El aumento de la esperanza de vida producido en las últimas cinco décadas lleva parejo un incremento del espectro visible de los trastornos neurocognitivos mayores (TNM), entre los que destaca la ...enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) como la entidad clínica más prevalente. Actualmente, no existe un tratamiento eficaz para estas patologías, siendo los enfoques biomédicos necesariamente complementados con terapias no farmacológicas, provenientes de diferentes disciplinas psicológicas y socioeducativas, entre las que la educación social (ES) comienza a hacerse presente. No obstante, sus prácticas son todavía poco visibles, precisándose de mayores esfuerzos en materia de investigación y transferencia. El objetivo de este estudio es describir y analizar la intervención socioeducativa que los profesionales de la ES realizan con las personas afectadas por EA u otro ENM. Complementariamente, se analizará el grado de inserción laboral en el ámbito gerontológico. El presente estudio responde a un diseño observacional descriptivo transversal, con metodología mixta, utilizando la técnica cualitativa Delphi a partir de un panel de expertos configurado por 25 participantes y un enfoque más cuantitativo mediante encuesta dirigida a todos los centros gerontológicos de Galicia. Los resultados reflejan que los profesionales de la ES presentan una importante inserción laboral en los centros gerontológicos y, particularmente, en los dispositivos de atención a personas afectadas por EA u otro TNM. Su actuación es muy heterogénea, tanto por la diversidad de áreas en las que intervienen, como por los colectivos a los que las direcciona. Persisten, sin embargo, limitaciones que interfieren el adecuado desarrollo de la carrera profesional de los ES, motivadas por la ausencia de una regulación laboral, la falta de clarificación de sus funciones y por la escasa formación en este ámbito de intervención. Asimismo, se ha constatado una presencia limitada de investigaciones publicadas sobre la temática.
Introduction: metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women can improve with a healthy diet. Objectives: to evaluate whether a dietary intervention with dairy products naturally enriched with selenium ...and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increases selenium plasma levels and improves cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: a randomized, triple-blind, controlled clinical trial carried out in GP surgeries. Recruitment: April 2018, 46 postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome who were frequent dairy consumers. Randomization: 23 in control group and 23 in experimental group. Intervention: consumption of dairy products naturally enriched with selenium and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (milk, yogurt, fresh cheese) for three months. Controls took conventional dairy. Primary endpoint: plasma selenium levels; secondary endpoints: metabolic syndrome criteria. Registration number 2018/256, Galicia Ethics Committee. Results: in all, 23 women in the control group and 21 in the intervention group completed the trial. Selenium increased in the intervention group (7.2 µg/L, 95 % CI, 3.7/10.8) compared to the control group (-4.5 µg/L, 95 % CI, -8/-1) (p < 0.001) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (-2.3 mg/dL, 95 % CI, -5.6/1) compared to the control group (1.9 mg/dL, 95 % CI, -0.7/4.5) (p = 0.043). Waist circumference (p = 0.010), body mass index (p = 0.047) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001) in the experimental group improved in comparison to baseline measurements. Conclusions: an intervention with dairy products naturally enriched with selenium and omega-3 in a sample of postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome can improve plasma selenium levels and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
More and more studies indicate that leisure plays a fundamental role in active ageing. Our study describes the current leisure patterns of older adults, comparing them with other age groups. ...Consequently, 445 adults, stratified by age (young, middle-aged and older adults), were selected and subsequently administered a set of tests. The results indicate that older people claim having more time for their leisure activities; however, the diversity of activities performed is lower, showing a negative gradient based on age. The leisure patterns of older people reflect a predominance of passive leisure, little cultural leisure time and moderate levels of social and physical leisure activities. Older people’s leisure seems to be influenced by ageist stereotypes and attribution biases. Our findings imply that these results could be used to design and implement programs aimed at promoting leisure styles that contribute to increase active ageing.
Summary
At the beginning of their academic studies (testing phase), the quality of life and certain health‐related behaviors were evaluated. Four years later (retest phase), they were reevaluated. ...Between the two evaluation periods, a health promotion (HP) program was applied. The battery of instruments included measures: health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), alcoholic and nicotine dependence, eating habits, physical activity, and sexual behaviors. It also included a number of sociodemographic data. The results show that, in general, the students reported adequate levels of HRQOL, and there were no important differences between the two evaluation moments. Regarding dietary behavior, no significant changes were detected in the pattern of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, which remained at an average level of adequacy. On the contrary, significant decreases were detected in relation to alcohol and tobacco dependence as well as significant increases in physical activity levels. Lastly, with regard to sexual behavior, although certain aspects of improvement were perceived, there is a need to increase awareness of the systematic use of condoms. In conclusion, this study provides relevant information that will serve as a starting point for monitoring changes in health behaviors and for the design and implementation of HP actions directed at university students.
Road crime is one of the most prevalent types of crime, which is why more and more frequent offenders and repeat offenders enter prison convicted of serious crimes. The present study aimed to ...determine the clinical and sociodemographic profile of road offenders, trying to establish differences and relationships with other types of crime and with community drivers. The study involved 513 drivers, classified into four groups: inmates with crimes against road safety (CTRO); inmates with crimes against road safety and with another type of criminal history (CTRO&OO); prisoners convicted of other criminal offences (COO); community drivers with no criminal record (DWCR). All were given a battery of instruments that assessed personality traits, sensation-seeking, psychiatric symptomatology, alcohol dependence, aspects related to driving and sociodemographic data. The results reveal similar profiles, between the CTRO&OO groups and the COO, in personality, search for emotions and psychopathological symptoms and important differences between the groups of road offenders (CTRO AND CTRO&OO) and of these with the DWCR. The classification and regression tree identified as relevant predictors, the number of fines and traffic accidents, alcohol dependence and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. These data can be useful for the prevention and rehabilitation of offenders against road safety.
Significant changes have been applied to the regulation of criminal law concerning road traffic in Spain, in a similar way to many of the countries surrounding us. This has led to a gradual increase ...in the number of individuals who are convicted with custodial sentences or sentenced to community service. Nevertheless, the available data on the psychosocial traits of road traffic offence convicts is highly limited. The objective of this qualitative study is to provide more insight into those convicted of road traffic offences through the use of focus groups, thus enabling the analysis of their attitudes towards sentences related to road safety offences, opinions regarding their driving styles, the profile of convicts of road traffic offences and how they feel about being labelled as delinquents. The results of this study are particularly relevant with regards to improving the rehabilitation process of convicts of road safety offences.
•Significant changes have been applied to the regulation of criminal law concerning road traffic in Spain.•Road Traffic offenders had similar sociodemographic characteristics to other offenders.•The available data on the psychosocial traits of road traffic offence convicts is highly limited.•Alcohol dependence was highly prevalent in the group of road Traffic offenders.
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio consiste en profundizar en el fenómeno del sexting y en sus dinámicas de ciberviolencia dentro de las relaciones de pareja de adolescentes, para ello, se van a ...analizar los comportamientos de sexting, las estrategias empleadas, las justificaciones y las consecuencias del sexting en función del género y el lugar de procedencia. Mediante una metodología cualitativa se realizaron 20 grupos de discusión en los que participaron 222 adolescentes, un 54% chicas y un 46% chicos, con un rango de edad de los 14 a los 18 años de centros educativos de educación secundaria de España. Los resultados evidencian que el sexting es una práctica habitual en los adolescentes y también en el marco de una relación de pareja. Los que más contenido de sexting envían son los chicos y las chicas del medio urbano y los chicos del ámbito semi-rural y rural. Entre los motivos principales de los chicos para practicar sexting están lograr una relación sexual, mientras que las justificaciones de las chicas son tener o mantener una relación afectiva de pareja. Además, las peores consecuencias del sexting son para las chicas. Tanto chicos como chicas afirman ejercer violencia de control en línea sobre sus parejas afectivas, aunque son las chicas quienes más lo manifiestan. La desconfianza y los celos hacia la pareja son los principales motivos para ejercer este cibercontrol.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
En el presente estudio pretendemos analizar, en población adolescente escolarizada, la relación entre el ocio y consumo de alcohol, en función del género.Los resultados del estudio, realizado con ...1532 participantes, evidencian la importancia que el estilo de ocio tiene sobre el consumo y abuso de alcohol. En él, se aprecian diferencias en función del género en la prevalencia e intensidad de consumo. Estos datos son de utilidad, para el diseño e implementación de acciones preventivas.
Motivational processes and emotional self-regulation are relevant factors for predicting the practice of physical exercise and for certain health-related parameters. The aim of the present work, ...developed along two different phases, was, on the one hand, to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity and, on the other hand, to carry out a comparative analysis between physically active and inactive university students in relation to their motivational determinants, emotional self-regulation, physical condition, health-related quality of life and other health parameters. The results obtained showed a prevalence of physical inactivity of 12.78%. Physically inactive participants showed significantly lower scores in intrinsic motivation, emotion regulation, and in some dimensions of health-related quality of life, as well as significantly high levels of body fat mass. Lastly, logistic regression analysis identified low scores in Emotional Clarity (p= .009) and Identified Regulation (p = .011), and high scores in Amotivation (p = .006) as reliable predictors of a physically inactive lifestyle. These results are useful for the design and implementation of programs aimed at promoting health and physical activity, with special attention on physically inactive youth populations.
El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar la relación que existe entre la práctica religiosa y la identidad política con los conocimientos y actitudes viejistas.
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