The objectives were to determine the impact of frailty and disability on 30-day mortality and whether the addition of these variables to HFRSS EFFECT risk score (FBI-EFFECT model) improves the ...short-term mortality predictive capacity of both HFRSS EFFECT and BI-EFFECT models in older patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) atended in the emergency department. We performed a retrospective analysis of OAK Registry including all consecutive patients ≥65 years old with ADHF attended in 3 Spanish emergency departments over 4 months. FBI-EFFECT model was developed by adjusting probabilities of HFRSS EFFECT risk categories according to the 6 groups (G1: non frail, no or mildly dependent; G2: frail, no or mildly dependent; G3: non frail, moderately dependent; G4: frail, moderately dependent; G5: severely dependent; G6: very severely dependent).We included 596 patients (mean age: 83 SD7; 61.2% females). The 30-day mortality was 11.6% with statistically significant differences in the 6 groups (p < 0.001). After adjusting for HFRSS EFFECT risk categories, we observed a progressive increase in hazard ratios from groups G2 to G6 compared with G1 (reference). FBI-EFFECT had a better prognostic accuracy than did HFRSS EFFECT (log-rank p < 0.001; Net Reclassification Improvement NRI = 0.355; p < 0.001; Integrated Discrimination Improvement IDI = 0.052; p ;< 0.001) and BI-EFFECT (log-rank p = 0.067; NRI = 0.210; p = 0.033; IDI = 0.017; p = 0.026). In conclusion, severe disability and frailty in patients with moderate disability are associated with 30-day mortality in ADHF, providing additional value to HFRSS EFFECT model in predicting short-term prognosis and establishing a care plan.
To assess the value of frailty screening tool (Identification of Senior at Risk ISAR) in predicting 30-day mortality risk in older patients attended in emergency department (ED) for acute heart ...failure (AHF).
Observational multicenter cohort study.
OAK-3 register.
Patients aged ≥65 years attended with ADHF in 16 Spanish EDs from January to February 2016.
No.
Variable of study was ISAR scale. The outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality.
We included 1059 patients (mean age 85±5.9 years old). One hundred and sixty (15.1%) cases had 0–1 points, 278 (26.3%) 2 points, 260 (24.6%) 3 points, 209 (19.7%) 4 points, and 152 (14.3%) 5–6 points of ISAR scale. Ninety five (9.0%) patients died within 30 days. The percentage of mortality increased in relation to ISAR category (lineal trend P value<.001). The area under curve of ISAR scale was 0.703 (95%CI 0.655–0.751; P<.001). After adjusting for EFFECT risk categories, we observed a progressive increase in odds ratios of ISAR scale groups compared to reference (0–1 points).
scale is a brief and easy tool that should be considered for frailty screening during initial assessment of older patients attended with AHF for predicting 30-day mortality.
Evaluar la utilidad de la escala de cribado de la fragilidad (Identification of Senior at Risk ISAR) para predecir la mortalidad a los 30 días en los pacientes mayores atendidos por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH).
Estudio multicéntrico observacional de cohorte multipropósito.
Registro OAK-3.
Pacientes ≥ 65 años atendidos por ICA en 16 SUH españoles de enero a febrero del 2016.
Ninguna.
La variable de estudio fue la escala ISAR. La variable de resultado fue la mortalidad por cualquier causa a los 30 días.
Se incluyó a 1.059 pacientes (edad media 85±5,9 años). Ciento sesenta (15,1%) casos tuvieron 0-1 puntos, 278 (26,3%) 2 puntos, 260 (24,6%) 3 puntos, 209 (19,7%) 4 puntos y 152 (14,3%) 5-6 puntos de la escala ISAR. Noventa y cinco (9,0%) pacientes fallecieron a los 30 días. La frecuencia de mortalidad se incrementó en relación a la categoría del ISAR (p tendencia lineal <0,001). El área bajo la curva de la escala ISAR fue de 0,703 (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 0,655-0,751; p <0,001). Tras el ajuste por las categorías del modelo de riesgo EFFECT, hubo un incremento progresivo de la razón de ventajas de los grupos de la escala ISAR en comparación con el grupo de referencia (0-1 puntos).
La escala ISAR es una herramienta breve y sencilla que debería ser considerada para el despistaje de la fragilidad en la valoración inicial de los pacientes mayores con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda de cara a predecir la mortalidad a 30 días.
Little is known about the prevalence and impact of risk of malnutrition on short-term mortality among seniors presenting with acute heart failure (AHF) in emergency setting. The objective was to ...determine the impact of risk of malnutrition on 30-day mortality risk among older patients who attended in Emergency Departments (EDs) for AHF.
We performed a secondary analysis of the OAK-3 Registry including all consecutive patients ≥65 years attending in 16 Spanish EDs for AHF. Risk of malnutrition was defined by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) < 12 points. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the association between risk of malnutrition and 30-day mortality.
We included 749 patients (mean age: 85 (SD 6); 55.8% females). Risk of malnutrition was observed in 594 (79.3%) patients. The rate of 30-day mortality was 8.8%. After adjusting for MEESSI-AHF risk score clinical categories (model 1) and after adding all variables showing a significantly different distribution among groups (model 2), the risk of malnutrition was an independent factor associated with 30-day mortality (adjusted OR by model 1 = 3.4; 95%CI 1.2–9.7; p = .020 and adjusted OR by model 2 = 3.1; 95%CI 1.1–9.0; p = .033) compared to normal nutritional status.
The risk of malnutrition assessed by the MNA-SF is associated with 30-day mortality in older patients with AHF who were attended in EDs. Routine screening of risk of malnutrition may help emergency physicians in decision-making and establishing a care plan.
•The frequency of risk of malnutrition is high in seniors with acute heart failure.•The risk of malnutrition is associated with 30-day mortality.•The routine screening may help emergency physicians in establishing a care plan.
To assess the value of frailty screening tool (Identification of Senior at Risk ISAR) in predicting 30-day mortality risk in older patients attended in emergency department (ED) for acute heart ...failure (AHF).
Observational multicenter cohort study.
OAK-3 register.
Patients aged ≥65 years attended with ADHF in 16 Spanish EDs from January to February 2016.
No.
Variable of study was ISAR scale. The outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality.
We included 1059 patients (mean age 85±5,9 years old). One hundred and sixty (15.1%) cases had 0-1 points, 278 (26.3%) 2 points, 260 (24.6%) 3 points, 209 (19.7%) 4 points, and 152 (14.3%) 5-6 points of ISAR scale. Ninety five (9.0%) patients died within 30 days. The percentage of mortality increased in relation to ISAR category (lineal trend P value <.001). The area under curve of ISAR scale was 0.703 (95%CI 0.655-0.751; P<.001). After adjusting for EFFECT risk categories, we observed a progressive increase in odds ratios of ISAR scale groups compared to reference (0-1 points).
scale is a brief and easy tool that should be considered for frailty screening during initial assessment of older patients attended with AHF for predicting 30-day mortality.
•Immunomodulatory treatment could improve the prognosis of COVID-19.•Patients who received anakinra as rescue therapy were compared with controls.•Anakinra did not improve in-hospital prognosis of ...patients after tocilizumab failure.
A subgroup of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was thought to have developed cytokine release syndrome and were treated with tocilizumab; however, a significant percentage of patients evolved. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of anakinra as a rescue treatment for patients with tocilizumab-refractory COVID-19 disease.
A prospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who received anakinra as salvage therapy after failure of tocilizumab were compared (1:1) with selected controls in a historical cohort of patients treated with tocilizumab. Cases and controls were matched by age, comorbidities, pulse oximetry oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2) ratio at baseline, and time elapsed since the initiation of treatment with tocilizumab. The primary outcome was the improvement in clinical status measured by a 6-point ordinal scale, from baseline to day 21.
The study included 20 cases and 20 controls (mean age 65.3 ± 12.8 years, 65% males). No differences were found in the clinical improvement rates at 7, 14 and 21 days of follow-up. The in-hospital mortality rate for patients receiving anakinra was 55% vs. 45% in the control group (P = 0.527).
Treatment with anakinra was not useful in improving the prognosis of patients with tocilizumab-refractory severe COVID-19.
A pro-inflammatory phenotype has been related to psychotic disorders. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an accessible biomarker that could be helpful to characterize this systemic inflammation ...state.
This study evaluated the NLR in a cohort of 310 subjects with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) and a matched group of 215 healthy controls, recruited in 16 Spanish centers participating in the PEPs Project. We investigated the NLR measures over 2 years in a prospective, naturalistic study.
At baseline, the FEP group showed a significant higher mean NLR compared to the control group (1.96 ± 1.11 vs 1.72 ± 0.74, P = 0.03). These ratio differences between groups grew at the 24 months follow-up visit (2.04 ± 0.86 vs 1.65 ± 0.65, P < 0.001). Within the FEP group, there were no significant differences in NLR across the follow-up visits, between genders or diagnosis groups (affective vs nonaffective). NLR values did not correlate with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale scores. The group of patients who did not reach remission criteria at the end of the study showed a significant higher NLR than those who remitted (2.1896 ± 0.85 vs 1.95 ± 0.87, P = 0.042). A significant correlation between antipsychotic doses and NLR was found at the two-years follow-up visit (r=0.461, P < 0.001).
Our results highlight the existence of an underlying predisposition of FEP patients to present an increased mean NLR. The use of NLR in clinical practice could be helpful to identify this inflammatory imbalance.
•Improvement at 14 days occurs in 63.3% of severe COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab.•Early administration of tocilizumab is associated with better clinical response.•A recruitment window of 48 hours ...from admission in tocilizumab randomized clinical trials is advisable.
Controversy remains about the efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) for the treatment of severe COVID-19. We aimed to analyze the profile of TCZ-respondent patients.
We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients with severe COVID-19 who received off-label TCZ after recommendation by a local committee and were admitted to the University Hospital “12 de Octubre” until May 2020. The primary end point was a significant clinical improvement (SCI) on day 14 after administration of TCZ. Factors independently related to SCI were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models.
Of 428 (63.3%) patients treated with TCZ, 271 (63.3%) experienced SCI. After adjustment for factors related to unfavorable outcomes, TCZ administration within the first 48 hours from admission (odds ratio OR: 1.98, 95% confidence Interval 95% CI: 1.1–3.55; P = 0.02) and ALT levels >100 UI/L at day 0 (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.3–8.1; P = 0.01) were independently related to SCI. The rate of SCI significantly decreased according to the time of TCZ administration: 70.2% in the first 48 hours from admission, 58.5% on days 3-7, and 45.1% after day 7 (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively).
TCZ improves the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 the most if treatment starts within the first 48 hours after admission.
•An increasing number of immunomodulatory therapies are being tested for COVID-19.•A survival benefit has been shown with the use of corticosteroids.•The role of combination therapy with ...corticosteroids and tocilizumab is unclear.•This study analyzed a single-center cohort of patients aged ≥65 years with severe COVID-19.•The sequential use of corticosteroids and tocilizumab was associated with better outcomes.
The role of combination immunomodulatory therapy with systemic corticosteroids and tocilizumab (TCZ) for aged patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine release syndrome remains unclear.
A retrospective single-center study was conducted on consecutive patients aged ≥65 years who developed severe COVID-19 between 03 March and 01 May 2020 and were treated with corticosteroids at various doses (methylprednisolone 0.5mg/kg/12h to 250mg/24h), either alone (CS group) or associated with intravenous tocilizumab (400–600mg, one to three doses) (CS-TCZ group). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality by day +14, whereas secondary outcomes included mortality by day +28 and clinical improvement (discharge and/or a ≥2 point decrease on a 6-point ordinal scale) by day +14. Propensity score (PS)-based adjustment and inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) were applied.
Totals of 181 and 80 patients were included in the CS and CS-TCZ groups, respectively. All-cause 14-day mortality was lower in the CS-TCZ group, both in the PS-adjusted (hazard ratio HR: 0.34; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.17–0.68; P=0.002) and IPTW-weighted models (odds ratio OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.21–0.68; P=0.001). This protective effect was also observed for 28-day mortality (PS-adjusted HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.21–0.72; P=0.003). Clinical improvement by day +14 was higher in the CS-TCZ group with IPTW analysis only (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.49–3.41; P<0.001). The occurrence of secondary infection was similar between both groups.
The combination of corticosteroids and TCZ was associated with better outcomes among patients aged ≥65 years with severe COVID-19.
IgA Nephropathy in Elderly Patients Sevillano, Angel M; Diaz, Monserrat; Caravaca-Fontán, Fernando ...
Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology,
08/2019, Letnik:
14, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Some studies suggest that the incidence of IgA nephropathy is increasing in older adults, but there is a lack of information about the epidemiology and behavior of the disease in that age group.
In ...this retrospective multicentric study, we analyzed the incidence, forms of presentation, clinical and histologic characteristics, treatments received, and outcomes in a cohort of 151 patients ≥65 years old with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy diagnosed between 1990 and 2015. The main outcome was a composite end point of kidney replacement therapy or death before kidney replacement therapy.
We found a significant increase in the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy over time from six patients in 1990-1995 to 62 in 2011-2015 (
value for trend =0.03). After asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (84 patients; 55%), AKI was the most common form of presentation (61 patients; 40%). Within the latter, 53 (86%) patients presented with hematuria-related AKI (gross hematuria and tubular necrosis associated with erythrocyte casts as the most important lesions in kidney biopsy), and eight patients presented with crescentic IgA nephropathy. Six (4%) patients presented with nephrotic syndrome. Among hematuria-related AKI, 18 (34%) patients were receiving oral anticoagulants, and this proportion rose to 42% among the 34 patients older than 72 years old who presented with hematuria-related AKI. For the whole cohort, survival rates without the composite end point were 74%, 48%, and 26% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Age, serum creatinine at presentation, and the degree of interstitial fibrosis in kidney biopsy were risk factors significantly associated with the outcome, whereas treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers was associated with a lower risk. Immunosuppressive treatments were not significantly associated with the outcome.
The diagnosis of IgA nephropathy among older adults in Spain has progressively increased in recent years, and anticoagulant therapy may be partially responsible for this trend. Prognosis was poor.
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_07_16_CJASNPodcast_19_08_.mp3.
Anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) is a relatively novel recognized entity characterized by hematuria-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) in the context of overanticoagulation. Preexisting or ...underlying kidney disease seems to be a predisposing factor; however, few studies have described histologic findings in patients with ARN. We aimed to evaluate underlying kidney pathology in patients on oral anticoagulation who presented an episode of AKI with hematuria in whom a kidney biopsy was performed.
Retrospective observational multicenter case study in patients treated with oral anticoagulants who developed macroscopic or intense hematuria followed by AKI. Only patients with available kidney biopsy specimens were included. Histologic findings and clinical data throughout follow-up were analyzed.
A total of 26 patients were included with a median age of 75 years (62–80) and a follow-up period of 10.1 months. Of the patients, 80% were male, and most cases (92%) were on anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). At admission, median serum creatinine (SCr) level was 4.2 mg/dl (2.8–8.2), median international normalized ratio (INR) 2.4 (1.5–3.4), and 11 patients (42%) required acute dialysis during hospitalization. Kidney biopsy results revealed that all patients except 1 had an underlying nephropathy: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in 19, probable IgAN in 1, diabetic nephropathy in 3, nephrosclerosis in 1, and idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis in 1. At 12 weeks after discharge, only 6 subjects (24%) attained complete kidney recovery whereas 7 (28%) remained on chronic dialysis.
IgAN was the most common underlying kidney disease in our biopsy-proven series of ARN, in which a significant percentage of patients did not achieve kidney function recovery.
Display omitted
PDF
