Objective: To determine whether common variants in familial cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) genes confer risk of sporadic cerebral SVD. Methods: We meta-analyzed genotype data from individuals of ...European ancestry to determine associations of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 familial cerebral SVD genes (COL4A1, COL4A2, NOTCH3, HTRA1, TREX1, and CECR1) with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (deep, lobar, all;1,878 cases, 2,830 controls) and ischemic stroke (IS) (lacunar, cardioembolic, large vessel disease, all;19,569 cases, 37,853 controls). We applied data quality filters and set statistical significance thresholds accounting for linkage disequilibrium and multiple testing. Results: A locus in COL4A2 was associated (significance threshold p < 3.5 x 10(-4)) with both lacunar IS (lead SNP rs9515201: odds ratio OR 1.17, 95% confidence interval CI 1.11-1.24, p = 6.62 x 10(-8)) and deep ICH (lead SNP rs4771674: OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.13-1.44, p = 5.76 x 10(-5)). A SNP in HTRA1 was associated (significance threshold p < 5.5 x 10(-4)) with lacunar IS (rs79043147: OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10-1.37, p = 1.90 x 10(-4)) and less robustly with deep ICH. There was no clear evidence for association of common variants in either COL4A2 or HTRA1 with non-SVD strokes or in any of the other genes with any stroke phenotype. Conclusions: These results provide evidence of shared genetic determinants and suggest common pathophysiologic mechanisms of distinct ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebral SVD stroke phenotypes, offering new insights into the causal mechanisms of cerebral SVD.
Maintenance Management and Organization McComb, Sara A.; Duraccio, Vincenzo; Falcone, Domenico ...
Recent Advances in Maintenance and Infrastructure Management
Book Chapter
Maintenance management is a relatively new field and the corresponding body of knowledge is continuing to grow (Visser, 2002). For example, in Europe, two technical committees of the Comité Européen ...de Normalisation (CEN) are currently adding to the body of knowledge terminologies, guidance to prepare agreements, control systems for maintenance management, and other development directions (CEN, 2008). In particular, CEN Technical Committee 319 deals specifically with maintenance. They have published one standard (EN 15341) that provides maintenance management with the support of a control system (made up from more than 70 indicators) to achieve maintenance excellence and to competitively use technical assets, regardless of industry. Moreover, this committee has been addressing the issues of defining a maintenance management general framework (including buildings) through a standard currently in progress and identifying three very promising development directions (i.e., responsibilities in maintenance; identification, classification, and costs in maintenance actions; and maintenance in the healthcare industry).
PDF
