Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disorder with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Reactive oxygen species and epithelial apoptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung ...injury. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent non-apoptotic form of cell death, mediates its effects in part by promoting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The inhibition of ferroptosis decreases clinical symptoms in experimental models of ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal failure and heart injury. This study investigated the roles of inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) and Nrf2 in ferroptosis and their potential therapeutic effects in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury. Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced ALI was induced in wild-type and Nrf2
mice. The mice were treated with erastin followed by liproxstatin-1. Ferroptosis-related factors in mice with ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury or in mouse lung epithelial-2 cells with hypoxia/regeneration (HR)-induced ALI were measured by western blotting, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence. Ferroptosis contributed to intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced ALI in vivo. iASPP inhibited ferroptosis and alleviated intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury, and iASPP-mediated protection against ischemia/reperfusion-induced ALI was dependent on Nrf2 signaling. HR-induced acute lung injury enhanced ferroptosis in vitro in mouse lung epithelial-2 cells, and ferroptosis was modulated after the enhancement of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in Nrf2
mice. iASPP mediated its protective effects against acute lung injury through the Nrf2/HIF-1/TF signaling pathway. Ferroptosis contributes to intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced ALI, and iASPP treatment inhibits ferroptosis in part via Nrf2. These findings indicate the therapeutic potential of iASPP for treating ischemia/reperfusion-induced ALI.
Summary
The transportation sector consumes a large amount of fossil fuels consequently exacerbating the global environmental and energy crisis. Fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) are ...promising alternatives in the continuous transition to clean energy. This article summarizes the recent advances pertaining to the optimization and cutting‐edge design of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles, especially the fuel cell + battery hybrid topology, and discusses current technological bottlenecks hindering the commercialization of FCHEVs. The development of HEVs, markets, environmental and economic benefits, components, topologies, energy management strategies, degradation mechanisms, and safety standards of FCHEVs are reviewed. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells constitute the mainstream and most mature fuel cell technology for automobile applications. Battery hybridization is currently favored among the available FCHEV topological designs to improve the dynamic response and recover the braking energy. Energy management strategies encompassing logic rule‐based simple methods, intelligent control methods, global optimization strategies, and local optimization strategies are described, and issues and challenges encountering FCHEVs are discussed. In addition to promoting the construction of hydrogen supply facilities, future efforts are expected to focus on solving problems such as the high cost, durability of fuel cells, cold start, lifetime of batteries, security and comfort, system optimization, energy management systems, integration, and diagnosis of faults. This review serves as a reference and guide for future technological development and commercialization of FCHEVs.
Highlights
Advances of the optimization and cutting‐edge design of FCHEVs are reviewed.
Battery hybridization is currently favored among the available topological designs.
Benefits, components, topologies, and energy management strategies are described.
Markets, degradation mechanisms, and safety standards of FCHEVs are introduced.
Technological bottlenecks hindering the commercialization of FCHEVs are discussed.
This article summarizes the recent advances pertaining to the optimization and cutting‐edge design of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles, especially the fuel cell + battery hybrid topology, and discusses current technological bottlenecks hindering the commercialization of FCHEVs. Energy management strategies encompassing logic rule‐based simple methods, intelligent control methods, global optimization strategies, and local optimization strategies are described, and issues and challenges encountering FCHEVs are discussed. This review serves as a reference and guide for future technological development and commercialization of FCHEVs.
Indoor photovoltaics are promising to enable self‐powered electronic devices for the Internet of Things. Here, reported is a triple‐anion CH3NH3PbI2−xBrClx perovskite film, of which the bandgap is ...specially designed for indoor light harvesting to achieve a record high efficiency of 36.2% with distinctive high open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.028 V under standard 1000 lux fluorescent light. The involvement of both bromide and chloride suppresses the trap‐states and nonradiative recombination loss, exhibiting a remarkable ideality factor of 1.097. The introduction of chloride successfully restrains the halide segregation of iodide and bromide, stabilizing the triple‐anion perovskite film. The devices show an excellent long‐term performance, sustaining over 95% of original efficiency under continuous light soaking over 2000 h. These findings show the importance and potential of I/Br/Cl triple‐anion perovskite with tailored bandgap and suppressed trap‐states in stable and efficient indoor light recycling.
I/Br/Cl triple‐anion perovskite material with bandgap of 1.8 eV is tailored for indoor light harvesting, which realizes a record high indoor efficiency of 36.2% with increased open circuit voltage (Voc) and minimal short‐circuit current ( Jsc) loss. The I/Br halide segregation is restrained by Cl‐involvement, realizing a long‐term stability of over 95% after 2000 h.
Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a global regulator that controls bacterial iron homeostasis. In this study, a fur deletion mutant of the deep-sea bacterium Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 was ...constructed. Physiological studies revealed that the growth rate of this mutant under aerobic conditions was only slightly lower than that of wild type (WT), but severe growth defects were observed under anaerobic conditions when different electron acceptors (EAs) were provided. Comparative transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that Fur is involved not only in classical iron homeostasis but also in anaerobic respiration. Fur exerted pleiotropic effects on the regulation of anaerobic respiration by controlling anaerobic electron transport, the heme biosynthesis system, and the cytochrome c maturation system. Biochemical assays demonstrated that levels of c-type cytochromes were lower in the fur mutant, consistent with the transcriptional profiling. Transcriptomic analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed a primary regulation network for Fur in WP3. These results suggest that Fur may act as a sensor for anoxic conditions to trigger and influence the anaerobic respiratory system.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
By using a simple solvothermal sufidation of ZIF-67 by thioacetamide, an in situ synthetic method has been used to prepare hollow Co3S4 as superior adsorbent for effective adsorption removal of ...ciprofloxacin antibiotics.
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•Simple solvothermal sufidation of ZIF-67 by TAA to produce hollow Co3S4.•Hollow Co3S4 shows fast CIP adsorption rate as compared to other adsorbents.•Excellent CIP adsorption capacity of 471.7 mg/g was obtained by hollow Co3S4.•Hollow Co3S4 promises good recyclability for CIP removal.•CIP adsorption was realized in neutral solution and hardly affected by humic acid.
The hollow nanostructures receive increasing attention in recent years. In particular, the confined cavity in the hollow nanostructures can function as a carrier for loading target molecules, whereas the porous walls are beneficial for shortening the transport distance of target molecules from solution to surface of adsorbent, making it possible to achieve high adsorption capacity with short adsorption time. Here, the hollow Co3S4 was synthesized by using ZIF-67 as template and thioacetamide as sulfide reagent through a simple solvothermal method, and characterized by SEM, TEM, HRTEM, XRD, FT-IR, zeta potential measurement, TG, N2 adsorption-desorption and XPS analysis. The adsorption performance of hollow Co3S4 for ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotics was evaluated in neutral aqueous solution. The equilibrium adsorption data were well fitted by Langmuir model, and a high maximum CIP adsorption capacity of 471.7 mg g−1 was obtained. The relatively high correlation coefficient of Tempkin model (r2 = 0.960) indicated a stronger electrostatic interaction between CIP and hollow Co3S4, which was consistent with the observation from the effects of pH and ionic strength. Result of adsorption kinetic investigation indicated fast CIP adsorption by hollow Co3S4. The adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and liquid-film diffusion model. CIP adsorption by hollow Co3S4 was hardly affected by humic acid. Further, the hollow Co3S4 exhibited no obvious loss in CIP removal after recycling for five times. The result displays an important environmental significance of hollow Co3S4 for CIP sequestration, in particular in wastewater, where CIP antibiotics are only slightly transformed or even unchanged.
Harvesting heat from the environment into electricity has the potential to power Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensors, freeing them from cables or batteries especially for use as wearable devices. We ...demonstrate a giant positive thermopower of 17.0 mV K
in a flexible, quasi-solid state, ionic thermoelectric material using synergistic thermodiffusion and thermogalvanic effects. The ionic thermoelectric material is a gelatin matrix modulated with ions providers (KCl, NaCl, and KNO
) for thermodiffusion effect and redox couple (Fe(CN)
/Fe(CN)
) for thermogalvanic effect. A proof-of-concept wearable device consisting of 25 unipolar elements generated over 2 V and a peak power of 5 μW using body heat. This ionic gelatin shows promises for environmental heat-to-electric energy conversion utilizing ions as energy carriers.
Immunometabolism is a branch dealing at the interface of immune functionalities and metabolic regulations. Considered as a bidirectional trafficking, metabolic contents and their precursors bring a ...considerable change in immune cells signal transductions which as a result affect the metabolic organs and states as an implication. Lipid metabolic ingredients form a major chunk of daily diet and have a proven contribution in immune cells induction, which then undergo metabolic pathway shuffling inside their ownself. Lipid metabolic states activate relevant metabolic pathways inside immune cells that in turn prime appropriate responses to outside environment in various states including lipid metabolic disorders itself and cancers as an extension. Although data on Immunometabolism are still growing, but scientific community need to adjust and readjust according to recent data on given subject. This review attempts to provide current important data on Immunometabolism and consequently its metabolic ramifications. Incumbent data on various lipid metabolic deregulations like obesity, metabolic syndrome, obese asthma and atherosclerosis are analysed. Further, metabolic repercussions on cancers and its immune modalities are also analysed.
Investment in leaf veins (supplying xylem water) is balanced by stomatal abundance, such that sufficient water transport is provided for stomata to remain open when soil water is abundant. This ...coordination is mediated by a common dependence of vein and stomatal densities on cell size. Flowers may not conform to this same developmental pattern if they depend on water supplied by the phloem or have high rates of nonstomatal transpiration.
We examined the relationships between veins, stomata and epidermal cells in leaves, sepals and petals of 27 angiosperms to determine whether common spacing rules applied to all tissues.
Regression analysis found no evidence for different relationships within organ types. Both vein and stomatal densities were strongly associated with epidermal cell size within organs, but, for a given epidermal cell size, petals had fewer veins and stomata than sepals, which had fewer than leaves.
Although our data support the concept of common scaling between veins and stomata in leaves and flowers, the large diversity in petal vein density suggests that, in some species, petal veins may be engaged in additional functions, such as the supply of water for high cuticular transpiration or for phloem delivery of water or carbohydrates.
As one of the main forms and intermediate carriers of energy, it is impressive to expand the application scope of heat energy, thereby boosting innovations in heat harvesting, conversion, storage, ...regulation, and utilization associated with the relevant techniques. Phase change materials (PCMs), as a state‐of‐the‐art latent heat storage technique, have garnered increasing interest in heat‐related applications over the past decades, and abundant high‐performance PCMs with excellent shape stability and salient thermal conductivity have been developed. This review focuses on the issues concerning organic PCMs from the perspectives of flexible, multifunctional, and smart phase change composites, along with emerging applications and processing technologies, which are expected to offer possible guidance for the exploration of next‐generation advanced functional phase change composites.
Next‐generation advanced functional phase change composites are analyzed from the perspectives of myriad phase change materials, promising applications, and mass‐manufactured processing technologies to boost their rapid implementation.
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