In our study, we used 16SrRNA and ITS to investigate the microbial community composition and the effect of compound bacterial agent on the microbial community composition in the aerobic composting ...process of food waste (FW). At the bacterial level, the main phyla of Group A (compost naturally) were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and the main species were Pseudomonas_sp._GR7, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici. The main phyla of Group B (compost with compound bacterial agent) were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Streptophyta, and the main species were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Cronobacter sakazakii, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii and Bacillus velezensis. It is worth noting that M. caseolyticus may be able to improve the effect of odour which is an important sensory index during aerobic composting. At the fungal level, the main phylum of both Groups A and B was Ascomycota, and the main species of Group A were Paecilomyces variotii, Byssochlamys spectabilis and Aspergillus fumigatus. The main species of Group B were Ogataea polymorpha and Millerozyma farinosa. Finally, the degradation rate of Group B was 81% that was about 15% higher than that of Group A, indicating that the compound bacterial agent could effectively improve the degradation rate and the composting process, while the low abundance of the compound bacterial agent in the composting process might be due to the small initial addition or the inhibition of other bacteria or fungi in the composting process.
Significance and Impact of the Study: Micro‐organisms play an important role in aerobic composting of food waste (FW) which has a good prospect of recycling; in our study, we used 16SrRNA and ITS to explore the effect of added bacteria on the aerobic composting of FW, finding that the FW can be decomposed better with our compound bacterial agent so that the added value of FW can be utilized more comprehensively.
Abstract
We report the detection and follow-up of a superstellar flare GWAC 181229A with an amplitude of Δ
R
∼ 9.5 mag on an M9-type star by SVOM/GWAC and the dedicated follow-up telescopes. The ...estimated bolometric energy
E
bol
is (5.56–9.25) × 10
34
erg, which makes the event one of the most powerful flares seen on ultracool stars. The magnetic strength is inferred to be 3.6–4.7 kG. Thanks to sampling with a cadence of 15 s, a new component near the peak time with a very steep decay is detected in the
R
-band light curve, followed by the two-component flare template given by Davenport et al. An effective temperature of 5340 ± 40 K is measured by fitting a blackbody shape to the spectrum in the shallower phase during the flare. The filling factors of the flare are estimated to be ∼30% and 19% at the peak time and at 54 minutes after the first detection. The detection of this particular event with large amplitude, huge emitted energy, and a new component demonstrates that high-cadence sky monitoring cooperation with fast follow-up observations is very important for understanding the violent magnetic activity.
Abstract
A heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) is being developed and tested on the
HL-2A tokamak.
To focus on the turbulence measurement in high beta scenarios with the toroidal
magnetic field of 1.35 T, a ...500 kV thallium beam is chosen and optimized.
The locations of the injection and detection system are determined based on the
probing beam trajectory calculations.
The status of the accelerator, sweep system, analyzer, and control
system is described.
Four pairs of sweep plates are positioned in both primary and secondary
beamlines to actively control the beam trajectory, where the
poloidal sweepers require a maximum of 15 kV voltages to be applied.
A parallel-plate energy analyzer with multi-slits is supplied by 100 kV
high voltage for the electric potential measurement.
The signal intensity is also evaluated to be hundreds of nA levels,
5 × 10
7
V/A amplifiers are therefore designed.
Software is also developed to include the data acquisition as well as the
control and monitoring of HIBP subsystems.
The transcription factor TAL1/SCL is one of the most prevalent oncogenes in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), a malignant disorder resulting from leukemic transformation of thymus T-cell ...precursors. TAL1 is normally expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but is silenced in immature thymocytes. We hypothesize that TAL1 contributes to leukemogenesis by activating genes that are normally repressed in immature thymocytes. Herein, we identified a novel TAL1-regulated super-enhancer controlling the GIMAP locus, which resides within an insulated chromosomal locus in T-ALL cells. The GIMAP genes are expressed in HSCs and mature T cells but are downregulated during the immature stage of thymocyte differentiation. The GIMAP enhancer is activated by TAL1, RUNX1 and GATA3 in human T-ALL cells but is repressed by E-proteins. Overexpression of human GIMAP genes in immature thymocytes alone does not induce tumorigenesis but accelerates leukemia development in zebrafish. Our results demonstrate that aberrant activation of the GIMAP enhancer contributes to T-cell leukemogenesis.
EAS (extensive air shower) thermal neutron measurement gives advantages to study energy and mass composition of primary cosmic rays especially in the knee region. After the success of the PRISMA-YBJ ...experiment, we build a new EAS thermal neutron detection array at Tibet University, Lhasa, China (3700 m a.s.l.) in March, 2017. This prototype array so called "PRISMA-LHAASO-16" consists of 16 EAS EN-detectors ("EN" is abbreviation for electron and neutron) measuring two main EAS components: hadronic and electromagnetic ones. Different from PRISMA-YBJ, these detectors use a thin layer of a novel type of ZnS(Ag) scintillator alloyed with natural boron compound for thermal neutron capture. PRISMA-LHAASO-16 will be moved to the LHAASO site in the near future. In this paper, we introduce principle of the detection technique, deployment of the array, and the test results of the array.
In titanium (Ti) alloys, metastable phases, such as β and martensite phases, have obvious effects on microstructure and properties of heat treated specimens. The β phase stability and martensitic ...transformation of TiZr-based alloys with different Al content were investigated. The addition of Al, the acknowledged α stabilizer of Ti-based alloys, is found to greatly modify the β phase stability and martensitic transformation of TiZr-based alloys. The β transus temperature of Ti60Zr40 binary alloy is about 640 °C. Simultaneously, as Al content increasing, β transus temperature increases significantly. When Al content reaches 15 at.%, the β transus temperature increases to nearly 850 °C. However, the phase composition of the β quenched Ti60Zr40 binary alloy is composed of whole α′ martensitic phase. Reversely, the (Ti60Zr40)85Al15 alloy, which possesses higher β transus temperatures, is mainly composed of β phase. This interesting martensitic transformation phenomenon does not conform to previous wide accepted β stabilizer theories and laws of Ti alloys. The main reasons of the abnormal β-phase stability in TiZrAl alloys are considered to be high cohesive energy, inherent low β → α phase transition temperature, and extra local stress.
•Abnormal β-phase stability in TiZrAl alloys is studied.•Al can greatly modify the β phase stability of TiZr-based alloys.•Single β-phase is obtained in solution-treated (Ti60Zr40)85Al15 alloy.•The β stability decreases with decreasing quenching temperature in (Ti60Zr40)85Al15 alloy.•Cohesive energy, phase transition temperature, and local stress are main reasons.
By directly measuring electrical hysteresis loops using the Positive-Up Negative-Down (PUND) method, we determined accurately the remanent ferroelectric polarization P sub(r) of orthorhombic RMnO ...sub(3) (R = Ho, Tm, Yb, and Lu) compounds below their E-type spin ordering temperatures. We found that LuMnO sub(3) has the largest P sub(r) of 0.17 mu C/cm super(2) at 6 K in the series, the value of which allows us to predict that its single-crystal form can produce a P sub(r) of at least 0.6 mu C/cm super(2) at 0 K. Furthermore, at a fixed temperature, P sub(r) decreases systematically with increasing rare earth ion radius from R = Lu to Ho, exhibiting a strong correlation with the variation of the in-plane Mn-O-Mn bond angle and Mn-O distances. Our experimental results suggest that the contribution of the Mn t sub(2g) orbitals may dominate the ferroelectric polarization.
From the viewpoint of engineering application, the Mn-Cu based alloy plates are prepared to characterize both the mechanical properties as well as the damping capacity by employing the tensile test ...and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. The microstructure of MnCu alloy were determined by optical microscopy, while the tensile fracture morphology was observed by using a scanning electron microscopy. It is verified that the mechanical properties are similar to that of A3 steel while the vibration noise across the MnCu alloy plate cut about 5-15dB off during all the experiment frequency range from 20 to 300 Hz when the alloy backing plates are applied under a turbine electric generator. The internal friction characteristic of the alloy is disclosed to be dynamic hysteresis closely related to the vibration frequency, as well as to be static hysteresis that depending on strain amplitudes. With whatever vibration frequencies or strain amplitudes, the damping capacity (tan δ) of the alloy plate still shows satisfactory engineering application value higher than 0.02 at ambient temperature range around room temperature.
Calorie restriction (CR) is one of the most reproducible treatments for weight loss and slowing aging. However, how CR induces these metabolic alterations is not fully understood. In this work, we ...studied whether nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, plays a role in CR-induced beneficial metabolic effects using a specific inhibitor of NAMPT (FK866). CR upregulated NAMPT mRNA and protein levels in rat skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue. Inhibition of NAMPT activity by FK866 in rats did not affect the SIRT1 upregulation by CR but suppressed the CR-induced SIRT1 activity and deacetylation of Forkhead box protein O1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α. Inhibition of NAMPT activity by FK866 also attenuated the CR-induced SIRT3 activity, evidenced by deacetylation of superoxide dismutase-2. Furthermore, FK866 not only weakened the CR-induced decrease of oxidative stress (dichlorofluorescin signal, superoxide , and malondialdehyde levels), but also greatly attenuated the CR-induced improvements of antioxidative activity (total superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio) and mitochondrial biogenesis (mRNA levels of nuclear respiratory factor 1, cytochrome c oxidase IV, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, and transcription factor A, mitochondrial and citrate synthase activity). At last, FK866 blocked the CR-induced insulin sensitizing, Akt signaling activation, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation. Collectively, our data provide the first evidence that the CR-induced beneficial effects in oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolic adaptation require NAMPT.
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