Kas yra socialinis darbas? Dunajevas, Eugenijus
STEPP: socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika (Online),
03/2015, Letnik:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
One way to understand and explain social work is to stop searching for the united or single definition of social work and to look at it as multidimensional phenomena. The main dimensions of social ...work are social work as academic discipline or research and social work as a practice. The first part of the article is designed to present possible or hypothetical taxonomy of social work theories. It is stated that it can be identified 24 types of social work theories. The second part of the article analyses the forms of social work practice. There are four types of social work practice: reformist – individualist, reformist – collectivist, therapeutic – individualist, therapeutic – collectivist. The dominant form of social work practice in contemporary society is known by the name of personal social services.
Vienas iš būdų suprasti ir paaiškinti socialinio darbo reiškinį yra atsiakyti siekio rusti bendrą, visuotinai pripažįstamą socialinio darbo apibrėžimą ir į jį pažvelgti per daugiamatiškumo prizmę. Taip socialinį darbą galima suskaidyti į socialinį darbą kaip akademinę discipliną ir socialinį darbą kaip socialinio darbo praktika. Pirmoje straipsnio dalyje pateikiama hipotetinė socialinio darbo teorijų ar žinojimų klasifikacinė schema, kuri išryškina 24 skirtingus socialinio darbo teorijų tipus. Antroje straipsnio dalyje gilinamasi į socialinio darbo praktikos formas, kurios dar skiriamos pagal jų tikslus – socialinė reforma arba socialinė terapija, bei pagal įgyvendinimo formą – vieša ar privati. Daugiausiai dėmesio skiriama tai socialinio darbo praktikos formai, kuri šiuolaikinėse Vakarų visuomenėse yra žinoma asmeninių socialinių paslaugų vardu.
It is acknowledged by various organizations, experts, and researchers around the world that meeting psychological and social needs is an important factor in cancer treatment. However, there is a ...shortage of psychosocial care supply for cancer patients and their family members in Lithuania. The aim of this study is to discern the causes of this insufficient supply. In order to find out the possible causes, Jon Elster’s action explanation framework was used. According to the framework, it is possible to deduce these factors: institutional constraints, economical (resources and labor supply) constraints, social preferences, and political preferences. Qualitative research (expert interviews) and secondary data analysis research methods were employed to gather the required data. A data analysis shows that the there are no institutional constraints for the provision of psychosocial care. However, there is a lack of public resources dedicated for the provision of psychosocial care. As a consequence, the main providers of psychosocial care for cancer patients and their family members are NGOs, which heavily depend on volunteer labor force. There is a contradiction in the point of view toward the professionalization of psychosocial care provision. It is the natural position of medical professionals that the provision of psychosocial care should be in the hands of professionals. On the other side, NGOs disagree with such a perspective. The need for psychosocial care is verbalized by experts and professionals; however, the general public prefers medical treatment. Thus, it is understandable why the public resources allocated to the provision of psychosocial care are so scarce. It is also evident that the political parties are not interested in psychosocial care, as it was shown by our analysis of their political programs.
The implementation of youth policy is closely connected to interorganizational cooperation between the organizations that are active in the field of youth activities. The goal of this paper is to ...present the results of a study wherein the factors that possibly determine cooperation between youth organizations and the local government administration in the Utena District municipality were studied. According to the studies on cooperation and organizational behavior, the factors that contribute to cooperation are the following: an uncertainty of the future, possessing mutual goals, the costs and benefits of cooperation maintenance, and the level of trust between organizations. In order to determine the exact combination of factors and how they contribute to cross-organizational cooperation, a crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis was conducted. The possible cooperation situations between the organizations that are active in the field of youth and the local government administration were the study cases. The semistructured interview method was employed in order to interview the representatives of local the government administration and organizations. The results of data analysis revealed that the most important factor for interorganizational cooperation in the field of youth policy is the level of trust between organizations in the Utena District municipality.
Jaunimo politikos įgyvendinimas yra neatsiejamas nuo atskirų jaunimo srityje veikiančių organizacijų bendradarbiavimo. Viena iš bendradarbiavimo formų yra kooperacija. Šiame straipsnyje aprašomo darbo tikslas yra nustatyti veiksnius, kurie sąlygoja kooperaciją tarp organizacijų, įgyvendinant jaunimo politiką. Analizuojamas Utenos savivaldybės atvejis. Remiantis atliktais tyrimais buvo išskirti galbūt kooperaciją tarp organizacijų sąlygojantys priežastiniai veiksniai: ateities neapibrėžtumas, organizacijų tikslų sutapimas, veiksmų, susijusių su kooperacija, kaštai ir nauda bei pasitikėjimo tarp organizacijų laipsnis. Siekiant nustatyti, kurie iš minėtų veiksnių ir kaip (kiek reikšmingai ir svariai) sąlygoja organizacijų kooperaciją, buvo naudota kokybinė lyginamoji analizė, konkrečiai – buvo taikyta raiškiųjų aibių kokybinė lyginamoji analizė. Analizės objektas – galimos jaunimo srityje veikiančių organizacijų ir savivaldybės administracijos kooperacijos situacijos. Organizacijos buvo atrinktos analizuojant jų veiklą aprašančius dokumentus. Informacija buvo renkama pusiau struktūruotu interviu. Interviu dalyviai buvo savivaldybės administracijos atstovas ir organizacijų, veikiančių jaunimo srityje, atstovai. Buvo analizuotos septynios galimos kooperacijos situacijos. Analizės rezultatai rodo, kad svarbiausia kooperacijos sąlyga yra pasitikėjimas tarp organizacijų.
The traditional model of general education organization, which focuses only on the provision of human capital as a guarantor of welfare, cannot effectively achieve this goal without removing other ...barriers to the child’s development (OECD 2016). The acquisition of human capital also significantly depends on a person’s social and cultural capital. In addition to its traditional functions, a school can also provide social and cultural capital by providing a space for the interaction of various social networks, promotion of new ideas and cultural diversity, and the involvement of social partners in school activities (Healy 2001). An all-day school is one of the tools to provide children with social and cultural capital. Despite the existing disparities between a pupil’s achievement and the low level of their social and cultural capital (Shleider 2018), all-day schools are not widespread.According to John Elster (2000), the actions of an organization are determined firstly by opportunities and then by interests. Opportunities are determined by economic, institutional, and psychological constraints. The aim of this study is to analyze the institutional limitations of establishing an all-day school. Elinor Ostrom (2009) argues that the whole set of institutions that determine the situation of action (in our case, the establishment or non-establishment of an all-day school) can be divided into 7 groups: boundaries, positions, choices, aggregation, information, potential outcomes, and payoff institutions. The institutional limitations of all-day school establishment were analyzed in the study using a qualitative content analysis of documents on the principle of axial coding, distinguishing subcategories and categories. The results of the study showed that institutional constraints do not limit access to an all-day school, but there is a high concentration of power, lack of accountability for service quality, and parental costs that may limit access to services for children from lower-income families with the greatest social and economic disadvantages.
Editorial Board and Table of Contents Eugenijus Dunajevas
STEPP: socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika (Online),
12/2022, Letnik:
25
Journal Article
PDF
