An upgrade of the long baseline neutrino experiment T2K ND280 near detector is under development with the goal to reduce systematic uncertainties in the prediction of number of events at the ...Super-Kamiokande far detector. The upgrade program includes the design and construction of a new neutrino target, a novel highly granular fully active scintillator detector with 3D WLS fiber readout. The ∼2 tonnes 192 × 192 × 56 cm3 detector will be assembled from 2 × 106 plastic scintillator cubes of 1 × 1 × 1 cm3 size. Each cube is read out by three orthogonal Kuraray Y11 WLS fibers threaded through the detector. A detector prototype made of 125 cubes was assembled and tested in a charged particle beam at CERN in October 2017. This paper presents results from studies of light yield, time resolution and optical cross-talk between the cubes.
The Picosecond Avalanche Detector is a multi-junction silicon pixel detector devised to enable charged-particle tracking with high spatial resolution and picosecond time-stamping capability. A ...proof-of-concept prototype of the PicoAD sensor has been produced by IHP microelectronics. Measurements with a 55Fe X-ray radioactive source show that the prototype is functional with an avalanche gain up to a maximum electron gain of 23.
A novel scintillator detector, the SuperFGD, has been selected as the main neutrino target for an upgrade of the T2K experiment ND280 near detector. The detector design will allow nearly 4π coverage ...for neutrino interactions at the near detector and will provide lower energy thresholds, significantly reducing systematic errors for the experiment. The SuperFGD is made of optically-isolated scintillator cubes of size 10×10×10 mm3, providing the required spatial and energy resolution to reduce systematic uncertainties for future T2K runs. The SuperFGD for T2K will have close to two million cubes in a 1920×560×1840 mm3 volume. A prototype made of 24×8×48 cubes was tested at a charged particle beamline at the CERN PS facility. The SuperFGD Prototype was instrumented with readout electronics similar to the future implementation for T2K . Results on electronics and detector response are reported in this paper, along with a discussion of the 3D reconstruction capabilities of this type of detector. Several physics analyses with the prototype data are also discussed, including a study of stopping protons.
A monolithic pixelated silicon detector designed for high time resolution has been produced in the SG13G2 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology of IHP. This proof-of-concept chip contains hexagonal pixels of ...65 μm and 130 μm side. The SiGe front-end electronics implemented provides an equivalent noise charge of 90 and 160 e− for a pixel capacitance of 70 and 220 fF, respectively, and a total time walk of less than 1 ns. Lab measurements with a 90Sr source show a time resolution of the order of 50 ps. This result is competitive with silicon technologies that integrate an avalanche gain mechanism.
Abstract
ND280 is a near detector of the T2K experiment which is
located in the J-PARC accelerator complex in Japan. After a decade
of fruitful data-taking, ND280 is scheduled for upgrade. The
...time-of-flight (ToF) detector, which is described in this article,
is one of three new detectors that will be installed in the basket
of ND280. The ToF detector has a modular structure. Each module
represents an array of 20 plastic scintillator bars which are
stacked in a plane of 2.4 × 2.2 m
2
area. Six modules of
similar construction will be assembled in a cube, thus providing an
almost 4π enclosure for an active neutrino target and two TPCs.
The light emitted by scintillator is absorbed by arrays of
large-area silicon photo-multipliers (SiPMs) which are attached to
both ends of every bar. The readout of SiPMs, shaping and analog
sum of individual SiPM signals within the array are performed by a
discrete circuit amplifier. An average time resolution of about
0.14 ns is achieved for a single bar when measured with cosmic
muons. The detector will be installed in the basket of ND280, where
it will be used to veto particle originating outside the neutrino
target, improve the particle identification and provide a cosmic
trigger for calibration of detectors which are enclosed inside it.
Abstract
A monolithic silicon pixel detector prototype has been
produced in the SiGe BiCMOS SG13G2 130 nm node technology by
IHP. The ASIC contains a matrix of hexagonal pixels with pitch of
...approximately 100 μm. Three analog pixels were calibrated in
laboratory with radioactive sources and tested in a 180 GeV/c pion
beamline at the CERN SPS. A detection efficiency of
(99.9
-0.2
+0.1
)% was measured together with a time
resolution of (36.4 ± 0.8) ps at the highest preamplifier bias
current working point of 150 μA and at a sensor bias voltage
of 160 V. The ASIC was also characterized at lower bias voltage and
preamplifier current.
The single-mirror small-size telescope (SST-1M) is one of the three proposed designs for the small-size telescopes (SSTs) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project. The SST-1M will be equipped ...with a 4 m-diameter segmented reflector dish and an innovative fully digital camera based on silicon photo-multipliers. Since the SST sub-array will consist of up to 70 telescopes, the challenge is not only to build telescopes with excellent performance, but also to design them so that their components can be commissioned, assembled and tested by industry. In this paper we review the basic steps that led to the design concepts for the SST-1M camera and the ongoing realization of the first prototype, with focus on the innovative solutions adopted for the photodetector plane and the readout and trigger parts of the camera. In addition, we report on results of laboratory measurements on real scale elements that validate the camera design and show that it is capable of matching the CTA requirements of operating up to high moonlight background conditions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
A monolithic silicon pixel prototype produced for the
MONOLITH ERC Advanced project was irradiated with 70 MeV protons up
to a fluence of 1 × 10
16
1 MeV
n
eq
/cm
2
. The ASIC contains a ...matrix of
hexagonal pixels with 100 μm pitch, readout by low-noise and
very fast SiGe HBT frontend electronics. Wafers with 50 μm
thick epilayer with a resistivity of 350 Ωcm were used to
produce a fully depleted sensor. Laboratory tests conducted with a
90
Sr source show that the detector works satisfactorily after
irradiation. The signal-to-noise ratio is not seen to change up to
fluence of 6 × 10
14
n
eq
/cm
2
. The signal
time jitter was estimated as the ratio between the voltage noise and
the signal slope at threshold. At -35°C, sensor bias voltage
of 200 V and frontend power consumption of 0.9 W/cm
2
, the time
jitter of the most-probable signal amplitude was estimated to be
σ
t
90
Sr = 21 ps for proton fluence up to
6 × 10
14
n
eq
/cm
2
and 57 ps at
1 × 10
16
n
eq
/cm
2
. Increasing the sensor
bias to 250 V and the analog voltage of the preamplifier from 1.8
to 2.0 V provides a time jitter of 40 ps at
1 × 10
16
n
eq
/cm
2
.
Abstract Samples of the monolithic silicon pixel ASIC prototype produced in 2022 within the framework of the Horizon 2020 MONOLITH ERC Advanced project were irradiated with 70 MeV protons up to a ...fluence of 1 × 10 16 n eq /cm 2 , and then tested using a beam of 120 GeV/c pions. The ASIC contains a matrix of 100 μ m pitch hexagonal pixels, read out by low noise and very fast frontend electronics produced in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology process. The dependence on the proton fluence of the efficiency and the time resolution of this prototype was measured with the frontend electronics operated at a power density between 0.13 and 0.9 W/cm 2 . The testbeam data show that the detection efficiency of 99.96% measured at sensor bias voltage of 200 V before irradiation becomes 96.2% after a fluence of 1 × 10 16 n eq /cm 2 . An increase of the sensor bias voltage to 300 V provides an efficiency to 99.7% at that proton fluence. The timing resolution of 20 ps measured before irradiation rises for a proton fluence of 1 × 10 16 n eq /cm 2 to 53 and 45 ps at HV = 200 and 300 V, respectively.
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