950). More recently with the development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and automated sequencing technology, novel DNA markers and gene regions often are first used by crop plant researchers before being used in other botanical disciplines. These techniques have enabled crop scientists to address questions that they previously could not answer, such as the effects of domestication and selection on the entire plant genome (Emshwiller, in press). Rice (Oryza sativa) was the second plant species, after the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, to have its entire genome sequenced (Goff et al., 2002; Yu et al., 2002). Current genome sequencing projects, such as those at the Institute for Genomics Research, are focusing on agronomically important groups, including the grass, legume, tomato, and cabbage families.
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