Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common type of cancer in women and is the third leading cause of death in most developing countries, causing more than 288,000 deaths in women worldwide each year. ...The most favourable survival rate is in developed countries, since CC mortality has recently declined in those countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival rate and associated factors of CC patients at a reference hospital in the Amazon region. The patient sample included records of 339 patients with cervical cancer who had been hospitalized in Belém, Pará, Brazil from January 2005 to December 2010; the socioeconomic and clinical data were collected between June and September 2016. A survival rate of approximately 84% was observed, and it was found that disease stage (p <0.01), metastasis (p <0.01) and readmission (p <0.01) had significant influences on patient outcome. The impact of these factors on the general survival rate was higher in the Amazon region compared with other regions of Brazil, and the primary survival factors were associated with earlier stages of the disease. However, more national studies are needed on this subject. Our findings may contribute to the development of regional strategies for the prevention of cervical cancer, a reduction in its incidence and mortality rate, an increase in survival time and an improvement in the quality of life of these women.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•The burden of incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in Latin. America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries remain high.•In this meta-analysis, we observed that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori ...infection was 57.57% in LAC.•This infection was found in early ages (childhood) and during the whole studied period evaluated.
To describe the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Latin Americaand the Caribbean (LAC), through systematic review and meta-analysis by age groups and gender.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the population-based observational epidemiological studies carried out in LAC, focused on the prevalence of H. pylori and published until March, 2018. The databases utilized in the search were MEDLINE, SCIELO andPUBMED. The prevalence described in the meta-analysis and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by the random effects model, and weighted by the size of the study.
The 22 selected studies were carried out in 14 countries of LAC, and included 24,178 individuals. The studies were conducted between 1987 and 2012, and all were representative of at least one city. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 57.57% (CI95%:50.43;64.72) for all ages; in children and adolescents the prevalence was 48.36% (CI95%:38.03;58.70) and in adults 69.26%(CI95%:64.54;76.99). No differences were observed regarding sex.
Prevalence of H. pylori infection in LAC is high for all age groups. These data reinforce the necessity of actions towards the prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection for all age groups. Treating H pylori infection in young ages probably will reduce gastric cancer incidence in the future.
Polyphenol intake has been associated with a decreased risk of some types of cancer, including gastric cancer (GC). However, few studies address this topic in the Latin American population. In the ...present study, we evaluated the association between polyphenol intake and the risk of GC in the Brazilian Amazon region.
A case-control study was conducted in Belém (Amazon region) from July 2017 to February 2021. A total of 193 GC cases and 194 controls of both sexes, between 18 and 75 years old, were included in the study. Dietary data were collected using a validated food-frequency questionnaire and polyphenol intake identified using the Phenol-Explorer database. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with adjustement for potential confounders.
Cases and controls had similar total polyphenol intake (356.4 mg/1000 kcal/d and 331.1 mg/1000 kcal/d, respectively; p = 0.086). After adjusting for potential confounders, high consumption of flavan-3-ols (highest vs. lowest tertile: OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.94) and hydroxybenzoic acids (highest vs. lowest tertile: OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.10–0.56) was associated with a decreased risk of GC. The opposite was true regarding the intake of flavones (OR 2.46, 95% IC 1.17–5.18) and other polyphenols (OR 2.54, 95% IC 1.16–5.54). When stratifying according to anatomical topography, we observed that the intake of total flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and flavanones reduced the risk of cardia GC while that of hydroxybenzoic acids reduced the risk of non-cardia GC. In addition, the intake of flavones and other polyphenols was associated with an increased risk of non-cardia GC. According to histologic subtypes, hydroxybenzoic acid intake was associated with a reduced risk of intestinal-type GC (OR 0.21, 95% IC 0.07–0.64), while flavone consumption was associated with an increased risk of diffuse-type GC (OR 2.59, 95% IC 1.05–6.42).
Our findings suggest that in the Brazilian Amazon region the high intake of flavan-3-ols and hydroxybenzoic acids is associated with a reduced risk of GC, suggesting a potential beneficial role of these compounds against GC.
•It is a pioneer study in rating association between phenol intake and GC in Brazil.•Flavan-3-ols and hydroxybenzoic acids decreased the chance of GC overall.•The high intake of total flavonoids and flavanones decreased the chance of cardia GC.•Μay be a strategy to reduce risk of GC is increase of foods rich in phenols intake.
Phenolic compound consumption may have a protective effect against gastric cancer (GC). Most GC studies focus on the flavonoids class, but results are conflicting and knowledge gaps remain for other ...classes and total polyphenol intake. This study aimed to assess the association between polyphenol intake (total, flavonoids, and other classes) and GC.
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, and OpenGrey databases were searched for studies published up to 20 March 2022. Case-control and cohort studies analyzing the association between polyphenol intake and GC were included. For the meta-analysis, pooled summary estimates were calculated using a random-effects model, and the estimates extracted adjusted for most variables. Subgroup analyses were performed for subclass (e.g., flavonoids and other classes), sex, geographical area, study design, anatomical subtype, histological subtype, family history of GC and fruit and/or vegetable intake. The study was registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42022306014).
The search identified 2752 records, of which 19 studies published during the period 1999-2021 including a total of 1,197,857 subjects were eligible. Polyphenol consumption reduced GC risk by 29% (RR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.62-0.81; I
= 60.5%); while flavonoid intake decreased GC risk by 28% (RR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85; I
= 64.3%), similar to the reduction fort other classes (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.54-0.79; I
= 72.0%). Protective effects against GC were observed in both sexes (male, RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67-0.94, I
= 31.6%; female, RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.48-0.87, I
= 49.7%) and for intestinal subtype (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.52-0.82, I
= 0.0%). By continent, polyphenol consumption reduced GC risk in both Europe (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.57-0.79, I
= 44.2%) and Asia (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51-0.89, I
= 60.7%).
Dietary polyphenol intake decreased GC risk. The reduction was greatest in females. Most previous studies were carried out in Europe and Asia. Further studies investigating polyphenol consumption and GC in Latin American populations are warranted.
This study aimed to analyze the prognosis of women with breast cancer by molecular subtypes, sociodemographic variables, and clinical and treatment characteristics.
This hospital-based retrospective ...cohort study analyzed 1,654 women over 18 years of age diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 2000 to 2018. Data were extracted from Brazil's Oncocenter Foundation of São Paulo. The variables analyzed were age, histology, molecular subtypes, clinical staging, treatment type, and diagnosis-to-treatment time. Cox regression analysis was applied to estimate death risk.
Women with HER-2-positive (nonluminal) and triple-negative molecular subtypes were more than twice more likely to be at risk of death, with adjusted hazard ratio - HRadj=2.30 (95% confidence interval - 95%CI 1.34-3.94) and HRadj=2.51 (95%CI 1.61-3.92), respectively. A delayed treatment associated with an advanced clinical stage at diagnosis increased fourfold the risk of death (HRadj=4.20 (95%CI 2.36-7.49).
In summary, besides that interaction between advanced clinical stage and longer time between diagnosis and treatment, HER-2-positive (nonluminal) and triple-negative phenotypes were associated with a worse prognosis. Therefore, actions to reduce barriers in diagnosis and treatment can provide better outcome, even in aggressive phenotypes.
•Patients presenting periodontal disease increased the risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma by 17 %.•The association remained regardless of the diagnostic method for periodontal disease, i.e., ...clinical examination and self-report.•Moreover, Asian patients with periodontal disease had a higher risk of having gastric adenocarcinoma than American and European patients.
The oral cavity is a link between of external environment with gastrointestinal tract. Studies are controversial on the presence of Periodontal Disease (PD) and its association with Gastric Adenocarcinoma (GAC).
The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the association between PD and GAC. Six electronic databases were evaluated between 1961 and 2022. Titles and abstracts were reviewed independently according to the eligibility criteria, assessing full texts of selected studies. The quality of the included research was verified using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control and cohort studies. Statistical analyses were performed based on fixed and/or random effects models to calculate the summarized Relative Risk (RR) and its 95 % Confidence Interval (95 % CI).
There were 639 studies, of which nine articles were included (3 case-controls and 6 cohorts). Overall, the authors identified 1,253 cases of GAC 2,501 controls in case-control studies, and 1,631 patients with GAC enrolled in cohort studies. Patients presenting PD increased the risk of developing GAC by 17 % (RR=1.17; 95 % CI 1.03‒1.32), which remained regardless of the diagnostic method for PD, i.e., clinical examination (RR = 1.19; 95 % CI 1.14‒1.24) and self-report (RR = 1.34; 95 % CI 1.06‒1.69). Moreover, Asian patients (RR=1.17; 95 % CI 1.00‒1.36) with PD had a higher risk of having GAC than American and European patients (RR = 1.18; 95 % CI 0.84‒1.66).
The presence of PD the risk of GAC suggesting that its infectious-inflammatory process of PD may be related to GAC development. Further investigations on the oral-gastric microbiota and its role in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer should be carried out, and the screening of patients with potential risk for GAC should be considered in the clinical practice of dentists.
TRANSTORNO OBSESSIVO-COMPULSIVO (TOC) E NEUROIMAGEM Cardozo, Jhessyka Burgatti; Coelho, Giovanna Nunes Vrech; França, Weudson Cabral de ...
Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences,
02/2024, Letnik:
6, Številka:
2
Journal Article
As técnicas avançadas de neuroimagem têm desempenhado um papel fundamental na elucidação das alterações cerebrais no Transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC). Essas descobertas não só ampliam a ...compreensão da fisiopatologia do TOC, mas abrem caminho para o desenvolvimento de intervenções terapêuticas mais eficazes e personalizadas. À medida que são aprimoradas as habilidades em neuroimagem, pode-se esperar uma compreensão cada vez mais refinada das bases neurobiológicas dos transtornos psiquiátricos, como o TOC, oferecendo esperança e oportunidades para uma melhor qualidade de vida para aqueles que sofrem com essas condições. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as alterações cerebrais associadas ao TOC usando técnicas avançadas de neuroimagem. Diante disso, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Medline. Após análise qualitativa dos resultados, concluiu-se que as técnicas avançadas de neuroimagem fornecem evidências objetivas das alterações cerebrais associadas ao Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo (TOC), contribuindo para uma compreensão mais profunda das bases neurais do transtorno e destacando o papel crucial dessas técnicas na investigação e desenvolvimento de estratégias de diagnóstico e tratamento.
Introdução: Leucemias são neoplasias decorrentes de mutações em uma única célula tronco, gerando proliferação desenfreada nos clones neoplásicos e alterações em sangue periférico. São ...subclassificadas de acordo com o precursor afetado e a linhagem hematológica deste precursor. A LLA é a neoplasia mais frequente em crianças, e apresenta alterações nos linfoblastos, precursores iniciais da linhagem linfóide. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura com critérios de exclusão de artigos de revisão, sem ligação com o tema e publicados anteriormente à 2007. Resultado: Foram pré-selecionados 9 artigos, dos quais 6 foram utilizados, além de 1 livro acadêmico. Discussão: O clone neoplásico da LLA prolifera-se indiscriminadamente na medula óssea, substituindo o parênquima medular em sua totalidade. O pico de LLA em crianças ocorre entre 2-4 anos. O diagnóstico é feito a partir da análise de exames como o hemograma, que apresenta a tríade leucêmica, mielograma e análises modernas como a imunofenotipagem e a citogenética. Os principais fatores prognósticos da LLA são a idade, o imunofenótipo e a presença de alterações citogenéticas. A LLA corresponde a 25% dos cânceres na infância, sendo ainda 80% de todos os quadros infantis de leucemia. Considerações finais: Através da construção do presente artigo, foi possível demonstrar os aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais da LLA, além de evidenciar a importante prevalência desta neoplasia em crianças.
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