For long time, organic acids were underestimated. However, during last two decades there is an increasing interest of natural compounds having antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory ...properties thus organic acids are very preferable. Wine stands as one of the sources of organic acids since they are responsible for its organoleptic and aesthetic character. Nevertheless, it is important to not exceed acceptable level of acidity at particular stage of vinification process. Therefore its determination and quantification is of high importance. Given study gathers data regarding current knowledge with respect to organic acids, focusing on their occurrence in different types of food including wines, their properties and effects on the human body, potential correlations between organic acids and other components of wine. Moreover, the comparison of analytical techniques used for the organic acids determination and challenges, considering their process and green assessment is provided.
•Organic acids are abundant in grapes and thus in wine samples.•Organic acids have favorable properties for human health and food quality keeping.•Grapes species and wine making technology influence the content of OAs in wines.•CE and HPLC are mostly applied for the OAs determination.•Green assessment of analytical techniques used for wine analysis is provided.
Metal ions contribute to the wine browning (as reaction catalysts), turbidity (in complexes), and astringency (due to interaction with tannins). Being aware that bioavailability and metabolism of ...metal ions in the human body are strictly related with their concentration and the form they occur it is important to monitor not only the total content of metals but also their speciation. Thus, we can obtain more information about their potential toxicity to human health. Present research shows the application of fast size exclusion chromatography (Fast-SEC) coupled to ICP-MS for the evaluation of the distribution of elements in different sized complexes in Polish wine. The study was focused on the selected ten elements (Al, B, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn). Additional information of this work was the evaluation of the metal complex stability over time. Based on the obtained results, it can be seen that metal complexes present in the studied wine samples are stable even 10 months after the wine bottle opening.
Graphical abstract
This study presents the application of one of the tools from the multicriteria decision analysis set (MCDA), the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Selected ...green analytical chemistry metrics were used to rank analytical procedures for the phthalate determination in disposable baby diapers. Nine analytical procedures were assessed in order to find one that has the lowest environmental impact and the best analytical figures of merit. Nine different criteria, where weighting was based on the experts’ evaluation, were used in the procedures’ assessment. With the use of TOPSIS, an easy and straightforward technique, selection of the most appropriate procedure was made.
Polyphenols, organic acids and metal ions are an important group of compounds that affect the human health and quality of food and beverage products, including wines. It is known that a specific ...correlation between these groups exist. While wines coming from the New World and the Old World countries are extensively studied, wines coming from cool-climate countries are rarely discussed in the literature. One of the goals of this study was to determine the elemental composition of the wine samples, which later on, together as polyphenols and organic acids content, was used as input data for chemometric analysis. The multivariate statistical approach was applied in order to find specific correlations between the selected group of compounds in the cool-climate wines and the features that distinguish the most and differ between red and white wines and rosé wines. Moreover, special attention was paid to resveratrol and its correlation with selected wine constituents.
Scientists are increasingly interested in the viticulture concept of terroir, which states that unique properties of wine are strictly related to the environmental conditions under which grapes are ...cultivated. The aim of the research was to compare the parameters characterizing wines produced in Poland, such as pH, conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), and concentration of anions (F
−
, Cl
−
, NO
2
−
, NO
3
−
, PO
4
3−
, SO
4
2−
). It was shown that red wines were characterized by higher acidity and higher concentration of fluoride ions compared to white wines. All wine samples were characterized by a high concentration of phosphate ions which is associated with the process of soil fertilization with phosphorus compounds. A tentative chemometric analysis was performed in order to examine the correlations between the determined parameters. The results were compared in terms of the effect of soil type on the concentration of compounds contained in wine, and the pH and conductivity parameters. The analysis has shown that the soil in which the grapevines grow has a significant impact on the values of selected parameters and on the content of selected chemical compounds.
Graphic abstract
Due to important role of metals in the vinification process as well as their impact on the human health, their content in this alcoholic beverage has been extensively studied by many researchers. It ...is already known that speciation of metals determines their toxicity and bioavailability as well as influences their activity. Understanding the chemistry and knowing the structures of metal complexes could have relevant influence on more effective approaches for prevention of some diseases including cancer. Thus, monitoring and studying the metal complexation process, structures of metal complexes present in wine, as well as their stability, is crucial.
In this review the main developments in the metal complex identification in wine samples are described. The study emphasizes metal complexes with two ligand groups such as polyphenols and organic acids as a group of compounds well known for their health-beneficial nature.
Complexity of the wine matrix related with the presence of numerous organic compounds makes the examination of wine in the context of metal complexes identification a highly challenging task. Metals and metal complexes are present in low concentrations, which can potentially cause interferences during an analytical process. Currently, the most promising technique that can be used for metal complex identification is ESI-MS coupled with separation technique such as liquid chromatography.
•Metals play an important role in vinification process.•Speciation of metals influence their toxicity and bioavailability.•Identification of metal-binding ligands in wine is a subject of interest currently.•Sample preparation is crucial to avoid metal-complex damage or artefacts formation.•ESI-MS is a promising tool that can be applied for this purpose.
Resveratrol is a compound synthesized by plants in response to unfavorable conditions of growth like mechanical injury, siege of bacteria or fungi and UV exposure. It is concentrated mostly in grapes ...skin and further more in the products made from grapes especially red wines. Each wine is characterized by different amount of given stilbene since its occurrence is affected by many factors like: types of grapes, environment (climate, soil, region) and winemaking technologies. Due to its health beneficial effects, people are very interested in resveratrol and its activity to deal with some diseases. Therefore, its determination and quantification is of high importance. However, the complexity of wine matrix makes its analysis very challenging. The study provides data of the resveratrol occurrence in different types of fruits and wines, regarding region they come from and comparison of analytical techniques and challenges taking into account their process and green assessment.
•Health beneficial effect of the resveratrol has been reported.•Occurrence and metabolism has been provided.•The importance of determination and quantification, using analytical technique has been presented.•Comparisons, greenness assessment of analytical techniques used in wine sample matrices analysis have been provided.•The challenges in the range the analytical techniques used for wine sample matrices have been presented.
In the near future, Poland is going to have more and more favorable conditions for viticulture. Organic acids and polyphenols are among the most commonly analyzed compounds due to their beneficial ...properties for human health and their importance in the winemaking process. In this work, a new technique involving ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction of porous membrane-packed liquid samples (UASE-PMLS) was for the first time described and applied for real samples. The methodology based on UASE-PMLS for organic acids and polyphenols in wine samples was optimized and validated. Using the new technique coupled to GC-MS, organic acids and polyphenols were evaluated in Polish wine samples. Extraction solvent, extraction temperature, derivatization time and sample pH were optimized. Chemometric tools were used for data treatment. Good linearity was obtained for the concentration ranges evaluated with
values between 0.9852 and 0.9993. All parameters of method validation (intra- and inter-day precision and matrix effect) were over 80% with coefficient of variation (CV) up to 17%. Recovery was between (92.0 ± 8.5)% and (113 ± 16)%. Finally, green assessment was evaluated using Analytical Eco-Scale and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI). The UASE-PMLS is characterized by many advantages, e.g., the extraction process is fast and easy coupled to GC-MS. Regarding other extraction techniques, the amount of used solvent is minimum, and no waste is generated. Therefore, it is an environmentally friendly technique.
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