Summary
Obesity‐related glomerulopathy (ORG) is a silent comorbidity which is increasing in incidence as the obesity epidemic escalates. ORG is associated with serious health consequences including ...chronic kidney disease, end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), and increased mortality. Although the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of ORG are not fully understood, glomerular hemodynamic changes, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) overactivation, insulin‐resistance, inflammation and ectopic lipid accumulation seem to play a major role. Despite albuminuria being commonly used for the non‐invasive evaluation of ORG, promising biomarkers of early kidney injury that are emerging, as well as new approaches with proteomics and metabolomics, might permit an earlier diagnosis of this disease. In addition, the assessment of ectopic kidney fat by renal imaging could be a useful tool to detect and evaluate the progression of ORG. Weight loss interventions appear to be effective in ORG, although large‐scale trials are needed. RAAS blockade has a renoprotective effect in patients with ORG, but even so, a significant proportion of patients with ORG will eventually progress to ESRD despite therapeutic efforts. It is noteworthy that certain antidiabetic agents such as sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) could be useful in the treatment of ORG through different pleiotropic effects. In this article, we review current approaches and future perspectives in the care and treatment of ORG.
Summary
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in parallel with the rising prevalence of obesity, leading to major health and socioeconomic consequences. To date, the most effective ...therapeutic approach for NAFLD is weight loss. Accordingly, bariatric surgery (BS), which produces marked reductions in body weight, is associated with significant histopathological improvements in advanced stages of NAFLD, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. BS is also associated with substantial taxonomical and functional alterations in gut microbiota, which are believed to play a significant role in metabolic improvement after BS. Interestingly, gut microbiota and related metabolites may be implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD through diverse mechanisms, including specific microbiome signatures, short chain fatty acid production or the modulation of one‐carbon metabolism. Moreover, emerging evidence highlights the potential association between gut microbiota changes after BS and NASH resolution. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the relationship between NAFLD severity and gut microbiota, as well as the role of the gut microbiome and related metabolites in NAFLD improvement after BS.
Type 2 diabetes guidelines recommend glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and/or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for people living with type 2 diabetes (PLWT2D) with an ...established or high risk of cardiovascular disease and/or renal disease, regardless of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.1-3 Semaglutide is the first and only GLP-1 RA available for oral use. Despite its proven safety and efficacy in randomized clinical trials,4, 5 insights into its real-world use in clinical settings are needed.6We designed the ENDOcrinology Oral Sema Real-World Data (ENDO2S-RWD) study to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of oral semaglutide in a large cohort of PLWT2D in Spain. We assessed the factors associated with the clinical response and drug persistence.
Oleocanthal and oleacein are olive oil phenolic compounds with well known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The main evidence, however, is provided by experimental studies. Few human ...studies have examined the health benefits of olive oils rich in these biophenols. Our aim was to assess the health properties of rich oleocanthal and oleacein extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), compared to those of common olive oil (OO), in people with prediabetes and obesity.
Randomised, double-blind, crossover trial done in people aged 40–65 years with obesity (BMI 30–40 kg/m2) and prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%). The intervention consisted in substituting for 1 month the oil used for food, both raw and cooked, by EVOO or OO. No changes in diet or physical activity were recommended. The primary outcome was the inflammatory status. Secondary outcomes were the oxidative status, body weight, glucose handling and lipid profile. An ANCOVA model adjusted for age, sex and treatment administration sequence was used for the statistical analysis.
A total of 91 patients were enrolled (33 men and 58 women) and finished the trial. A decrease in interferon-γ was observed after EVOO treatment, reaching inter-treatment differences (P = 0.041). Total antioxidant status increased and lipid and organic peroxides decreased after EVOO treatment, the changes reaching significance compared to OO treatment (P < 0.05). Decreases in weight, BMI and blood glucose (p < 0.05) were found after treatment with EVOO and not with OO.
Treatment with EVOO rich in oleocanthal and oleacein differentially improved oxidative and inflammatory status in people with obesity and prediabetes.
Objective
The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is characterized by abdominal obesity and high levels of triglycerides. In a cross‐sectional assessment of PREDIMED‐Plus trial participants ...at baseline, HTGW phenotype prevalence was evaluated, associated risk factors were analyzed, and the lifestyle of individuals with metabolic syndrome and HTGW was examined.
Methods
A total of 6,874 individuals aged 55 to 75 with BMI ≥ 27 and < 40 kg/m2 were included and classified by presence (HTGW+) or absence (HTGW−) of HTGW (waist circumference: men ≥ 102 cm, women ≥ 88 cm; fasting plasma triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL). Analytical parameters and lifestyle (energy intake and expenditure) were analyzed.
Results
A total of 38.2% of the sample met HTGW+ criteria. HTGW+ individuals tended to be younger, have a greater degree of obesity, be sedentary, and be tobacco users. They had higher peripheral glucose, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; had lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; and had increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and physical activity were greater in HTGW− patients. Age, BMI, tobacco use, total energy expenditure, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and MedDiet adherence were associated with HTGW+.
Conclusions
HTGW is a highly prevalent phenotype in this population associated with younger age, higher BMI, tobacco use, and decreased MedDiet adherence. HTGW− individuals were more physically active with greater total physical activity, and fewer had hypertension.
In the last decades, obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Obesity is a chronic disease associated with a wide range of comorbidities, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes ...mellitus (T2D), which results in significant burden of disease and major consequences on health care systems. Of note, intricate interactions, including different signaling pathways, are necessary for the establishment and progression of these two closely related conditions. Altered cell-to-cell communication among the different players implicated in this equation leads to the perpetuation of a vicious circle associated with an increased risk for the development of obesity-related complications, such as T2D, which in turn contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. In this regard, the dialogue between the adipocyte and pancreatic beta cells has been extensively studied, although some connections are yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we explore the potential pathological mechanisms linking adipocyte dysfunction and pancreatic beta cell impairment/insulin resistance. In addition, we evaluate the role of emerging actors, such as the gut microbiome, in this complex crosstalk.
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•Hydrogen production from sacrificial methanol using Pt-P25 samples.•Measurement of the true quantum efficiency.•Interpretation of the efficiency with the help of in situ ...techniques.•Synergy between Pt and oxide to activate the sacrificial agent is key for activity.
A series of samples where platinum is deposited onto titania P25 using a chemical deposition method was tested in the photo-production of hydrogen using methanol as a sacrificial agent. The optimization of the platinum titania contact was analyzed as a function of the synthesis conditions. The catalysts’ structural and electronic properties were measured using a combination of porosimetry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, photoluminescence, and UV–visible spectroscopies, together with a microscopy study of the noble metal particle size distribution and an in situ infrared study of the catalysts under reaction conditions. The measurement of the optical properties of the catalyst suspensions and the subsequent calculation of the true quantum efficiency were used to show that a significant enhancement of ca. 250% can be achieved through the series of Pt-containing catalysts. The study provides solid evidence concerning the physical roots of the photoactivity behavior. For catalysts having equal Pt properties in terms of primary particle size and electron handling capability, a synergy between the noble metal and the oxide support at interface sites is shown to promote the conversion of carboxylate-type surface species into carbon dioxide and maximize the hydrogen yield of the reaction.
Decision-making in soccer has repercussions and depends on the environment of training or competition. The demands on the players can reveal if the decision-making is similar or different from that ...required during competition.
The aim of this study was to assess the physical and physiological responses of players in training matches (TM) and official competition matches (CM) according to the playing position (external defenders, internal defenders, midfielders, and forwards/extremes).
Twenty semi-professional male soccer players and 10 CM (n = 40) and 10 TM (n = 40) were studied using global positioning system technology, and paired and one-way ANOVA tests were carried out to compare physical (distances and number of sprints) and physiological (heart rates) responses with the factors a) match environments (TM and CM) and b) the playing position, respectively.
The results revealed that during CM, players covered higher total distance, partial distances, and sprints at different speeds (0-21 km/h) and produced higher physiological responses. Midfielders covered the greatest total distance in both TM (7227.6 m) and CM (11,225.9 m), in comparison to the other playing positions. However, forwards and extremes spent more time (56.8% of the CM d = 0.78) at 76% to 84% of their maximal heart rates.
First, the physical and physiological responses in TM were significantly lower than in CM. Second, these responses were different according to the playing position, so this study was able to verify the exact amount of variation between the load produced in TM and CM. These results will help the coach and technical staff to design training tasks to complement the responses found in TM.
La hiperpotasemia es una alteración electrolítica frecuente con consecuencias potencialmente graves a corto, medio y largo plazo, tanto en términos de morbilidad y mortalidad como de consumo de ...recursos del Sistema Nacional de Salud. El abordaje de la hiperpotasemia por diversas especialidades médicas y la reciente disponibilidad de nuevos tratamientos farmacológicos específicos hace necesaria una acción unificada y actualizada. El presente documento de consenso entre las sociedades científicas más directamente implicadas en el abordaje de la hiperpotasemia (Sociedad Española de Cardiología, Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna, Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias y Sociedad Española de Nefrología) repasa, en primer lugar, aspectos básicos del balance de potasio y de la potasemia, centrándose posteriormente en el concepto, epidemiología, fisiopatología, y abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de la hiperpotasemia. Se han revisado las evidencias y los principales estudios publicados con el objetivo de que sea una herramienta útil en el abordaje multidisciplinar del paciente con hiperpotasemia.
Hyperkalaemia is a common electrolyte imbalance with potentially serious short-, medium- and long-term consequences on morbidity and mortality rates and the use of national health service resources. The fact that different medical specialities can manage hyperkalaemia makes it important to have a unified approach, and the recent availability of new specific drug treatments means that the approach needs to be updated. This consensus document from the scientific societies most directly involved in the management of hyperkalaemia (Sociedad Española de Cardiología Spanish Society of Cardiology, Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine and Emergencies and Sociedad Española de Nefrología Spanish Society of Nephrology) first of all reviews basic aspects of potassium balance and blood potassium. Then it goes on to focus on the concept, epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to hyperkalaemia. The available evidence and the main published studies have been reviewed with the aim of providing a useful tool in the multidisciplinary approach to patients with hyperkalaemia.
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