SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk After Vaccination Romero Ramírez, Dolores Sabina; Lara Pérez, María Magdalena; Carretero Pérez, Mercedes ...
Pediatrics (Evanston),
11/2021, Letnik:
148, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Passive and active immunity transfer through human milk (HM) constitutes a key element in the infant's developing immunity. Certain infectious diseases and vaccines have been described to induce ...changes in the immune components of HM.
We conducted a prospective cohort single-institution study from February 2 to April 4, 2021. Women who reported to be breastfeeding at the time of their coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination were invited to participate. Blood and milk samples were collected on day 14 after their second dose of the vaccine. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against nucleocapsid protein as well as IgG, immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against the spike 1 protein receptor-binding domain against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S1) were analyzed in both serum and HM samples.
Most of the participants (ie, 94%) received the BNT162b2 messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine. The mean serum concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S-IgG antibodies in vaccinated individuals was 3379.6 ± 1639.5 binding antibody units per mL. All vaccinated study participants had anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S1-IgG, and 89% of them had anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S-IgA in their milk. The antibody concentrations in the milk of mothers who were breastfeeding 24 months were significantly higher than in mothers with breastfeeding periods <24 months (
< .001).
We found a clear association between COVID-19 vaccination and specific immunoglobulin concentrations in HM. This effect was more pronounced when lactation periods exceeded 23 months. The influence of the lactation period on immunoglobulins was specific and independent of other variables.
Introducción: La distorsión de la imagen corporal se ha convertido en un problema mundial. La delgadez como patrón de belleza para las mujeres, y la musculación para los hombres, se han relacionado ...con el incremento de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). La práctica de ejercicio físico con fines estéticos o adictivos ha incrementado, así como la popularización de los gimnasios. Objetivos: Analizar los comportamientos ortoréxicos, conocer la influencia del género en los comportamientos psicológicos y analizar los hábitos de alimentación de una muestra que practica actividad física. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo en el que se realizó un cuestionario ad hoc, incorporando el test de Adherencia a Dieta Mediterránea, el Inventario de Expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-2), el Cuestionario de Comedor Emocional (EEQ) adaptado y la versión española del Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Además se realizó una valoración antropométrica a cada participante. Resultados: 264 sujetos fueron incluidos en el estudio (156 hombres), de 35,9 años (±11,1 años). Con IMC medio de 23,8 kg/m² (±3,1 kg/m²) y un porcentaje de grasa corporal total 20,8 (±8,7%). La puntuación media la Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea, fue 5,9 (±2,4). Se encontraron comportamientos de carácter ortorexico y obsesivo, y diferencias entre géneros, para algunos marcadores estudiados. Conclusiones: Los hábitos analizados ponen de manifiesto una tendencia al culto al cuerpo, más próximo al extremo patológico que al aspecto saludable, provocando alteraciones sobre la percepción, que traen como consecuencia la realización de dietas y la aparición de alteraciones como los TCA.
Nutritional and psychological habits in people who practice exercise San Mauro Martín, Ismael; Garicano Vilar, Elena; González Fernández, Miguel ...
Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral,
2014-Dec-01, 20141201, Letnik:
30, Številka:
6
Journal Article
The distorted body image has become a global problem. The thinness as a standard of beauty for women, and fitness for men, has been linked to an increase in eating behavior disorders. The physical ...exercise with aesthetic or addictive purposes has increased, as well as the popularity of gyms.
To analyze the orthorexics behavior, to know the influence of gender on psychological behavior and to analyze eating habits in a sample practicing physical activity.
Observational, descriptive and retrospective study in which an ad hoc questionnaire was performed, incorporating Adherence to Mediterranean diet test, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2), Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) and adapted the Spanish version of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Besides, anthropometric assessment was performed in each participant.
264 subjects were included in the study (156 men), 35.9 years (± 11.1 years). With mean BMI of 23.8 kg/m2 (± 3.1 kg/m2) and total body fat percentage 20.8 (± 8.7%). The average score Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was 5.9 (± 2.4). Orthorexic and obsessive behaviors were found, and between genders for some markers studied.
The habits analyzed show a tendency to body worship, closer to a pathological condition rather than to a healthy aspect, causing alterations on perception, that result in dieting and alterations such as eating disorders.
Introduction
Studies conducted by various scientific societies have shown that the demand for specialized rheumatology care is greater than the projected growth of the workforce. Our research aims to ...assess the current status of the rheumatology workforce in Latin America.
Method
This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. A survey was created on the RedCap platform. Data were analyzed with STATA 15® Software. We present descriptive analyses. The rate of inhabitants per rheumatologist was calculated using the number of rheumatologists practicing in each country and the inhabitants for year 2020.
Results
Our sample was composed by 19 PANLAR member countries in Latin America. Latin America has one rheumatologist per 106,838 inhabitants. The highest rate of rheumatologist per inhabitants was found in Uruguay (1 per 27,426 inhabitants), and the lowest was found in Nicaragua (1 per 640,648 inhabitants). Mean age was 51.59 (SD12.70), ranging between 28 and 96 years of age. Mean monthly compensation was USD $2382.6 (SD$1462.5). The country with lowest salary was Venezuela ($197), whereas the highest was Costa Rica ($4500).
Conclusions
There is a high variability in rheumatologists’ workforce characteristics in Latin America. These results could lead to policies aiming to increase the availability and income of rheumatologists, in order to increase opportunity and quality of care of patients living with rheumatic diseases.
Key Points
• The rheumatologists’ workforce varies significantly among Latin American countries.
• The supply of rheumatologists is insufficient for meeting the increasing need for specialists in this field.
Demand for rheumatology care has steadily increased in recent years. The number of specialists in this field, however, seems insufficient. No recent studies have diagnosed the attributes of ...rheumatology training in Latin America.
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. We obtained data on each country through local rheumatologists of the Pan-American League Against Rheumatism, who acted as principal investigators for participating countries. Our sample was analyzed and described through means and standard deviations or through frequencies and percentages, depending on the variable.
Countries with the most rheumatology-training programs were Brazil (n = 50), Argentina (n = 18), and Mexico (n = 15). Ecuador, Honduras, and Nicaragua do not have rheumatology-training programs. The countries with the most available slots for rheumatology residents were Brazil (n = 126) and Argentina (n = 36). To be admitted into rheumatology training, candidates were required to have completed graduate studies in internal medicine in 42.1% of the programs. In 8 countries (42.1%), residents are not required to pay tuition; the median cost of tuition in the remaining countries is US $528 (interquartile range, US $2153).
Conditions associated with rheumatology training in Latin America vary. Significant differences exist in income and tuition fees for residents, for example, and 4 countries in Latin America do not currently offer programs. Information collected in this study will be useful when comparing the status of rheumatology services offered in Latin America with those in other countries. Most countries require a wider offering of rheumatology-training programs, as well as more available slots.
este libro compila reflexiones y experiencias en responsabilidad social y ética profesional desde instituciones de Educación Superior. La responsabilidad social universitaria, como ámbito de ...investigación y de desarrollo conceptual y metodológico es transversal a las universidades, tanto desde el punto de vista organizacional, como desde el misional e investigativo. Quienes impulsen la responsabilidad social, requieren de ética profesional, que debe ser la clave para la construcción de principios que guíen a empresarios, políticos, gestores sociales, investigadores, entre otros, para lograr consensuar el a veces difícil equilibrio entre el bien común y el desarrollo personal.
Background
Rheumatic diseases are a reason for frequent consultation with primary care doctors. Unfortunately, there is a high percentage of misdiagnosis.
Objective
To design an algorithm to be used ...by primary care physicians to improve the diagnostic approach of the patient with joint pain, and thus improve the diagnostic capacity in four rheumatic diseases.
Methods
Based on the information obtained from a literature review, we identified the main symptoms, signs, and paraclinical tests related to the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis with peripheral involvement, systemic lupus erythematosus with joint involvement, and osteoarthritis. We conducted 3 consultations with a group of expert rheumatologists, using the Delphi technique, to design a diagnostic algorithm that has as a starting point “joint pain” as a common symptom for the four diseases.
Results
Thirty-nine rheumatologists from 18 countries of Ibero-America participated in the Delphi exercise. In the first consultation, we presented 94 items to the experts (35 symptoms, 31 signs, and 28 paraclinical tests) candidates to be part of the algorithm; 74 items (25 symptoms, 27 signs, and 22 paraclinical tests) were chosen. In the second consultation, the decision nodes of the algorithm were chosen, and in the third, its final structure was defined. The Delphi exercise lasted 8 months; 100% of the experts participated in the three consultations.
Conclusion
We present an algorithm designed through an international consensus of experts, in which Delphi methodology was used, to support primary care physicians in the clinical approach to patients with joint pain.
Key Points
• We developed an algorithm with the participation of rheumatologists from 18 countries of Ibero-America, which gives a global vision of the clinical context of the patient with joint pain.
• We integrated four rheumatic diseases into one tool with one common symptom: joint pain. It is a novel tool, as it is the first algorithm that will support the primary care physician in the consideration of four different rheumatic diseases.
• It will improve the correct diagnosis and reduce the number of paraclinical tests requested by primary care physicians, in the management of patients with joint pain. This point was verified in a recently published study in the journal Rheumatology International (reference number 31).
Current Situation and Challenges in Vitreous Substitutes Mondelo‐García, Cristina; Bandín‐Vilar, Enrique; García‐Quintanilla, Laura ...
Macromolecular bioscience,
August 2021, 2021-08-00, 20210801, Letnik:
21, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Vitreo‐retinal disorders constitute a significant portion of treatable ocular diseases. These pathologies often require vitreo‐retinal surgery and, as a consequence, the use of vitreous substitutes. ...Nowadays, the vitreous substitutes that are used in clinical practice are mainly divided into gases (air, SF6, C2F6, C3F8) and liquids (perfluorocarbon liquids, silicone oils, and heavy silicone oils). There are specific advantages and drawbacks to each of these, which determine their clinical indications. However, developing the ideal biomaterial for vitreous substitution continues to be one of the most important challenges in ophthalmology, and a multidisciplinary approach is required. In this sense, recent research has focused on the development of biocompatible, biodegradable, and injectable hydrogels (natural, synthetic, and smart), which also act as medium and long‐term internal tamponade agents. This comprehensive review aims to cover the main characteristics and indications for use of the extensive range of vitreous substitutes that are currently used in clinical practice, before going on to describe the hydrogels that have been developed recently and which have emerged as promising biomaterials for vitreous substitution.
Nowadays, there are many drawbacks associated with the different agents used in clinical practice for vitreous substitution. The development of the ideal biomaterial for vitreous substitution remains one of the most important challenges in ophthalmology. In this sense, recent research has focused on the development of biocompatible, biodegradable, and injectable biomaterials, which constitute a promising alternative for vitreous substitution.
OBJECTIVEThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide since December 2019. Neurologic symptoms have been reported as part of the clinical spectrum of the disease. We aimed to ...determine whether neurologic manifestations are common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to describe their main characteristics.
METHODSWe systematically reviewed all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital in a Spanish population during March 2020. Demographic characteristics, systemic and neurologic clinical manifestations, and complementary tests were analyzed.
RESULTSOf 841 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (mean age 66.4 years, 56.2% men), 57.4% developed some form of neurologic symptom. Nonspecific symptoms such as myalgias (17.2%), headache (14.1%), and dizziness (6.1%) were present mostly in the early stages of infection. Anosmia (4.9%) and dysgeusia (6.2%) tended to occur early (60% as the first clinical manifestation) and were more frequent in less severe cases. Disorders of consciousness occurred commonly (19.6%), mostly in older patients and in severe and advanced COVID-19 stages. Myopathy (3.1%), dysautonomia (2.5%), cerebrovascular diseases (1.7%), seizures (0.7%), movement disorders (0.7%), encephalitis (n = 1), Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 1), and optic neuritis (n = 1) were also reported, but less frequent. Neurologic complications were the main cause of death in 4.1% of all deceased study participants.
CONCLUSIONSNeurologic manifestations are common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. In our series, more than half of patients presented some form of neurologic symptom. Clinicians need to maintain close neurologic surveillance for prompt recognition of these complications. The mechanisms and consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 neurologic involvement require further studies.
•Seipin, encoded by BSCL2 gene, is involved in brain function.•Several BSCL2 variants are related with different neurological diseases.•Some BSCL2 variants can lead to a severe neurodegenerative ...disorders.•A new de novo BSCL2 variant (c.566 T > A) is related to an epileptic encephalopathy.
We present the case of 2 siblings with profound refractory epilepsy and neurological regression that began at the ages of 3 and 6 months. Diagnosis remained elusive despite extensive metabolic and genetic workups, including use of a targeted next-generation sequencing panel for epilepsy genes.
Whole-exome sequencing was performed for the 2 siblings and their unaffected parents, in addition to fibroblast cell culture, RNA extraction and reverse-transcription, and cDNA PCR. Brain tissue from one of the siblings was collected post-mortem for neuropathological examination, including histology and immunohistochemistry.
Ade novo nucleotide change (c.566 T > A; p.(Met189Lys)) in exon 4 of the BSCL2 gene was detected in the 2 siblings, and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This variant was absent in the parents and in a third, unaffected sibling.
Given thede novo nature of the variant, its absence from public and in-house databases, our in silico pathogenicity predictions, and co-segregation of the variant with the disease phenotype, we believe that this novel variant is associated with the epileptic encephalopathy phenotype of the 2 siblings. Our findings provide the first evidence of an association between a heterozygous BSCL2 variant and developmental and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Further functional studies will be needed to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this new BSCL2-associated phenotype.
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