Background
Treatment with onabotulinumtoxin A (BT-A) is safe and effective for chronic migraine (CM). Several studies assessed possible predictors of response to treatment with BT-A, but there is ...little knowledge on the frequency and predictors of sustained response. The aim of this study was to evaluate sustained response to BT-A in patients with CM.
Main body
In this prospective open-label study, 115 patients with CM and treated with BT-A were consecutively enrolled in two Italian headache centers and followed up for 15 months. Anytime responders were defined as those patients who achieved a ≥ 50% reduction in headache days during any three-month treatment cycle compared with the 3 months prior to initiation of BT-A treatment. Sustained responders were defined as those who achieved a ≥ 50% reduction in headache days within the third treatment cycle and maintained response until the end of follow-up. Non-responders were defined as those patients who never achieved a ≥ 50% reduction in headache days during the follow-up. Headache characteristics prior to BT-A treatment were assessed in order to evaluate their ability in predicting treatment response.
The 115 enrolled patients (84.3% female; median age 50 years) had a median migraine duration of 30 years (interquartile range 22–38). At the end of follow-up, 66 patients (57.4%) were classified as anytime responders. Among the 51 patients who achieved a clinical response within the third month of treatment, 33 (64.7%) were sustained responders. Patients with sustained response had a lower CM duration (median 31 vs 65 months;
P
= 0.030) and a lower number of headache days (median 25 vs 30;
P
= 0.013) at baseline compared with non-responders.
Conclusions
About two thirds of patients who gain ≥50% response to BT-A within the third cycle of treatment maintain this positive response over time. More recent onset of CM and more headache-free days at baseline are associated with sustained response. We suggest not to delay preventive treatment of CM with BT-A, in order to increase the likelihood to achieve sustained clinical response.
Recent studies estimated an incidence of 4–25% of disease rebound after withdrawal of fingolimod (FTY) for any reason, but specific data on disease reactivation after FTY withdrawal due to pregnancy ...are limited. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and predictors of disease reactivation in patients who stopped FTY for pregnancy. A multicentre retrospective cohort study was conducted in four Italian MS centres in 2013–2019. Both planned and unplanned pregnancies were included. The annualized relapse rate (ARR) was calculated before FTY treatment, during FTY treatment, during pregnancy and during the year after delivery. In total, 27 patients (mean age 29 years) were included. The ARR 1 year before FTY treatment was 1.3. Patients were exposed to FTY for a median of 2.9 years. The ARR was 0.04 during the last year before conception (
p
< 0.001 compared with the ARR before FTY treatment). Eleven patients became pregnant after a mean of 88 days following FTY discontinuation, whereas 16 patients stopped FTY after pregnancy confirmation. Relapses were observed in 22% of patients during pregnancy and in 44% in the postpartum period. ARR increased both during pregnancy (0.49; p = 0.027) and in the first year after delivery (0.67;
p
< 0.001) compared to the last year before pregnancy. Compared with radiological assessment before pregnancy, more patients showed new or enlarging T2 lesions (63% vs 30%;
p
= 0.02) and gadolinium-enhancing lesions (44% vs 0;
p
= 0.0001) on brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Relapses during pregnancy were the only significant predictor for postpartum relapses (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.11–3.1). One case of spontaneous abortion and no cases of abnormal foetal development were observed. Despite adequate and prolonged control of disease activity, women who discontinue FTY because of pregnancy are at risk for disease reactivation. In patients who relapsed during pregnancy, the initiation of high-efficacy disease modifying drugs (DMDs) soon after delivery is advisable to prevent postpartum relapses.
Visual processing of color and shape in people with leprosy Soares Perla Figueredo Carreiro; Jackson Oliveira, Andrade Michael; Andrade Sefora Luana Evangelista ...
Psicologia, reflexão e crítica,
12/2020, Letnik:
33, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The aim of this study was to analyze the contrast sensitivity of spatial luminance and the color discrimination thresholds of the protan, deutan, and tritan axes of people with leprosy. This study ...included 8 subjects with leprosy (M = 4, W = 4, M = 33.38 ± 8.7) and 8 healthy subjects (M = 4, W = 4, M = 30.89 ± 5.8). The contrast sensitivity was evaluated by the Metropsis software version 11.0 with vertical sinusoidal grids of frequencies of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 16 cycles per degree of visual angle (cpd) and color vision by the desaturated Lanthony D15 tests and the trivector and ellipse protocols of the Cambridge Color Test. The results showed significant differences between the groups in the processing of spatial frequencies of 0.2 (U = 14; p = .018); 5.0 (U = 45.0; p = .001); 10.0 (U = 45.0; p = .001), and 16.0 (U = 45.0; p = .001) cpd. The difference in color recognition through D15d (U = 4.0; p = .002). Ellipse 2 (U = 10.0; p = .012) and ellipse 3 (U = 9.0; p = .009) were discriminated against. Overall, the results indicate that leprosy changes the visual processing of low, medium, and high spatial frequencies, as well as the sensitivity of the short wavelength (tritan line of confusion) and long (protan line of confusion) cones.
Objetivo: analisar os fatores relacionados ao retardo do diagnóstico da tuberculose (TB) em idosos em um dos municípios da região metropolitana de João Pessoa/Paraíba-Brasil, avaliando-os sob a ...dimensão porta de entrada. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, com participação de sete pessoas idosas. Os relatos foram coletados mediante entrevista e submetidos à análise de conteúdo em 2010 e 2011. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa, no. 0589/2008. Resultados: atenção básica em saúde (ABS) não se configurou como principal porta de entrada dos idosos para o diagnóstico da tuberculose no município estudado, revelando que sua organização apresenta fragilidades referentes às ações de saúde, ao acesso e ao vínculo, que interferem na sua busca como porta de entrada. Conclusão: exige-se uma nova lógica do processo de trabalho em que as práticas de saúde priorizem tecnologias que potencializem acolhimento e vínculo, de modo que seja abreviada a confirmação diagnóstica e o início do tratamento da TB. ABSTRACT Objective: to examine the factors related to late diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) among the elderly in a town in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil, and evaluate them in relation to the system gateway. Method: in this qualitative study with the participation of seven elderly individuals, data were collected by semi-structured interview and analyzed by thematic content analysis. The study was approved by the research ethics committee (Protocol No. 0589/2008). Results: primary health care (PHC) did not figure as the main gateway for the elderly for diagnosis of tuberculosis in the city studied, revealing that PHC organization suffers from weaknesses relating to health actions, access and bonding, which interfere with the utilization of PHC as a gateway. Conclusion: a new work process logic is required in which health practices prioritize technologies that potentiate reception and bonding, for earlier confirmation of diagnosis and start of TB treatment. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores relacionados al retardo del diagnóstico de la tuberculosis (TB) en ancianos en uno de los municipios de la región metropolitana de João Pessoa/Paraíba-Brasil, evaluándolos bajo la dimensión puerta de entrada. Método: investigación cualitativa, con participación de siete personas ancianas. Los relatos fueron recolectados mediante entrevista semidirigida y analizados por la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética y Pesquisa con número de protocolo 0589/2008. Resultados: el atendimiento básico de salud (ABS) no se configuró como principal puerta de entrada de los ancianos para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis en el municipio estudiado, revelándose que la organización del ABS presenta fragilidades referentes a las acciones de salud, al acceso y al vínculo, que interfieren en su búsqueda como puerta de entrada. Conclusión: se exige una nueva lógica del proceso de trabajo en que las prácticas de salud prioricen tecnologías que potencialicen acogida y vínculo, de modo que sea abreviada la confirmación diagnosticada y el inicio del tratamiento de la TB.
To analyze the structure of the social network of people living with HIV and AIDS.
Exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach, developed through interviews with twenty-two ...people living with HIV and AIDS, from November to December 2019. For analysis, the theoretical-methodological framework of social network was used.
The primary networks were of medium size and low density, formed by family members, relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues. The secondary networks were characterized by public, private, third sector institutions, workplaces, and by the informal network, which provided support according to the need for care.
The family was considered the center of the primary social network structure; however, weaknesses in these social relationships were evidenced. The family relational context of the person with HIV and AIDS was influenced by the secrecy of the diagnosis due to the fear of prejudice and discrimination for being HIV-positive. There was a predilection for the services of the secondary social network that took on the role of specific care for the disease.
Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as barreiras ao diagnóstico da tuberculose em idosos relacionadas aos serviços de saúde no município de João Pessoa-PB. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que ...envolveu sete pessoas idosas doentes de tuberculose. Entrevistas foram utilizadas para coletar informações. O material empírico foi organizado com o software Atlas.tiversão 6.0 e analisado conforme a técnica de análise de discurso. As barreiras relacionadas ao acesso para confirmação diagnóstica foram: horário de funcionamento das unidades de saúde da família; transferência de responsabilidades; visitas domiciliares sem controle de comunicantes; demora do serviço de saúde em suspeitar da doença e repetidas idas do doente ao serviço de saúde para a obtenção do diagnóstico. Apesar de terem sido identificadas barreiras comuns às encontradas por doentes de tuberculose de um modo geral, em virtude da vulnerabilidade dos idosos, sugerem-se que ações de controle sejam empreendidas pelos serviços de saúde de modo a evitar que a doença torne-se um agravo comum para essa população.
Background
Rare primary headaches are mainly included in Chapters 3, Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, and 4, Other primary headache disorders, Part One of the International Classification of ...Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Epidemiological data are scarce, mostly emerging from case series or small studies, with the exception of cluster headache. In order to overcome the knowledge gap about rare primary headaches, the RegistRare Network was launched in 2017 to promote research in the field.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study including patients who, from April 30, 2014 to May 1, 2017, visited seven Italian tertiary Headache Centres, was undertaken to estimate in that clinical setting prevalence and incidence of headaches included in Chapters 3 and 4, Part One of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Prevalent headache is defined as a headache recorded within the study timeframe, regardless of when the diagnosis was made. Incident headache is defined as a headache diagnosed for the first time in the patient during the study period.
Results
Twenty thousand and eighty-three patients visited the participating centres, and 822 (4.1%) prevalent cases, of which 461 (2.3%) were incident cases, were registered. Headaches listed in Chapter 3 affected 668 patients, representing 81.3% of the total number of prevalent cases. Headaches listed in Chapter 4 affected 154 patients and represent 18.7% of the total number of prevalent cases. Cluster headaches represent the most frequently diagnosed rare headaches (70.4%). For 13 entities out of 20, no cases were registered in more than 50% (n ≥ 4) of the centres, and for 14 entities more than 50% of diagnoses were incident.
Conclusions
This large, multicentre study gives the first wide-ranging snapshot of the burden in clinical practice of rare headaches and confirms that cooperative networks are necessary to study rare headaches, as their prevalence is often very low. The launch of a disease registry by the RegistRare Network will favour research in this neglected population of headache patients.
Trial registration
NCT03416114.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
9.
Visual processing of color and shape in people with leprosy Soares, Perla Figueredo Carreiro; Andrade, Michael Jackson Oliveira; Andrade, Sefora Luana Evangelista ...
Psicologia, reflexão e crítica,
07/2020, Letnik:
33, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The aim of this study was to analyze the contrast sensitivity of spatial luminance and the color discrimination thresholds of the protan, deutan, and tritan axes of people with leprosy. This study ...included 8 subjects with leprosy (M = 4, W = 4, M = 33.38 ± 8.7) and 8 healthy subjects (M = 4, W = 4, M = 30.89 ± 5.8). The contrast sensitivity was evaluated by the Metropsis software version 11.0 with vertical sinusoidal grids of frequencies of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 16 cycles per degree of visual angle (cpd) and color vision by the desaturated Lanthony D15 tests and the trivector and ellipse protocols of the Cambridge Color Test. The results showed significant differences between the groups in the processing of spatial frequencies of 0.2 (
U
= 14;
p
= .018); 5.0 (
U
= 45.0;
p
= .001); 10.0 (
U
= 45.0;
p
= .001), and 16.0 (
U
= 45.0;
p
= .001) cpd. The difference in color recognition through D15d (
U
= 4.0;
p
= .002). Ellipse 2 (
U
= 10.0;
p
= .012) and ellipse 3 (
U
= 9.0;
p
= .009) were discriminated against. Overall, the results indicate that leprosy changes the visual processing of low, medium, and high spatial frequencies, as well as the sensitivity of the short wavelength (tritan line of confusion) and long (protan line of confusion) cones.
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