The Gorlovsky coal deposit began to be intensively developed in the last decade, and, as a result, technogenic earthquakes started to occur in the area of its quarries. The Kolyvan earthquake with
M
...= 4.3, which occurred on January 9, 2019, was the largest of them and had a tangible impact on settlements including the city of Novosibirsk. This earthquake is the strongest in the area for more than a hundred years, being second to the 1882 Berdsk earthquake. Based on the analysis of seismicity, it is shown that the seismic hazards for Novosibirsk from natural and technogenic seismicity are comparable. The only differences are that zones of natural and technogenic seismicity are spatially remote from each other and catastrophic natural earthquakes will occur less frequently than technogenic ones.
The additive of 15-crown-5 for liquid electrolyte for primary Li/CFx cells is proposed. In their presence the cells with 1 M LiBF4 in GBL and 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC/EMC are workable at low temperatures. ...Their discharge capacities are 140 and 110 mAh g−1 at −45 ÷ −50 °C respectively. The 15-crown-5 additive probably is adsorbed on electrodes surfaces and form Li+ conducting layers. This mechanism approved by quantum-chemical modeling.
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•15-crown-5 additive for electrolyte for the primary Li/CFx cells is proposed.•15-crown-5 additive increases the discharge capacity at low temperatures −50 °C.•15-crown-5 molecules probably form oriented layers of on the electrode surface.•Quantum chemical modeling reveals Li+-ion conducting properties of the layers.
New compositions of liquid organic electrolytes with working temperatures of up to–50°С were developed for low-temperature primary Li/CF
x
power sources. Five different compositions of organic ...electrolytes with a 15-crown-5 (2 vol %) addition and without it were studied on laboratory Li/CF
x
power sources. 1МLiBF
4
(LiPF
6
) in an ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/methyl propionate/ethylmethyl carbonate (EC/DMC/MP/EMC) (1: 1: 1: 2) mixture and 1 М LiPF6 in an EC/DMC/EMC (1: 1: 3) mixture each with a 15-crown-5 (2 vol %) addition were found to be the best compositions of organic electrolytes with working temperatures of up to–50°С. The electrochemical tests at 20 and–50°С in the Li/CF
x
system showed that the 15-crown-5 addition increased the length of the discharge plateau at–50°С three- or fourfold. The mechanisms responsible for the increase in the discharge capacity of the CF
x
cathode in the presence of a crown ether addition were suggested.
Electrochemical systems with solid polymer electrolyte are considered to be the most promising for hydrogen energy and several branches of industry. Electrocatalysts are one of the key components of ...fuel cells and electrolyzers. Application of magnetron sputtering for their synthesis will allow replacing the multistage chemical methods, to decrease platinum loading and create new effective nanostructured electrocatalysts. This review presents the systematization of the available data on magnetron sputtering for electrocatalysts and protective coating synthesis. Moreover the review analyzes the influence of sputtering parameters on deposited films properties and proposes several strategies of optimization. There is special attention to nanocarbon support materials (graphene, carbon nanotubes).
Subject and Purpose. Proceeding from a mathematical model of the electronically tunable autodyne oscillator (Part І of this paper), essential features of the signal formation / signal processing ...procedure are considered, as implementable in an autodyne radar that may reveal nonlinearity in its modulation characteristic. The work is aimed at suggesting a digital technique to enable introduction of corrections to the frequency modulation law of the sounding signal and effectuate processing of the data from the close-range autodyne radar (improving its spatial resolution and accuracy of target range measurements). Methods and Methodology. The present analysis of the radiated signal formation and processing of the data from the autodyne radar has been carried out as numerical modeling of spectral, frequency and amplitude characteristics of the radar signals expected, as well as spectral processing of the experimental data from the frequency modulated autodyne radar. Results. An effective law of temporal variations has been suggested for the corrective control voltage of the Gunn diode-based Ka-band autodyne transceiver with a linear law of frequency modulation. The correspondent experimental studies were conducted with an autodyne close-range radar system of Ka-band employing an asymmetric linear frequency modulation with a 500 MHz band of frequency tuning. The use of digital methods for correcting the frequency modulation law has permitted improving the accuracy of target ranging and range resolution up to 0.3 ÷ 0.6 m, which figures correspond to the theoretical limit for the close-range homodyne radar with a 500 MHz tuning band. Conclusion. By linearizing the modulation characteristic of the oscillator and applying digital processing to the autodyne signal in the close-range radar system with a linear frequency modulation law it proves possible to reach ultimately high estimates for the accuracy and resolution of target range measurements. The results obtained can be helpful for developing radar sensors and radiofrequency meters with enhanced parameters and characteristics.
The full-scale scientific research complex IREN will comprise a 200-MeV linear accelerator LUE-200 with a beam power about 10 kW, a subcritical multiplying target, and beam infrastructure with ...experimental pavilions, as well as technological, control, safety and service systems. The characteristics of the full-scale complex IREN (integral neutron yield 1015n/s and pulse width 0.6 μs) will allow it to rank among the best neutron sources of such class GELINA (Belgium) and ORELA (USA). The realization of the project is conducted in several stages. The first stage includes the construction of the LUE-200 linear accelerator and nonmultiplying target. This will make possible to carry out experiments which require precision neutron spectroscopy in the energy range from fractions of eV to hundreds of eV already at the first stage of IREN. The results of the physical start-up of the first stage of IREN facility at the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research are presented. General scheme and current status of the electron linac are described. Achieved parameters are: pulsed electron beam current – 2.0 A; electron energy – 30 MeV; pulse width – 100 ns; repetition rate – 25 Hz; integral neutron yield (3÷5)•1010 n/s.
Presented below are the results of the measurements of temperature of simulators of front-end electronic boards (62 pcs), heat sinks for electronic units, housing of the ROC chamber, and the pad ...plane of the TPC detector for the MPD facility to be operated at the NICA collider. The measurements were conducted for two coolant temperatures. Data of computer simulations, which are in good agreement with the measurements, are also presented. The results reported will be used to develop and optimize cooling and thermal stabilization systems for ROC chambers and front-end electronics.
Within the framework of the scientific program for the study of hot and dense nuclear matter in the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics of the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, ...Dubna (JINR), the NICA megaproject (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) based on the Nuclotron-M accelerator is implemented. The new accelerator facility will make it possible to research the properties of dense baryonic matter in the collision of heavy ions in a wide range of atomic masses from
p
–
p
collisions in the energy range √
S
pp
= 12–27 GeV/
n
and
d
+
d
collisions with energies of √
S
NN
= 4–13.8 GeV/n with the average luminosity
L
= 10
32
cm
–2
s
–1
up to Au
+79
+ Au
+79
collisions in the energy range √S
NN
= 4–11 GeV/
n
with the average luminosity
L
= 10
27
cm
–2
s
–1
(Au
+79
). A collider provides two points of intersection of beams, in one of which the multipurpose detector (Multi-Purpose Detector, MPD) will be installed. The time-projection gas chamber (TPC) is the main tracking detector and the particle identifier of the Multi-Purpose Detector. The article considers the structure of the MPD, the design and the main working parameters of TPC and its subsystems. The front-end electronics (FEE), as well as the procedure for assembling and integrating the TPC into the MPD are discussed.
The theory of the plasmon resonance excitation in the plasmonic-crystal structure on a dielectric substrate is presented. The effect of the plasmon resonance intensity oscillation as a function of ...the substrate thickness is predicted. It is shown that the enhancement of the plasmon resonance intensity occurs in a broad terahertz frequency range in the structure on a membrane substrate.
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