Circular economy is increasingly recognized as a better alternative to the dominant linear (take, make, and dispose) economic model. Circular Supply Chain Management (CSCM), which integrates the ...philosophy of the circular economy into supply chain management, offers a new and compelling perspective to the supply chain sustainability domain. Consequently, there is increasing research interest. However, a review of the extant literature shows that a comprehensive integrated view of CSCM is still absent in the extant literature. This prohibits a clear distinction compared to other supply chain sustainability concepts and hinders further progress of the field. In response, this research first classifies various terminologies related to supply chain sustainability and conceptualizes a unifying definition of CSCM. Using this definition as a base, it then conducts a structured literature review of 261 research articles on the current state of CSCM research. Based on the review results, the researchers call for further studies in the following directions that are important but received little or no attention: design for circularity, procurement and CSCM, biodegradable packaging, circular supply chain collaboration and coordination, drivers and barriers of CSCM, circular consumption, product liabilities and producer's responsibility, and technologies and CSCM.
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•DES-VA-LPME method is applicable to a wide range of arsenic in several samples.•Recovery values were in the range 95.0–98.4%, and RSDs between 3.6% and 4.9%.•HGAAS determination of ...arsenic from water, honey and rice samples.•Multivariate study was used to investigate the experimental parameters.•Mixture of benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and ethylene glycol is generated as an extraction solvent for As(III).
The aim of present study was to determine the arsenic in water, honey and rice samples using a new and green vortex-assisted liquid phase microextraction (VA-LPME), which is based on deep eutectic solvent (DES) by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry. Ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) was used as chelating reagent for As(III) ions. Four different DES was prepared by using different combination and molar ratios of hydrogen bond donor (HBD) as benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, choline chloride and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) groups as ethylene glycol, glycerol and diethanolamine. Different parameters such as pH, chelating agent amount, DES types, molar ratio and its volume, emulsifier agents and its volume, vortex time and sample volume were optimized. The accuracy of the method was confirmed with certified reference materials. The DES-VA-LPME method was validated by using linearity r2 0.9985, working range 20–600 ng L−1, limit of detection 6.5 ng L−1, limit of quantitation 20 ng L−1 and enhancement factor 70. Intra and inter day relative standard deviation was found in the range of 3.6 and 4.1% and 4.2 and 4.9%, respectively. The developed procedure was successfully utilized for determination of arsenic in water, honey and rice samples. The factorial design was used to investigate the individual and combined effects of variables as well significant and insignificant effects.
Cadmium is found in many underdeveloped countries' aquatic bodies. Therefore, contaminated water should be treated before consumption; henceforth, efficient and customized point-of-use filtration is ...foreseeable. Traditionally, carbon-based sorbents have been utilized for such treatments, but alternative sources are also being investigated. Hydrochars made from mango peels using a thermal activation process were employed as an adsorbent instead of activated carbon in this investigation. The prepared material was porous with active surface functionalities, and the interaction of cadmium with the surface was possibly ion-exchange in nature. The performance of a material for a candle water filtering system with a 2.5 cm internal diameter and a 30.48 cm column height was determined using the parameters acquired by the Thomas model. The material was found to be highly efficient at 453.5 L/min/Filter water, whereas 31670.6 L/min/Filter can be treated if the break point and exhaustion point are considered, respectively, as the candle replacement time. These findings indicate that activated hydrochar might be a suitable sorbent for removing cadmium ions from contaminated water.
Source separation is regarded as a best practice for sustainable waste management, which is essential for a transition to a circular economy to recover value from waste. However, its implementation ...in China has faced many difficulties which are primarily inherent in the public’s behaviour towards source separation of household waste. Based on multiple cases of innovative use of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in China in recent years, this study establishes the concept of IoT-enabled accountability in household waste source separation by utilising the lens of accountability theory. Moreover, this research advances several propositions on the multiple dimensions of accountability mechanism to influence user behaviours. The study’s findings provide guidance to governments, technology providers and waste management organisations on the use of IoT-based technological solutions for sustainable waste management. It stimulates future research on the use of IoT technologies in managing people’s behaviour in a range of contexts beyond waste management alone. The study contributes to the growing literature on smart waste management.
•IoT-enabled accountability concept is proposed in household waste source separation.•Multiple cases in China prove the effectiveness of IoT-enabled accountability.•Propositions are advanced on various dimensions of accountability mechanism.
The study was carried out to examine the different water quality parameters for groundwater of taluka Ratodero, district Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. The samples from hand pumps were collected from 25 ...different locations during October 2019. The parameters like Electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, total hardness, Cl, alkalinity, SO
4
, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn, Co, As and fluoride were examined. The groundwater was also tested for suitability for irrigation based on sodium adsorption ratio, Kelly's index, permeability index, sodium percentage (Na%), salinity hazard and Wilcox diagram. The samples were also examined for water quality index (WQI) and contamination index. The statistical analyses were carried out by calculating cluster analysis, correlation coefficient and hydrochemical facies between different parameters to evaluate the water quality. The results of physico-chemical parameters were compared with World Health Organization guideline. Twelve samples (48%) were not suitable for drinking on the basis of EC and TDS, and results of chloride and fluoride of 36% samples were not fit for drinking purposes and 9 (36%) samples were of poor quality based on WQI, contaminated index (C
d
), Pb, Ni and Cd. The chronic daily intake indices and hazard quotient indices were calculated, and results showed that Ratodero city groundwater was of concern for human health. The treatment methods are recommended for unsuitable groundwater samples for drinking purpose. The results of water quality for irrigation indicated that 60-80% of the samples were suitable for irrigation.
The SnO
2
was synthesized by precipitation method via tin chloride pentahydrate complexation with diethyldithiocarbamate then, calcined at temperatures 450, 600 and 750 °C and utilized for ...degradation of Sudan black B (SBB) dye. The calcination temperature 600 °C exhibited better degradation capability. Three light sources like visible, mercury and fluorescent were applied and fluorescent light exposed highest degradation of SBB dye. Degradation of SBB reached 90% with dosage of catalyst 15 mg at neutral pH 7 in 100 min. The 20 mg L
−1
concentration of SBB dye was optimized for degradation but the degradation decreased at increased concentration of the dye. Synthesized SnO
2
nanoparticles was characterized by SEM, XRD, DLS, EDX, zeta potential and FTIR to know their particles size, surface charge, morphology, structure and elemental composition of prepared nanoparticles. The SBB dye degradation followed pseudo second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The impacts of factors were studied through factorial design using 18 experiments run, and interactions among different parameters were noted.
The 40 georeferenced groundwater samples were randomly collected from taluka Dokri, district Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan to access the water quality of groundwater owing to the increasing water ...scarcity. The sampling including historical site Mohenjo-daro meaning 'Mound of the Dead Men and mapped spatially using ArcGIS 10.5 software. It was built about 2500 BCE and was largest settlements of ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and an earliest major city of the world. The samples were examined for physical and chemical parameters using standard methods and analysed for 26 physicochemical parameters including cations, anions, trace and toxic elements for drinking and irrigation purposes. The 27.5% samples were not suitable for drinking purposes on the basis of TDS. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis were examined to interpret the data. Hydrochemical faces, scatter analysis and Chadha diagram were analysed to know the groundwater chemistry and to interprete the data. The Chadha diagram showed that (70%) samples fall within, Cl
−
+SO
4
2-
Ca
2+
+Mg
2+
, SO
4
2-
Ca
2+
+Mg
2+
and showed dissolution of gypsum containing minerals, Gibbs diagram showed 62.5 to 65.0% samples were in Rock dominance. The GIS mapping results of water quality parameters revealed that in most of the groundwater of taluka Dokri was good for drinking except Mohenjo- daro site. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated and 65.0% samples were in 'Good and Excellent' category for drinking purposes and 92.5% samples were found in 'Good to Excellent' category for irrigation. The samples were calculated for SAR, RSC, PI, KI, Na% to check the water quality for irrigation and 75-100% were observed suitable for irritation. The work may provide guideline for examining the water quality for drinking and irrigation in their respective areas.
Right Bank Outfall Drain (RBOD) is a drainage canal being built on the right side of river Indus, Sindh Pakistan and will carry saline water from Balochistan and Northern Sindh to Arabian Sea coast. ...It is still at different stages for completion. Thirteen samples were collected from RBOD III and RBOD I (Hairdin Pumping Stations, Balochistan to Sehwan, Manchar lake, Sindh), and a reference sample was collected from river Indus at Kotri Barrage. The sampling scheme was repeated three times in 2009 and 11 samples were collected from RBOD I during 2018. The water samples were analysed for about 27-41 different parameters, including physicochemical, cations, anions, trace metals and the presence of microbiological organisms. The variation in the water quality was examined pre- and post-monsoon season and flows of water at Kotri Barrage. A significant variation was observed in quality of water pre and post monsoon. Higher concentrations were reported during pre-monsoon season. The water quality index (WQI) indicated that most of the samples were within poor water category for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Gibb's diagrams demonstrated that evaporation was dominant (85.7%) on the hydrochemistry of the water samples. The Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr and As crossed the permissible limits at a number of sampling stations. The water samples were also examined for multivariate analysis including principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, piper diagrams and coefficient of variation. Chloride (Cl
−
) and sodium were dominant, followed by calcium, magnesium, sulphate and bicarbonate. The average values of analyses (n = 4) indicated RSD within 4.0%. The samples were examined for possible use for irrigation and 53-92% samples collected from RBOD (n = 14) were within unsuitable category for irrigation.
Seven representative sampling stations were selected from Indus Delta comprising of (1) Keti Bander, (2) Darya Peer, (3) Kharo Chanr, (4) Jati, (5) Shah Bander, (6) Nariri Dhand and (7) Left Bank ...Outfall Drain (LBOD) near Rupa Mari. The sampling scheme was repeated seven times during 2014–2015 for 1 year. The samples were analysed for temperature, conductivity, pH, hardness, chloride, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, sulphate, orthophosphate-P, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, Na, K, Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb and As. The analysis was carried out using standard analytical procedures. A number of parameters crossed the WHO permissible limits and water quality guidelines for aquatic life and indicated pollution within coastal region. Coefficient of correlation (r) among physicochemical parameters and metal ions were examined and a number of parameters did not correlate positively and did not indicate natural origin and may indicate their presence due to human activity. The samples were examined for cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The samples also indicated the presence of Presumptive Coliform, Faecal coliform and
E. coli
.
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•A simple and rapid ultrasound assisted microextraction method was developed.•A new PoleS block/graft copolymer was synthesized and used as adsorbent.•Antimony analysis in water, ...juice, vinegar, lemonade, energy drinks samples.•Selective separation and high preconcentration of antimony from aqueous matrix.•HGAAS determination of antimony in bottled beverages.
A new polyoleic acid-polystyrene (PoleS) block/graft copolymer was synthesized and applied as adsorbent for ultrasound assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction (UA-DSPME) of Sb(III) in different bottled beverages and analysis using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS). Adsorption capacity of the PoleS was 150 mg g−1. Several sample preparation parameters such as sorbent amount, solvent type, pH, sample volume and shaking time were optimized (based on central composite design (CCD) approach) and evaluated in respect to the recovery of Sb(III). The method revealed a high tolerance limit of matrix ions presence. Under optimized conditions, linearity range, the limit of detection, the limit of quantitation, extraction recovery, enhancement factor, preconcentration factor were 5–800 ng L−1, 1.5 ng L−1, 5.0 ng L−1, 96%, 82, 90, respectively. Accuracy of the UA-DSPME method was confirmed based on different certified reference materials and standard addition method. Factorial design was utilized to estimate the influences of variables of recovery of Sb(III).
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