We investigate the thermodynamics of Schwarzschild–Tangherlini black hole in the context of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). The corrections to the Hawking temperature, entropy and the ...heat capacity are obtained via the modified Hamilton–Jacobi equation. These modifications show that the GUP changes the evolution of the Schwarzschild–Tangherlini black hole. Specially, the GUP effect becomes susceptible when the radius or mass of the black hole approaches the order of Planck scale, it stops radiating and leads to a black hole remnant. Meanwhile, the Planck scale remnant can be confirmed through the analysis of the heat capacity. Those phenomena imply that the GUP may give a way to solve the information paradox. Besides, we also investigate the possibilities to observe the black hole at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and the results demonstrate that the black hole cannot be produced in the recent LHC.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Aiming to identify pleiotropic genomic loci for bone mineral density and bone size, we performed a bivariate GWAS in five discovery samples and replicated in two large-scale samples. We ...identified 2 novel loci at 2q37.1 and 6q26. Our findings provide insight into common genetic architecture underlying both traits.
Introduction
Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone size (BS) are two important factors that contribute to the development of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. Both BMD and BS are highly heritable and they are genetically correlated. In this study, we aim to identify pleiotropic loci associated with BMD and BS.
Methods
We conducted a bivariate genome-wide association (GWA) analysis of hip BMD and hip BS in 6180 participants from 5 samples, followed by in silico replication in the UK Biobank study of BMD (
N
= 426,824) and the deCODE study of BS (
N
= 28,954), respectively.
Results
SNPs from 2 genomic loci were significant at the genome-wide significance (GWS) level (
p
lt; 5 × 10
−8
) in the discovery samples and were successfully replicated in the replication samples (2q37.1, lead SNP rs7575512, discovery
p
= 1.49 × 10
−10
, replication
p
= 0.05; 6q26, lead SNP rs1040724, discovery
p
= 1.95 × 10
−8
, replication
p
= 0.03). Functional annotations suggested functional relevance of the identified variants to bone development.
Conclusion
Our findings provide insight into the common genetic architecture underlying BMD and BS, and enhance our understanding of the potential mechanism of osteoporosis fracture.
Abstract
At the interface between monolayer FeSe films and SrTiO
3
substrates the superconducting transition temperature (
T
c
) is unexpectedly high, triggering a surge of excitement. The mechanism ...for the
T
c
enhancement has been the central question, as it may present a new strategy for seeking out higher
T
c
materials. To reveal this enigmatic mechanism, by combining advances in high quality interface growth,
16
O
$$\leftrightarrow$$
↔
18
O isotope substitution, and extensive data from angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we provide striking evidence that the high
T
c
in FeSe/SrTiO
3
is the cooperative effect of the intrinsic pairing mechanism in the FeSe and interactions between the FeSe electrons and SrTiO
3
phonons. Furthermore, our results point to the promising prospect that similar cooperation between different Cooper pairing channels may be a general framework to understand and design high-temperature superconductors.
At the interface between monolayer FeSe films and SrTiO
substrates the superconducting transition temperature (T
) is unexpectedly high, triggering a surge of excitement. The mechanism for the T
...enhancement has been the central question, as it may present a new strategy for seeking out higher T
materials. To reveal this enigmatic mechanism, by combining advances in high quality interface growth,
O Formula: see text
O isotope substitution, and extensive data from angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we provide striking evidence that the high T
in FeSe/SrTiO
is the cooperative effect of the intrinsic pairing mechanism in the FeSe and interactions between the FeSe electrons and SrTiO
phonons. Furthermore, our results point to the promising prospect that similar cooperation between different Cooper pairing channels may be a general framework to understand and design high-temperature superconductors.
A super stiff rock mechanics testing machine called Stiffman is introduced in this paper. This test facility uses composite loading frames and relay loading by two loading hydraulic actuators and ...overcomes the technical difficulties of conventional rock mechanics testing machines such as insufficient loading system stiffness, inability to use axial-strain-controlled loading in the post-peak deformation stage, limited straining amount to reach the residual deformation stage. To validate the reliability of the newly developed test machine, a benchmark study was carried out first. Then, systematic uniaxial and triaxial compression tests under axial-strain-controlled loading for three brittle hard rocks were conducted and the results are compared with those obtained using a conventional rock mechanics testing system called Rockman. The test results of Rockman show that under uniaxial compression and triaxial compression under axial-strain-controlled loading at low confining pressures, the rock specimens failed violently in the post-peak deformation stage and it was not possible to obtain complete stress–strain curves of the rocks. On the other hand, it was possible to load the rocks under axial-strain-controlled loading in a stable fashion using Stiffman and complete stress–strain curves of the rocks under uniaxial compression and triaxial compression at low confining pressures could be obtained. Stiffman-tested rock specimens showed signs of spalling but stayed mostly in one piece. Finally, peak and residual strength envelopes of the three brittle rocks are given based on the test results of Stiffman. The experiment results show that Stiffman can be used to capture complete post-peak stress–strain curves of brittle rocks reliably under axial-strain-controlled loading. It provides a new platform for studying post-peak deformation behaviors of brittle hard rocks reliably in a loading control mode that other conventional test machines cannot provide.
The influence of the end effect on rock strength in true triaxial compression testing was studied using a numerical approach. The influence of the intermediate principal stress (σ
2
) on rock ...strength was isolated by using the two-dimensional Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion that depends only on the major principal stress (σ
1
) and minor principal stress (σ
3
). Thus, any enhancement to the rock strength with the increase of σ
2
can be attributed to the end effect. It was shown that the end effect can result in an apparent σ
2
effect, as long as the coefficient of friction (μ) at the rock specimen – steel platen contacts is not zero and the specimen in the σ
2
loading direction is squat. When the strengthening due to the increase of σ
2
predicted by a theoretical failure criterion was added to the strengthening due to the end effect, the results were in good agreement with the observed σ
2
effect from some previous laboratory tests, indicating that the observed σ
2
effect in true triaxial compression testing could be partially influenced by the end effect, particularly when σ
3
was low. It is suggested to decrease the end effect to a level where the apparent σ
2
effect is very small so that the obtained test results are more meaningful to characterize the actual σ
2
effect.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Display omitted
Transition metal oxides show great potential as electrocatalysts, owing to the low cost and rich chemical states. However, the limited surface areas, low intrinsic activity and poor ...hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity greatly restrict the application for overall water splitting. Herein, we have constructed S doped NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays by Ar plasma (Ar-NiCo2O4|S) to enhance active sites and boost catalytic kinetics. Consequently, the Ar-NiCo2O4|S shows the improved performances for HER and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Further, as bifunctional electrocatalysts, Ar-NiCo2O4|S exhibit a voltage of 1.63 V at 10 mA cm−2, as well as good stability.
Objectives
Stereotactic radiosurgery (RS) is a potential option for some patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The aim of this meta‐analysis was to determine the pooled seizure‐free rate and ...the time interval to seizure cessation in patients with lesions in the mesial temporal lobe, and who were eligible for either stereotactic or gamma knife RS.
Materials & Methods
We searched the Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases using combinations of the following terms: RS, stereotactic radiosurgery, gamma knife, and TLE.
Results
We screened 103 articles and selected 13 for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. Significant study heterogeneity was detected; however, the included studies displayed an acceptable level of quality. We show that approximately half of the patients were seizure free over a follow‐up period that ranged from 6 months to 9 years pooled estimate: 50.9% (95% confidence interval: 0.381–0.636), with an average of 14 months to seizure cessation pooled estimate: 14.08 months (95% confidence interval: 11.95–12.22 months). Nine of 13 included studies reported data for adverse events (AEs), which included visual field deficits and headache (the two most common AEs), verbal memory impairment, psychosis, psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures, and dysphasia. Patients in the individual studies experienced AEs at rates that ranged from 8%, for non‐epileptic seizures, to 85%, for headache.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that RS may have similar or slightly less efficacy in some patients compared with invasive surgery. Randomized controlled trials of both treatment regimens should be undertaken to generate an evidence base for patient decision‐making.
Ceria nanoparticles are one of the key abrasive materials for chemical-mechanical planarization of advanced integrated circuits. However, ceria nanoparticles synthesized by existing techniques are ...irregularly faceted, and they scratch the silicon wafers and increase defect concentrations. We developed an approach for large-scale synthesis of single-crystal ceria nanospheres that can reduce the polishing defects by 80% and increase the silica removal rate by 50%, facilitating precise and reliable mass-manufacturing of chips for nanoelectronics. We doped the ceria system with titanium, using flame temperatures that facilitate crystallization of the ceria yet retain the titania in a molten state. In conjunction with molecular dynamics simulation, we show that under these conditions, the inner ceria core evolves in a single-crystal spherical shape without faceting, because throughout the crystallization it is completely encapsulated by a molten 1- to 2-nanometer shell of titania that, in liquid state, minimizes the surface energy. The principle demonstrated here could be applied to other oxide systems.
Free-electron lasers have been successfully operated with ultrahigh brightness and excellent transverse coherence at X-ray wavelengths. One of the next goals for further improvements is full ...coherence. An obvious approach is to seed the free-electron laser interaction using a conventional source that has good temporal coherence. Here, we show the first lasing of a free-electron laser with an echo-enabled harmonic generation scheme, which shows great promise for producing coherent lasing at short wavelengths, even in the X-ray regime. The experiment was conducted at a test facility that combines a 135.4 MeV electron accelerator with an amplifier consisting of a series of undulator magnets. Lasing was achieved at the third harmonic of the seed with a gain of ∼100,000 over spontaneous radiation. The measurements show typical exponential growth and excellent spectral characteristics, as well as good intensity stability.
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