Elisabeth S. Vrba's resource-use hypothesis suggests that speciation in biomes subjected to successive expansion-contraction-fragmentation during periods of climatic change generates high frequency ...of species restricted to a single biome (stenobiomic species). We compiled biome occupation for all terrestrial mammals and, using Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrated that patterns of biome occupation are congruent with those predicted by the resource-use hypothesis. Biome specialists are much more speciose than expected by chance, while there are fewer moderate biome generalists than expected. Despite their scarcity, extreme eurybiomic lineages show significant overrepresentation, which suggests they are seldom affected by climate-related extinction processes. Additionally, stenobiomic species are concentrated in biomes placed at the extremes of the climatic gradient, such as equatorial rainforest, subtropical desert, steppe, and tundra. Although this pattern is fairly maintained across different mammalian families, highlighting its universality, our analysis also found great variability. Exceptions to the predictions of the resource-use hypothesis seem to be associated to biome climatic or geographical heterogeneity, which favours vicariance in some biomes not placed in extremes of the climatic gradient (tropical deciduous woodland, sclerophyllous woodland-shrubland), as well as life-history differences across taxa, which generates a stronger trend to specialisation in small body size lineages than in larger mammals.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
BACKGROUNDStandard patch test series must be updated using objective data on allergen sensitization. The Spanish standard series was last updated in 2016 and the European series in 2019, and the ...inclusion of several emerging allergens needs to be evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODSWe conducted a prospective, observational, multicenter study of consecutive patients from the registry of the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC) who were patch tested in 2019 and 2020 with linalool hydroperoxide, limonene hydroperoxide, 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate, benzisothiazolinone, octylisothiazolinone, textile dye mix (TDM), sodium metabisulfite, propolis, bronopol, Compositae mix II, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, decyl glucoside, and lauryl glucoside. RESULTSWe analyzed data for 4654 patients tested with diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, and bronopol, and 1890 tested with the other allergens. The values for the MOAHLFA index components were 30% for male, 18% for occupational dermatitis, 15% for atopic dermatitis, 29% for hand, 6.5% for leg, 23% for face, and 68% for age > 40 years. Sensitization rates above 1% were observed for 7 allergens: linalool hydroperoxide, 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate, benzisothiazolinone, limonene hydroperoxide, TDM, sodium metabisulfite, and propolis. Three allergens had a current relevance rate of over 1%: linalool hydroperoxide, 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylat, and limonene hydroperoxide. Benzisothiazolinone and TDM had a relevance rate of between 0.9% and 1%. CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that 7 new allergens should be considered when extending the Spanish standard patch test series. The data from our series could be helpful for guiding the next extension of the European baseline series.
The aim of this study was to investigate how social responsibility marketing campaigns can be effective in branding for young millennials. An empirical model was applied in three specific cases of ...cause marketing targeting Generation Y. A total sample of 547 young people was obtained, and the data were analysed through the structural equation methodology using PLS data technical analysis. The results showed that, for millennials, marketing actions with a cause are effective in positioning the brands that carry them out favourably as long as requirements such as the alignment of their objectives with the social ideals and their closeness to millennials are met. Likewise, all the communication elements of the message will influence its effectiveness. This study provides new evidence on the attitudes of young millennials towards brands’ social marketing actions.
Branding; Millennials; Social marketing; Advertising message.
Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage associated with oral anticoagulants (ICH-OAC) has a high mortality rate. The emergence of new anticoagulant drugs and reversal protocols increases interest in ...this entity.
The main objective is to determine the mortality rate in patients with ICH-OAC (early, in-hospital, global) in our health area and to analyse the main variables related to it. The secondary objective is to determine the efficacy of anticoagulation reversal therapies (ART) as reflected by radiological expansion of the haematoma and the functional prognosis.
A prospective observational study that introduced a protocol aimed at the management of patients with ICH-OAC. It included general measures and neuromonitoring, individualised administration of ART, cranial tomography and a six-month follow-up. Data on the drugs prescribed in the area during this period, mortality and functional prognosis were collected. A bivariate and logistic regression study was designed to investigate mortality-related variables.
Forty-nine patients were included over three years; of these, 71.4% received ART. Mortality was 16.3% (first 24 hours), 53.1% (admission) and 61.2% (180 days). Lower survival was observed among patients with higher baseline scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (p < 0.0001), creatinine value (p = 0.02), International Normalised Index (p = 0.048), bleeding volume (p = 0.008), hydrocephalus (p = 0.015) and acenocoumarol intake (p = 0.030). Patients who did not receive ART had a greater rate of early mortality (p = 0.003). The only variable independently related to overall mortality was the baseline NIHSS score (odds ratio = 1.282; 95% confidence interval: 1.023-1.608; p = 0.031).
ICH-OAC has a high mortality rate, related to the use of acenocoumarol and regardless of the initial clinical situation. A lower rate of early mortality was found among patients who received ART.
A double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted according to EMA guidelines, to evaluate safety, tolerability and short-term treatment effects of three updosing regimens of Dermatophagoides ...pteronyssinus subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy.
Forty-eight patients were randomized to groups: A (six weekly doses), B (eight weekly doses) or C (eight doses, two clustered doses over 3 weeks).
The most frequent adverse events were local reactions. No serious adverse events were found. Severe systemic reactions were reported more frequently in Group C. Decreased cutaneous responses and increased specific IgGs were shown in all active groups, even within the short-term.
Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in depot presentation exhibited good safety and tolerability. Group A seemed to show the best profile for further clinical development.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of complications after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) and to evaluate its influence on both grafts' long-term results.
This ...was an observational, retrospective study including 39 consecutive SPKT cases from 2000-2018. Complications were classified into kidney-related and pancreas-related. The severity of complications was assessed using the modified Clavien-Dindo scale. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and log-rank tests were used. Cox regression was performed for the multivariate analysis.
All 39 recipients had long-term type I diabetes. Twenty-one (53.8%) patients suffered a Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIa complication. Most complications were pancreas-related, with 17 (43.6%) patients suffering from one. Kidney-related major complications were seen in 11 (28.2%) patients. Patient survival at one, five, and 15 years was 89.7%, 87.1%, and 83.9%, respectively; kidney survival was 87.1%, 81.4%, and 73.6%, respectively; and pancreas survival was 76.9%, 71.3%, and 72%, respectively. Pancreas graft survival was influenced by the presence of major postoperative complications; patients and kidney graft survival were not.
Complications after SPKT influence pancreas graft survival. Despite the high rate of complications, our results suggest that patients' and kidney graft survival may not be affected by complications.
PDF
