Neck and shoulder disorders may be linked to the presence of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). These disorders can significantly impact a person's activities of daily living and ability to work. ...MTrPs can be involved with pain sensitization, contributing to acute or chronic neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this review was to synthesise evidence on the prevalence of active and latent MTrPs in subjects with neck and shoulder disorders.
We conducted an electronic search in five databases. Five independent reviewers selected observational studies assessing the prevalence of MTrPs (active or latent) in participants with neck or shoulder disorders. Two reviewers assessed risk of bias using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Subject characteristics and prevalence of active and latent MTrPs in relevant muscles was extracted from included studies.
Seven articles studying different conditions met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of MTrPs was compared and analysed. All studies had low methodologic quality due to small sample sizes, lack of control groups and blinding. Findings revealed that active and latent MTrPs were prevalent throughout all disorders, however, latent MTrPs did not consistently have a higher prevalence compared to healthy controls.
We found limited evidence supporting the high prevalence of active and latent MTrPs in patients with neck or shoulder disorders. Point prevalence estimates of MTrPs were based on a small number of studies with very low sample sizes and with design limitations that increased risk of bias within included studies. Future studies, with low risk of bias and large sample sizes may impact on current evidence.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was to report a case of branch retinal artery occlusion in a young patient who received previous neck radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
The authors describe an ...interesting case of a branch retinal artery occlusion in a patient with previous neck radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma 14 years ago. The patient was a 49-year-old man, who presented to the retina service in Tan Tock Seng Hospital.
Ultrasound of the carotid arteries revealed more than 50% bilateral common carotid arteries stenosis and 80-99% bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed presence of chronic infarcts. Screening for hypercoaguable states and cardioembolic causes were unremarkable.
Head and neck irradiation is a significant risk factor for developing carotid stenosis and its consequent complications such as retinal artery occlusions and cerebrovascular events.
Myopic Shift in a Patient with Dengue Fever Mi Fang, Helen; Ng, Oon Tek; Agrawal, Rupesh
Ocular immunology and inflammation,
01/2023, Letnik:
31, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This report aims to present a case of dengue-related myopic shift.
This is a case report of a patient with dengue-related transient myopia, and demonstrates possible underlying pathophysiology.
A ...38-year-old gentleman presented with bilateral blurring of vision with an unaided visual acuity (VA) of 6/120 bilaterally. He had a refractive error of −2.50 dioptres in the right eye, and −3.50 dioptres in the left eye. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) revealed suprachoroidal effusion with anterior displacement of the lens-iris complex bilaterally. Biometry performed showed lens thickness (LT) of 4.47 mm in the right eye, and 4.65 mm in the left eye. His unaided VA was noted to be 6/6 bilaterally 4 days later.
Dengue-related myopic shift was likely secondary to two mechanisms. Firstly, suprachoroidal effusion resulted in an anterior displacement of the lens-iris complex. Secondly, there was an increase in the antero-posterior diameter of the lens, resulting in index myopia.
To identify the characteristics, treatment, and visual outcomes of dengue uveitis at a tertiary eye care centre in Singapore.
Retrospective case record review of all consecutive dengue uveitis ...patients (2004 to 2015) from the Ocular Autoimmune Systemic Inflammatory and Infectious Study (OASIS) database.
Fifty-four patients were identified from the OASIS database. The most common ocular symptom was blurring of vision (n = 41, 75.9%), followed by floaters (n = 9, 17.0%), scotoma (n = 5, 9.3%), and metamorphopsia (n = 3, 5.7%). Scotoma based on history, Amsler grid, and perimetry accounted for 27 (50%) patients. Majority presented with either a posterior uveitis or retinal vasculitis (n = 51, 94.4%). Treatments ranged from close observation for spontaneous improvement, to the use of high-dose corticosteroids.
Dengue uveitis may present with a spectrum of disease manifestations including posterior uveitis, vasculitis, and macula edema. Scotoma is significant and may be found on history taking, Amsler charting, and perimetry.
Planar, high refractive glass wafers are the backbone of leading Augmented/Mixed Reality devices. They route the virtual image to the user's eye, while helping to keep the form factor small. While ...the glass characteristic directly affects fundamental design parameters like Field‐of‐View, the optical system of the wafer with its surfaces and interfaces as a whole determines the image quality. Besides surface quality of the glass itself, the adjacent coatings, such as anti‐reflective coating and polymer coating with a grid structure can significantly contribute to the total optical loss. Here we are reporting on optical losses caused by surface effects and polymer coatings that might lead to disadvantages in key quality parameters, such as contrast, brightness and distortion of the image.
Background
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the spectrum of scleritis from database of Ocular Autoimmune Systemic Inflammatory Infectious Study (OASIS) at a tertiary eye referral eye ...institute in Singapore. Clinical records of 120 patients with scleritis from a database of 2200 patients from Ocular Autoimmune Systemic Inflammatory Infectious Study (OASIS) were reviewed.
Results
56.6% were females, with a mean age of 48.6 ± 15.9 years. 75 (62.5%) had diffuse anterior scleritis, 25 (20.8%) had nodular anterior scleritis, 7 (5.8%) had necrotizing anterior scleritis and 13 (10.8%) had posterior scleritis. Ocular complications were observed in 53.3% of patients, including anterior uveitis (42.5%), raised intraocular pressure (12.5%), and corneal involvement (11.7%). Autoimmune causes were associated with 31 (25.8%) of patients, and 10 (8.3%) patients had an associated infective etiology, much higher than Caucasian studies. 53.3% of patients were treated with oral corticosteroids while 26.7% required immunosuppressives.
Conclusions
Infective etiology needs to be considered in patients of scleritis from Asian origin. In our study and in OASIS database, scleritis was associated with systemic autoimmune disease and ocular complications.
Waveguide Technology is widely believed to constitute one of the most promising approaches to realize affordable Augmented Reality (AR) / Mixed Reality (MR) devices combining smallest form‐factor ...with uncompromised image quality allowing for full immersion user experience. Optical waveguides are made from special grade glass wafers. The characteristics of such wafers are directly determining image properties, such as Field‐of‐View, contrast, brightness, distortion of the image projected into the user's eye and many more. We are reporting latest advances in measuring and controlling key quality parameters with focus on total thickness variation, optical homogeneity and thickness tolerance of the wafers. We discuss the impact of these parameters on image quality using optical modelling of the waveguides.
To assess effects of disease severity, sampling instrument, and processing technique on extracted DNA yield and detection rate for feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) via PCR assay.
Crandell-Rees feline ...kidney (CRFK) cells grown in vitro and conjunctival samples from 40 eyes of 20 cats.
Samples of CRFK cells (collected by use of a swab or cytology brush, with or without suspension in PBS solution) underwent DNA extraction; DNA yield was quantified spectrophotometrically. In affected cats, signs of herpetic disease were subjectively assessed. Conjunctival swab and brush samples were collected bilaterally for measurement of DNA concentration; a defined mass (DM) of DNA and defined volume (DV) of sample were assessed for FHV-1 via PCR assays.
For CRFK cells, DNA yields from unsuspended swabs and brushes were greater than for suspended swabs and brushes; suspended swab samples yielded less DNA than suspended brush samples. For conjunctival samples, DNA yields from swabs were greater than for brushes. Clinical score was not correlated with double-stranded DNA yield collected via either sampling instrument; however, cats with FHV-1-positive assay results had higher clinical scores than cats with FHV-1-negative results. Detection of FHV-1 in swab and brush samples was similar. Double-stranded DNA yield and FHV-1 detection were inversely related via DM-PCR assay. The DV-PCR assay had a significantly higher FHV-1 detection rate than the DM-PCR assay.
The DV-PCR assay of DNA extracted from an unsuspended swab sample was the preferred method for assessment of conjunctival shedding of FHV-1 in cats.
Sialic acids are nine carbon sugars typically found at termini of glycan chains. 9-O-acetylation is a common sialic acid modification, expressed in a developmentally regulated and tissue/cell-type ...specific manner. The relevant 9-O-acetyltransferase(s) have not been cloned, nor have mechanisms for their regulation been elucidated. This thesis focuses on the characterization of disialoganglioside GD3 9- O-acetylation using two different approaches. The first approach utilized Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells stably transfected with GD3-synthase gene, which led to the expression of GD3 and 9-O-acetyl-GD3 (CHO-GD3 cells). Differential Display PCR (DD-PCR) between wild type CHO-K1 cells and a CHO-G D3 clone was performed to detect any increased expression of other genes and explore the possible induction of a 9-O-acetyltransferase. The six CHO mRNAs showing up-regulation were homologous to VCAM-1, Tis21, the KC-protein-like protein, FxC1 and SPR-1 and a functionally unknown type If transmembrane protein. We also isolated a CHO-GD3 mutant lacking 9-O-acetyl-GD3 following chemical mutagenesis. Analysis of the above DD-PCR derived genes showed that expression of Tis21 was selectively reduced in the mutant. Transfection of a mouse Tis21 cDNA into the mutant cells restored 9-O-acetyl-G D3 expression. This is the first know inducible factor for 9- O-acetylation, and also the first proof that 9-O-acetylation can be directly regulated by GD3 synthase. The second part of the dissertation explored the ability of cells to 9-O-acetylate exogenous GD3. CHO-K1 cells were incubated with serum-free media containing purified GD3. A significant amount of GD3 was inserted into the plasma membrane after three hours. 9-O-Acetyl-GD3 became apparent on cell surface after six hours. Both GD3 and 9-O-Acetyl-G D3 have half life of approximately 24 hours. Other cell types also exhibited capacity to 9-O-acetylate exogenous GD3 . Inhibitors that affected transcription, translation or protein transport abolished 9-O-acetylation. This indicates that GD3 incorporation sends a cellular signal for new protein synthesis. Endocytosis inhibition assays suggested that the putative 9-O-acetyltransferase is on the cell surface. This is the first report of a modification distinct from the exogenous ganglioside reglycosylation and salvage pathways. This is also the first example of an exogenously added ganglioside apparently inducing new synthesis of an enzyme to modify the ganglioside itself.
PDF
