LC is one of the most powerful separation techniques as illustrated by its leading role in analytical sciences through both academic and industrial communities. Its implementation in microsystems ...appears to be crucial in the development of μ-Total Analysis System. If electrophoretic techniques have been widely used in miniaturized devices, LC has faced multiple challenges in the downsizing process. During the past 5 years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in this research area, in both conception and use of LC on chip. This review emphasizes the development of novel stationary phases and their implementation in microchannels. Recent instrumental advances are also presented, highlighting the various driving forces (pressure, electrical field) that have been selected and their respective ranges of applications.
Centrality and Decentration Gozé, Tudi; Phulpin, Hugo; Faure, Karine ...
The journal of nervous and mental disease,
02/2022, Letnik:
210, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A considerable body of phenomenological research has described different ways in which the relationship of the person to the world in psychosis is affected. This literature, however, has lacked an ...accepted unifying theoretical model and means of quantitatively measuring these disturbances. To address this, the current article seeks to integrate a novel phenomenological model of psychosis offered by Henri Grivois, which is explicitly concerned with centrality or a person's sense of being the center of all things, with empirical research on the integrative model of metacognition, which allows for measurements of decentration or the degree to which persons can form integrated ideas about their place in their larger community. It is proposed that this literature may allow for a model of how psychotherapy can address centrality through the building of intersubjectivity and enhancing metacognition.
In this article, we focus on how spatial knowledge can be articulated with the integration of programmable floor robots in the mathematics classroom. We describe the observation grid we conceived to ...take into account three distinct dimensions: spatial knowledge, robotics and computer programming. Then, we implement this tool to analyse mathematics lessons using BeeBot® robots. Finally, we compare the evolution of each dimension throughout the lessons in order to understand how Programmable Floor Robots can allow students to develop spatial knowledge. This experiment is part of a research on spatial knowledge that involved 121 Year 2 (6-7-year-old) students and 6 teachers over a period of 6 weeks.
Abstract
Background
Gut dysbiosis due to the adverse effects of antibiotics affects outcomes of lung infection. Previous murine models relied on significant depletion of both gut and lung microbiota, ...rendering the analysis of immune gut-lung cross-talk difficult.
Here, we study the effects of antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis without lung dysbiosis on lung immunity and the consequences on acute
P
.
aeruginosa
lung infection.
Methods
C57BL6 mice received 7 days oral vancomycin-colistin, followed by normal regimen or fecal microbial transplant or Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-Ligand) over 2 days, and then intra-nasal
P
.
aeruginosa
strain PAO1. Gut and lung microbiota were studied by next-generation sequencing, and lung infection outcomes were studied at 24 h. Effects of vancomycin-colistin on underlying immunity and bone marrow progenitors were studied in uninfected mice by flow cytometry in the lung, spleen, and bone marrow.
Results
Vancomycin-colistin administration induces widespread cellular immunosuppression in both the lung and spleen, decreases circulating hematopoietic cytokine Flt3-Ligand, and depresses dendritic cell bone marrow progenitors leading to worsening of
P
.
aeruginosa
lung infection outcomes (bacterial loads, lung injury, and survival). Reversal of these effects by fecal microbial transplant shows that these alterations are related to gut dysbiosis. Recombinant Flt3-Ligand reverses the effects of antibiotics on subsequent lung infection.
Conclusions
These results show that gut dysbiosis strongly impairs monocyte/dendritic progenitors and lung immunity, worsening outcomes of
P
.
aeruginosa
lung infection. Treatment with a fecal microbial transplant or immune stimulation by Flt3-Ligand both restore lung cellular responses to and outcomes of
P
.
aeruginosa
following antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequently encountered pathogen that is involved in acute and chronic lung infections. Lectin-mediated bacterium-cell recognition and adhesion are critical steps in ...initiating P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. This study was designed to evaluate the contributions of LecA and LecB to the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa-mediated acute lung injury. Using an in vitro model with A549 cells and an experimental in vivo murine model of acute lung injury, we compared the parental strain to lecA and lecB mutants. The effects of both LecA- and Lec B-specific lectin-inhibiting carbohydrates (α-methyl-galactoside and α-methyl-fucoside, respectively) were evaluated. In vitro, the parental strain was associated with increased cytotoxicity and adhesion on A549 cells compared to the lecA and lecB mutants. In vivo, the P. aeruginosa-induced increase in alveolar barrier permeability was reduced with both mutants. The bacterial burden and dissemination were decreased for both mutants compared with the parental strain. Coadministration of specific lectin inhibitors markedly reduced lung injury and mortality. Our results demonstrate that there is a relationship between lectins and the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa. Inhibition of the lectins by specific carbohydrates may provide new therapeutic perspectives.
Introduction Although influenza can lead to adverse outcomes during pregnancy, the level of influenza vaccine coverage among pregnant women remains very low. According to the literature, a high level ...of knowledge about influenza disease and the influenza vaccine is one of the main determinants of vaccination coverage. The objective of the present study was to describe pregnant women's level of knowledge of these topics and to identify any corresponding determinants. Material and methods A prospective, observational, hospital-based study of women having given birth in our university medical centre during the 2014-2015 influenza season. Data were collected through a self-questionnaire or extracted from medical records. Determinants of highest knowledge were identified using logistic regression. Results Of the 2069 women included in the study, 827 (40%) did not know that influenza can lead to severe adverse outcomes for the mother, and 960 (46%) did not know about possible severe adverse outcomes for the baby. Two hundred and one women (9.8%) stated that the vaccine was "contraindicated" or "unnecessary" during pregnancy. Only 205 women (17%) had been vaccinated during a previous pregnancy. Determinants of the highest level of knowledge were age over 24, a high educational level, previous influenza vaccination, nulliparity, and the recommendation of vaccination by a healthcare professional. Conclusions Recommending vaccination during pregnancy appears to increase knowledge about influenza and its vaccine among pregnant women.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Long-term care facility (LTCF) older residents display physiological alterations of cellular and humoral immunity that affect vaccine responses. Preliminary reports suggested a low early ...postvaccination antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this study was to focus on the specific T-cell response. We quantified S1-specific IgG, neutralizing antibody titers, total specific IFNγ-secreting T cells by ELISpot, and functionality of CD4
- and CD8
-specific T cells by flow cytometry, after two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in younger and older people, with and without previous COVID-19 infection (hereafter referred to as COVID-19-recovered and COVID-19-naive subjects, respectively). Frailty, nutritional, and immunosenescence parameters were collected at baseline in COVID-19-naive older people. We analyzed the immune response in 129 young adults (median age 44.0 years) and 105 older residents living in a LCTF (median age 86.5 years), 3 months after the first injection. Humoral and cellular memory responses were dramatically impaired in the COVID-19-naive older (
= 54) compared with the COVID-19-naive younger adults (
= 121). Notably, older participants' neutralizing antibodies were 10 times lower than the younger's antibody titers (
< 0.0001) and LCTF residents also had an impaired functional T-cell response: the frequencies of IFNγ
and IFNγ
IL-2
TNFα
cells among specific CD4
T cells, and the frequency of specific CD8
T cells were lower in COVID-19-naive older participants than in COVID-19-naive young adults (
< 0.0001 and
= 0.0018, respectively). However, COVID-19-recovered older participants (
= 51) had greater antibody and T-cell responses, including IFNγ
and IFNγ
IL-2
TNFα
-specific CD4
T cells (
< 0.0001), as well as TNFα
-specific CD8
T cells (
< 0.001), than COVID-19-naive older adults. We also observed that "inflammageing" and particularly high plasma levels of TNFα was associated to poor antibody response in the older participants. In conclusion, our results show that the COVID-19-naive older people had low counts and impaired specific CD4
and CD8
T cells, in addition to impaired antibody response, and that specific studies are warranted to assess the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines, as in other immunocompromised subjects. Our study also shows that, despite their physiological alterations of immunity, vaccination is highly efficient in boosting the prior natural memory response in COVID-19-recovered older people.
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoon parasite that can cause severe clinical problems such as congenital toxoplasmosis. The distribution of T. gondii genotypes varies from one geographic area to another. ...So far, little is known about the parasite genotypes in Tunisia, North Africa. The present study aimed isolating and genotyping T. gondii from the amniotic fluid (AF) and placenta of pregnant women in Monastir, Tunisia. Amniotic fluid and/or placenta from 80 women who acquired toxoplasma infection during pregnancy were tested by PCR and/or mouse bioassay. Genotyping of T. gondii isolates from these samples was performed with 15 microsatellite markers. Four viable T. gondii strains were isolated from either the AF or placenta of four women. Specifically, strains TUN001-MON1 and TUN002-MON2 were isolated from both the AF and placenta, TUN003-AHA from only the placenta, and TUN004-NEL from only the AF. The four viable strains were not virulent for mice. Genotyping revealed that the four strains were type II strains. This is the first report on isolation and genotyping of T. gondii from AF human samples in Tunisia. Further studies focused on T. gondii genotyping on a larger number of human cases and on animals in Tunisia are needed to improve the knowledge and epidemiology of toxoplasmosis.
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