This article deals with Russian derived verbs of behaviour, formed on the
basis of substantive and adjectival stems by means of suffixation. The aim
of the analysis is to identify and characterize ...the structural, lexical and
designative specificity of this class of words from the
derivational-semantic aspect. The study showed that the four word-formation
models that are the most productive and popular in Russian speech are those
that include suffixes-nicha(t?), -stvova(t?), -i(t?), and -ova(t?), within
which the explication of ?behavioural semantics? takes place. Lexical
derivation is accompanied by active metaphorization, as a result of which
the verbal lexeme acquires expressive-evaluative connotation (often
pejorative) and functional and stylistic marking (?colloquial? or
?bookish?). The article characterizes motivational relations and lexical and
word-formation semantics of verbs formed according to a particular model and
reveals their designative-evaluative and regulative function. Verbs of
behaving and acting reflect stereotypical ideas of native speakers of
Russian about desirable, exemplary or undesirable, socially proscribed forms
of human interaction with the surrounding world. Their derivational dynamics
allows for objectification of basic moral and ethical meanings and deontic
norms in the mental and cultural space of the Russian language, which
indicates the axiological component of the process of verb designation.
The article considers the verbs of auditory perception of two typologically distant languages (Russian and Tatar), the morphological structure of which has distinct differences. The purpose of the ...research is to identify and describe the facts of derivational-semantic transformation of verbs slyshat' / slushat', ishetü / tıñlau (to hear / to listen ) in the aspect of their structural-semantic and functional properties. It was established that the most important content feature of the lexical-semantic group of auditory verbs in both languages is considered to be a sign of the direction of action, relevant for some lexical units and irrelevant for others. Comparative analysis of correlative word-formation nests of auditory perception verbs has revealed similarities and differences in the processes of derivational development and word-formation marking. The different quantitative composition of derived words is explained by the restrictions that determine the compatibility of generating bases with formants, as well as the ways of transformation of basic verbs. During this transformation, both perceptual and mental components of meaning are updated in both languages. Complex and composite Tatar verbs, which motivating base is the words tıñlau (slushat') and ishetü (slyshat'), do not have formal structural analogues in the Russian language, which is the reason for the interlanguage word-formation asymmetry. This disparity is formed by other types of Tatar equivalents: non-derived verbs, phrases, and descriptive constructions. It is proved that the nominative technique of the Russian and Tatar languages in the process of verbalization of auditory perception has its own specificity. It is due to both their grammatical structure and the ethnic nature of the nomination processes
O artigo considera os verbos de percepção auditiva de duas línguas distantes tipologicamente (russo e tártaro), cuja estrutura morfológica apresenta diferenças distintas. O objetivo da pesquisa é identificar e descrever os fatos da transformação semântico-derivacional dos verbos slyshat '/ slushat', ishetü / tıñlau (ouvir / ouvir) no aspecto de suas propriedades semântico-estruturais e funcionais. Estabeleceu-se que a característica de conteúdo mais importante do grupo léxico-semântico dos verbos auditivos em ambas as línguas é considerada um sinal de direção de ação, relevante para algumas unidades lexicais e irrelevante para outras. A análise comparativa de ninhos de formação de palavras correlativos de verbos de percepção auditiva revelou semelhanças e diferenças nos processos de desenvolvimento derivacional e marcação de formação de palavras. A diferente composição quantitativa das palavras derivadas é explicada pelas restrições que determinam a compatibilidade das bases geradoras com os formantes, bem como pelas formas de transformação dos verbos básicos. Durante essa transformação, os componentes perceptivos e mentais do significado são atualizados em ambas as línguas. Os verbos tártaros complexos e compostos, cuja base motivadora são as palavras tıñlau (slushat ') e ishetü (slyshat'), não possuem análogos estruturais formais na língua russa, o que é a razão para a assimetria de formação de palavras entre línguas. Essa disparidade é formada por outros tipos de equivalentes tártaros: verbos não derivados, frases e construções descritivas. Está comprovado que a técnica nominativa das línguas russa e tártara no processo de verbalização da percepção auditiva possui especificidade própria. É devido à sua estrutura gramatical e à natureza étnica dos processos de nomeação
El artículo considera los verbos de percepción auditiva de dos lenguas tipológicamente distantes (ruso y tártaro), cuya estructura morfológica presenta claras diferencias. El propósito de la investigación es identificar y describir los hechos de la transformación derivativa-semántica de los verbos slyshat '/ slushat', ishetü / tıñlau (escuchar / escuchar) en el aspecto de sus propiedades estructurales-semánticas y funcionales. Se estableció que el rasgo de contenido más importante del grupo léxico-semántico de los verbos auditivos en ambos idiomas se considera un signo de la dirección de acción, relevante para algunas unidades léxicas e irrelevante para otras. El análisis comparativo de los nidos correlativos de formación de palabras de los verbos de percepción auditiva ha revelado similitudes y diferencias en los procesos de desarrollo derivativo y marcado de formación de palabras. La diferente composición cuantitativa de las palabras derivadas se explica por las restricciones que determinan la compatibilidad de las bases generadoras con los formantes, así como las formas de transformación de los verbos básicos. Durante esta transformación, los componentes mentales y perceptivos del significado se actualizan en ambos lenguajes. Los verbos tártaros complejos y compuestos, cuya base motivadora son las palabras tıñlau (slushat ') e ishetü (slyshat'), no tienen análogos estructurales formales en el idioma ruso, que es la razón de la asimetría de formación de palabras entre idiomas. Esta disparidad está formada por otros tipos de equivalentes tártaros: verbos no derivados, frases y construcciones descriptivas. Está demostrado que la técnica nominativa de las lenguas rusa y tártara en el proceso de verbalización de la percepción auditiva tiene su propia especificidad. Se debe tanto a su estructura gramatical como a la naturaleza étnica de los procesos de nominación.
This paper aims to identify and describe the semantic and ethnocultural content of substantive derivatives extracted from the corresponding word-formation nests of the Russian and Tatar languages. ...The characteristics of the ways of lexicalization of related processes and features are essential for both lexical typology and ethnolinguistics. In the derivation-semantic space of auditory perception verbs, lexical units that have a peculiar semantic content are identified. These are first of all names of persons, specific objects, and abstract concepts, which their internal form and lexical meaning determine ethnocultural specificity. Comparison of derived substances that are directly or indirectly related to the process of auditory perception reveals certain conceptual areas and national-cultural meanings that form the language picture of the world and the mentality of each of the ethnic groups. It is proved that the ethnocultural component in the semantic structure of the studied words is also revealed within the same language: when comparing the diachronically marked and modern vocabulary.
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