The growth and development of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are significant events known to affect muscle plasticity, disease, meat production, and meat quality, which involves the types and functions of ...mRNA and non-coding RNA. Here, MuSCs were cultured from Guangxi fetal cattle. RNA sequencing was used to analyze the RNA expression of mRNA and non-coding RNAs during the cell proliferation and differentiation phases.
Two thousand one hundred forty-eight mRNAs and 888 non-coding RNAs were differentially expressed between cell proliferation and differentiation phases, including 113 miRNAs, 662 lncRNAs, and 113 circRNAs. RT-qPCR verified the differential expression levels of mRNAs and non-coding RNAs, and the differentially expressed circUBE2Q2 was subsequently characterized. Expression profile analysis revealed that circUBE2Q2 was abundant in muscle tissues and intramuscular fat. The expression of cricUBE2Q2 was also significantly upregulated during MuSCs myogenic differentiation and SVFs adipogenic differentiation and decreased with age in cattle muscle tissue. Finally, the molecular mechanism of circUBE2Q2 regulating MuSCs function that affects skeletal muscle development was investigated. The results showed that circUBE2Q2 could serve as a sponge for miR-133a, significantly promoting differentiation and apoptosis of cultured MuSCs, and inhibiting proliferation of MuSCs.
CircUBE2Q2 is associated with muscle growth and development and induces MuSCs myogenic differentiation through sponging miR-133a. This study will provide new clues for the mechanisms by which mRNAs and non-coding RNAs regulate skeletal muscle growth and development, affecting muscle quality and diseases.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pain involves an intrinsically dynamic connectome characterized by fluctuating spontaneous brain activity and continuous neuroplastic changes of relevant circuits. Activity in the hippocampus-medial ...prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pathway has been suggested to correlate with spontaneous pain and pain chronicity, but causal evidence is lacking. Here we combine longitudinal in vivo electrophysiological recording with behavioral testing and show that persistent spontaneous pain disrupts ventral hippocampal CA1-infralimbic cortex (vCA1-IL) connectivity and hippocampal modulation of IL neuronal activity in rats with peripheral inflammation. Chemo- and optogenetic rescue of vCA1-IL dysfunction relieves spontaneous pain. Circuit-specific overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in vCA1-IL reverses electrophysiological changes, relieves spontaneous pain, and accelerates overall recovery from inflammatory pain. Our work identifies a neural pathway that specifically correlates with spontaneous pain and supports the significance of using a circuit dynamics-based strategy for more comprehensive understanding of circuitry mechanisms underlying chronic pain.
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•Ventral hippocampal CA1-infralimbic cortex (vCA1-IL) connectivity is involved in pain•Persistent spontaneous pain in rats with inflammation disrupts vCA1-IL connectivity•Activating vCA1-IL alleviates spontaneous pain and promotes overall pain recovery•BDNF expression correlates with behavior and activity changes in spontaneous pain
Ma et al. show that persistent spontaneous pain disrupts ventral hippocampal CA1-infralimbic cortex (vCA1-IL) connectivity in rats with peripheral inflammation. Genetic rescue of vCA1-IL dysfunction relieves spontaneous pain and accelerates overall pain recovery. This work identifies a neural pathway that specifically correlates with spontaneous pain.
Enzyme immobilization is of increasing importance for biocatalysis, for which good supports are critical. Herein, two new Preyssler‐type polyoxometalate (POM)‐based coordination polymers, namely, ...{Cu(H2biim)2{Cu(H2biim)2(μ‐H2O)}2Cu(H2biim)(H2O)2H({Cu(H2biim)(H2O)2}0.5)2((μ‐C3HN2Cl2){Cu(H2biim)}2){Z(H2O)P5W30O110}⋅x H2O}n (1: Z=Na, x=9; 2: Z=Ag, x=10; H2biim=2,2′‐biimidazole) were designed and synthesized. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit the same skeletons, which contain multiple CuII complex fragments and penta‐supported {ZP5W30} (Z=Na, Ag) clusters. They were first employed to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Results show that compounds 1 and 2 are good supports for HRP immobilization, and exhibit higher enzyme loading, lower loading times, and excellent reusability. The immobilized HRP (HRP/1 or HRP/2) was further applied to detect H2O2, and good sensitivity, wide linear range, low detection limit, and fast response were achieved. This work shows that POM‐based hybrid materials are a new kind of promising support for enzyme immobilization.
Pinning down catalysts: Two new Preyssler‐type polyoxometalate‐based coordination polymers were synthesized and applied to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP). These polymers exhibited higher enzyme loading, required a shorter loading time, and exhibited excellent reusability (see figure).
Three organic-inorganic hybrids containing Strandberg-type phenylphosphomolybdate anion (C6H5PO3)2Mo5O154- with phenylphosphonate (PhP) centers, transition metal (TM) ions and 2,2'-biimidazole ...(H2biim) ligand, formulated as (TM(H2biim)2)2(C6H5PO3)2Mo5O15·H2O (TM = Co and Cu, abbreviated as Co-(PhP)2Mo5 and Cu-(PhP)2Mo5, respectively) and (Ni(H2biim)3)2(C6H5PO3)2Mo5O15·2H2O (abbreviated as Ni-(PhP)2Mo5), were self-assembled by simple hydrothermal methods and were systematically characterized through single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other physicochemical and spectroscopic methods, which demonstrated that TM-H2biim complexes were firstly introduced into Strandberg-type organophosphomolybdate skeletons. Selecting the oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone as a model reaction, using H2O2 as an oxidant, the catalytic oxidation activities of the Strandberg-type compounds were firstly evaluated. More importantly, these TM-(PhP)2Mo5 (TM = Co, Cu, Ni) compounds were employed to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and showed high adsorption capacities for HRP. Laser scanning confocal microscope images showed that HRP adsorbed on the surfaces of the TM-(PhP)2Mo5 supports. Application of immobilized enzyme HRP/TM-(PhP)2Mo5 for the detection of H2O2 is also discussed.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for treatment-resistant depression, while mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain poorly defined. Increasing evidence has revealed an ...intimate association between the lateral habenula (LHb) and major depression, and suggests that the LHb might be an effective target of DBS therapy for depression. Here, we found that DBS in the LHb effectively decreased depression-like behaviors in rats experienced with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), a well-accepted paradigm for modeling depression in rodents. In vivo electrophysiological recording unveiled that CUMS increased neuronal burst firing, as well as the proportion of neurons showing hyperactivity to aversive stimuli in the LHb. Nevertheless, DBS downregulated local field potential power, reversed the CUMS-induced increase of LHb burst firing and neuronal hyperactivity to aversive stimuli, and decreased the coherence between LHb and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Our results demonstrate that DBS in the LHb exerts antidepressant-like effects and reverses local neural hyperactivity, supporting the LHb as a target of DBS therapy for depression.
•Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the lateral habenula (LHb) alleviates depression-like behaviors.•DBS in the LHb reverses the increased LHb burst firing and neuronal hyperactivity to aversive stimuli under depression.•DBS in the LHb decreases the coherence between the LHb and ventral tegmental area.
One specific behavior can be synergistically modulated by different neural pathways. Medial septal (MS) cholinergic system innervates widespread cortical and subcortical regions and participates in ...pain modulation, but the underlying neural pathways are not fully understood. This study examined the contribution of MS cholinergic neurons and 2 neural pathways: MS-rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and MS-ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1), in modulating perceptual and affective pain behaviors in a mouse model of chronic inflammatory pain. We found that chronic pain activated MS cholinergic neurons and pyramidal neurons in the rACC, but suppressed pyramidal neuronal activities in the vCA1, all of which contributed to the maintenance of pathological pain. Chemogenetic inhibition of MS cholinergic neurons or the MS-rACC pathway inhibited rACC pyramidal neuronal activities and attenuated perceptual and affective dimensions of chronic pain. By contrast, chemogenetic activation of MS cholinergic neurons also produced analgesia, but by rescuing hypofunctional pyramidal neurons in vCA1. These results clearly demonstrate that the MS cholinergic system differentially modulates chronic inflammatory pain through MS-rACC or MS-vCA1 pathways. More significantly, our research provides evidence for a novel paradigm of neural circuit modulation: MS cholinergic inhibition and activation induce similar analgesia but through distinct neural pathways.
•Infralimbic BDNF decreases after inflammatory pain.•Infralimbic BDNF infusion alleviates CFA induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia.•Consecutive infralimbic BDNF infusion accelerates ...recovery process of inflammatory pain.
In chronic pain, it has been reported that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) takes important regulatory roles, and may change functionally and morphologically in result of chronic pain. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is well known as a critical modulator of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of BDNF in the infralimbic cortex and the prelimbic cortex of the mPFC in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain. We found that the BDNF level decreased in the infralimbic cortex, but not in the prelimbic cortex, 3days after the CFA induction of the inflammatory pain. BDNF infusion into bilateral infralimbic cortices to activate neuronal activities could alleviate inflammatory pain and accelerate long-term recovery from pain. In conclusion, BDNF in the infralimbic cortex of the mPFC could accelerate recovery from inflammatory pain.
Neuroimaging studies have shown that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is consistently activated by thirst and may underlie the affective motivation of drinking behaviour demanded by thirst. But ...direct evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. The present study evaluated potential correlations between ACC neuronal activity and drinking behaviour in rats injected with different concentrations of saline. We observed an increased number of c‐Fos‐positive neurons in the ACC after injection of hypertonic saline, indicating strong ACC neuronal activation under hyperosmotic thirst. Increased firing rates of putative ACC pyramidal neurons preceded drinking behaviour and positively correlated with both the total duration of drinking and the total amount of water consumed. Chemogenetic inhibition of ACC pyramidal neurons changed drinking behaviour from an explosive and short‐lasting pattern to a gradual but more persistent pattern, without affecting either the total duration of drinking or the total amount of water consumed. Together, these findings support a role of the ACC in modulating the affective‐motivative dimension of hyperosmolality‐induced thirst.
•CFA-induced inflammatory pain is accompanied by anxiety-like behaviors.•Inhibiting medial septal (MS) cholinergic neurons relieves pain-induced anxiety.•Inhibiting MS–anterior cingulate cortex ...pathway with DREADD produces anxiolysis.•Inhibiting MS–ventral CA1 pathway with DREADD does not affect pain-induced anxiety.
Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum (MS) participate in various cognitive and emotional behaviors, including innate anxiety. Chronic pain involves perceptual, cognitive and emotional components. Whether MS cholinergic system modulates pain-induced anxiety and the underlying neural circuits are involved remain unclear. In the present study, we showed that chemogenetic (DREADD) inhibition of MS cholinergic neurons relieved pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors in open field and elevated plus maze tests. Inhibiting the MS–rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), but not the MS–ventral hippocampal CA1 pathway, achieved anxiolysis. These findings indicate the involvement of MS cholinergic system in modulating pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors.
•Ventilated supercavitation with drag-reduction (DR) additives was simulated.•DR additives could further reduce the drag resistance on underwater bodies.•DR additives could affect the formation of ...ventilated supercavitation.
The hydrodynamic characteristics of axisymmetric ventilated supercavitating flows influenced by drag-reduction additives are numerically studied. The Cross viscosity model, a shear-thinning model, is employed to characterize the rheological feature of the aqueous solution of the drag-reduction additives. First, the numerical calculation procedure is established and verified, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the existing correlations. And then the air–liquid two-phase and air–liquid-vapor three-phase ventilated supercavitating flows in water and drag-reducing solution, respectively, are investigated. The flow resistance and morphological characteristics of the ventilated supercavities are mainly analyzed. It is obtained that the drag-reduction additives mainly influence the friction drag when the supercavities have not fully formed. The friction drag reduction rate can reach up to 49.66% and 58.13% in the two-phase and three-phase flows, respectively, in the currently investigated cases. Moreover, the vapor region caused by natural cavitation is larger in the drag-reducing solution.
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