Spatio temporal media components for neurofeedback Jensen, Camilla B. Falk; Petersen, Michael Kai; Larsen, Jakob Eg ...
2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW),
2013-July
Conference Proceeding
A class of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) involves interfaces for neurofeedback training, where a user can learn to self-regulate brain activity based on real-time feedback. These particular ...interfaces are constructed from audio-visual components and temporal settings, which appear to have a strong influence on the ability to control brain activity. Therefore, identifying the different interface components and exploring their individual effects might be key for constructing new interfaces that support more efficient neurofeedback training. We discuss experiments involving two different designs of neurofeedback interfaces and suggest further research to clarify the influence of different audiovisual components and temporal settings on neurofeedback effect.
Learning about complex associations between pieces of information enables individuals to quickly adjust their expectations and develop mental models. Yet, the degree to which humans can learn ...higher-order information about complex associations is not well understood; nor is it known whether the learning process differs for social and non-social information. Here, we employ a paradigm in which the order of stimulus presentation forms temporal associations between the stimuli, collectively constituting a complex network structure. We examined individual differences in the ability to learn network topology for which stimuli were social versus non-social. Although participants were able to learn both social and non-social networks, their performance in social network learning was uncorrelated with their performance in non-social network learning. Importantly, social traits, including social orientation and perspective-taking, uniquely predicted the learning of social networks but not the learning of non-social networks. Taken together, our results suggest that the process of learning higher-order structure in social networks is independent from the process of learning higher-order structure in non-social networks. Our study design provides a promising approach to identify neurophysiological drivers of social network versus non-social network learning, extending our knowledge about the impact of individual differences on these learning processes. Implications for how people learn and adapt to new social contexts that require integration into a new social network are discussed.
Human peritoneal mesothelial cells were harvested from patients undergoing open or laparoscopic surgery for non-septic conditions using three different approaches: (1) from a peritoneal biopsy, (2) ...from peritoneal fluid, and (3) from lavage fluid collected from peritoneal cavity. When these different methods were compared, cells derived from peritoneal fluid or lavage were more likely to result in established cultures than those obtained from biopsies. The cells displayed morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of mesothelial cells. The cultured mesothelial cells produced tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 and type-2 (PAI-1 and PAI-2) during unstimulated conditions. Treatment with the proinflammatory mediators LPS and TNF-alpha resulted in an overall decreased fibrinolytic capacity with a decrease in the release of t-PA and an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2. TNF-alpha had a more profound effect than LPS, especially on the release of t-PA. This may be an important mechanism by which inflammatory mediators disrupt the fibrin degradation. In conclusion, peritoneal lavage is a convenient and reproducible source of mesothelial cells for culture.
A method to expose the circumflex coronary artery in its course in the atrioventricular groove is introduced. No special equipment or assistance is required. This method also can be applied to expose ...the obtuse marginal branches of the circumflex coronary artery. Adverse effects have not been observed.
In order to define temperature regimes that could benefit successful production of spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) juveniles, experiments with offspring from two different females were carried ...out. The larvae were fed a new formulated feed or a commercial start‐feed for marine fish, both of which have given high survival rates. In the first experiment newly hatched larvae were fed at constant 6 °C, 8 °C, 10 °C and 12 °C as well as at ambient seawater temperature (2.9–4.5 °C) during 63 days. High survival, 90% to 96%, was registered at ambient and most constant temperature regimes, whereas in the 12 °C groups survival was reduced to 80%. Growth rate (SGR) was very low, 1.8% day−1, at the low ambient temperatures. Growth rate was positively correlated with temperature and varied between 3.1% day−1 to 4.7% day−1, from 6 °C to 12 °C. In the second experiment, set up to include potential detrimental temperatures and study beneficial effects of a more restricted, elevated first‐feeding temperature regime, the larvae were fed at constant 8 °C, 10 °C, 12 °C, 14 °C and 16 °C until 30 days post hatch, followed by constant 8 °C for the next 33 days. In this experiment, low survival, 25% and 2.0%, was registered at 63 days post hatch when larvae were reared initially at 14 °C and 16 °C respectively. The survival of the larvae at the other temperature regimes varied from 47% to 64%, highest survival rate (64%) was found at 8 °C. The lowest specific growth rate, 2.6% day−1, was noted in the 16 °C group. At constant 8 °C to 14 °C (regulated to 8 °C), the SGR varied from 4.45% day−1 to 5.13% day−1. The larvae grew faster in the experiment when initially comparable temperatures (8 °C, 10 °C and 12 °C) were regulated to constant 8 °C after 30 days compared with the first experiment where feeding was carried out at the same constant temperatures (8 °C, 10 °C and 12 °C) during the whole experimental period.
To examine the effect of continuous fasting combined with prolonged, intermittent exercise on glucose homeostasis, 16 endurance-trained subjects, ranging in age from 18-21 years, were completely ...deprived of food during 81 h of field maneuvers. Water was supplied to avoid dehydration. Participants marched 10 h each night at an estimated intensity of 35-45% of mean VO2 max covering a total distance of 105 km, and had a relative rest during day time. Blood was sampled prior to the beginning of the march, at the end of 81 h, and after 24 h of recovery. Samples were analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, alanine, free fatty acids (FFA), and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB). Body weight decreased from a mean (+/- S.E.M.) of 73.0 +/- 0.6 kg at pre-march to 66.5 +/- 0.6 kg at 81 h of fasting (p less than 0.05), and remained unchanged at 24 h after march termination. Glucose, insulin, and alanine decreased, whereas FFA and 3-HB increased significantly at 81 h fast (p less than 0.05). Within 24 h of recovery all parameters changed significantly (p less than 0.05), approaching baseline values. The results indicate that in trained individuals under extreme survival conditions, as in the present study, blood glucose is maintained above hypoglycemic levels at the expense of fat and fat-derived substrates that become the main energy sources utilized.
Genital Herpes Beliefs: Implications for Sexual Health Royer, Heather Rhea, PhD, FNP-BC; Falk, Elizabeth C., MS, WHNP-BC; Heidrich, Susan M., PhD, RN
Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology,
04/2013, Letnik:
26, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract Study Objective Genital herpes (HSV) is exceedingly common in the United States and women are disproportionally affected. This study aims to describe young women's beliefs about HSV and ...examine the correlates of those beliefs. Design A 40-item Herpes Representation measure (HSV-RoSTD) and a demographic questionnaire were administered to a convenience sample of young women. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests and Pearson's correlations. Setting Four women's health clinics and one large state university. Participants 302 women aged 18-24 years. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Four dimensions of HSV representations (cause, identity, future perspective, and psychosocial consequences), age and STD testing history. Results Nearly all (98%) believed that HSV would result in genital sores and 68% believed they could tell if their sexual partner had HSV. Most (89%) understood the longevity of HSV; however, 30% believed that they could take a pill to get rid of the infection, and 15% indicated that it was likely they would die from HSV. Negative beliefs about the psychosocial impact of HSV were common as 95% indicated they would be depressed and 90% indicated concern about sex and partner notification. Those who were younger and those who had never been tested for STDs believed a genital herpes infection is highly symptomatic. Finally, negative beliefs about the psychosocial consequences of HSV were associated with beliefs about HSV being symptomatic, having a negative impact on future health, and being associated with sexual risk behaviors. Conclusions Young women have misconceptions about HSV, particularly regarding the symptomatology and the role of HSV medication. Noteworthy concerns about the negative psychosocial consequences of an HSV diagnosis were also raised, all of which have implications for young women's sexual health.
Self-reactive T cells populate the peripheral immune system, and likely form the reservoir from which autoreactive cells are derived. We analyzed a panel of self and non-self peptides presented by ...HLA-DR4, a class II molecule associated with autoimmunity, by immunization of mice transgenic for HLA-DR4. Significant structural avidity for T cell recognition, as measured by MHC class II tetramer binding to CD4 super(+) T cells was only observed in mice immunized with the non-self antigens. T cell hybridomas were generated from mice immunized with the naturally processed self-peptide hGAD65 (552-572) and also from mice immunized with an influenza-derived non-self epitope (HA 306-318). T cells specific for the self peptide failed to bind tetramers and exhibited low functional avidity as measured by the peptide concentration required to reach half-maximum proliferation values. In contrast, T cells specific for the non-self HA (306-318) peptide exhibited high structural and functional avidity profiles. As recently described in studies of murine CD8 super(+) T cell function, the predominance of low avidity recognition of self-peptide epitopes may be a characteristic feature of CD4 super(+) T cells responding to autoantigens.
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