Software vulnerabilities overview: A descriptive study Sanchez, Mario Calin; de Gea, Juan Manuel Carrillo; Fernandez-Aleman, Jose Luis ...
Tsinghua science and technology,
4/2020, Letnik:
25, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Objectives
We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID‐19 with people with HIV (PWH) and without (non‐PWH) HIV co‐infection in Spain during the first ...wave of the pandemic.
Methods
This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active‐follow‐up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non‐PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID‐19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID‐19. The main outcome was all‐cause in‐hospital mortality.
Results
Forty‐five PWH with PCR‐confirmed COVID‐19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex‐matched controls were selected from the COVID‐19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1–Q3, 46–56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV‐RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1–Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349–798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non‐PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non‐PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non‐PWH (P = 0.800).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that well‐controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 hospitalization.
A mobile personal health record (mPHR) for pregnancy monitoring allows the pregnant woman to track and manage her personal health data. However, owing to the privacy and security issues that may ...threaten the exchange of this sensitive data, a privacy policy should be established. The aim of this study is to evaluate the privacy policies of 19 mPHRs for pregnancy monitoring (12 for iOS and 7 for Android) using a template covering the characteristics of privacy, security, and standards and regulations. The findings of this study show that none of the privacy policies evaluated entirely comply with the characteristics studied. The developers of mPHRs for pregnancy monitoring are, therefore, requested to improve and pay more attention to the structure and the content of the privacy policies of their apps.
A low CD4/CD8 ratio during antiretroviral therapy (ART) identifies people with heightened immunosenescence and increased risk of mortality. We aimed to assess the effects of integrase strand transfer ...inhibitor (INSTI)-based, protease inhibitor-based, or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based first-line ART on long-term CD4/CD8 ratio recovery.
This prospective cohort study included 13 026 individuals with HIV registered in the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) cohort recruited from 45 Spanish hospitals. We included HIV-positive people who started triple ART (two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NRTI with a NNRTI, protease inhibitor, or INSTI) and had HIV RNA suppression within 48 weeks. We used piecewise linear mixed models adjusted for potential confounders to compare longitudinal changes in the CD4/CD8 ratio between people receiving three different types of ART. We used Cox proportional-hazard models to compare the times to CD4/CD8 normalisation between the treatment groups, using cutoff ratios of 0·4, 1·0, and 1·5.
6804 individuals contributing 37 149 persons-years and 37 680 observations were analysed; median follow-up was 49 months (IQR 22-89). INSTI-based ART was associated with greater CD4/CD8 gain (change per year compared with INSTI was coefficient -0·07 95% CI -0·08 to -0·06 for NNRTI and was -0·08 -0·09 to -0·08 for protease inhibitors). Differences were observed from the first year of therapy and were driven by changes in both CD4 and CD8 cell counts. Subanalyses at different time periods suggested that these differences were driven by changes during the first year of ART without significant differences in the adjusted CD4/CD8 ratio trajectories after the second year of ART (change per year compared with INSTI was coefficient -0·03 95% CI -0·05 to -0·13 for NNRTI and was -0·06 95% CI -0·08 to -0·04 for protease inhibitors). Although no differences in the time until CD4/CD8 normalisation at a cutoff ratio of no less than 0·4 were reported between any of the groups, compared with the INSTI group, both the NNRTI and protease inhibitor groups showed lower rates of normalisation at cutoff ratios of 1·0 or more (adjusted hazard ratio 0·80 95% CI 0·72-0·89 for the NNRTI group and 0·79 0·69-0·89 for the protease inhibitor group), and 1·5 or more (0·79 0·65-0·95 for the NNRTI group and 0·78 0·64-0·97 for the protease inhibitor group). No differences were found between the different integrases in the time until CD4/CD8 normalisation. Subanalyses adjusted for the backbone NRTIs and allowing observations after virological failure yielded similar results.
This study provides new evidence that reinforces the positioning of INSTI-based therapies as a first choice and underlines the importance of analysing the effects of therapeutic interventions on biomarkers linked with morbidity and mortality beyond the plasma HIV RNA and the CD4 cell counts.
Spanish AIDS Research Network (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), European Development Regional Fund "A way to achieve Europe".
Abstract
Objectives
To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG)/lamivudine (3TC) among treatment-naive and virologically suppressed treatment-experienced individuals in the ...multicentre cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) during the years 2018–2021.
Methods
We used multivariable regression models to compare viral suppression (VS) HIV RNA viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL and the change in CD4 cell counts at 24 and 48 (±12) weeks after initiation with dolutegravir/lamivudine or other first-line ART regimens.
Results
We included 2160 treatment-naive subjects, among whom 401 (18.6%) started with dolutegravir/lamivudine. The remaining subjects started bictegravir (BIC)/emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) (n = 949, 43.9%), DTG + FTC/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) (n = 282, 13.1%), DTG/3TC/abacavir (ABC) (n = 255, 11.8%), darunavir (DRV)/cobicistat(COBI)/FTC/TAF (n = 147, 6.8%) and elvitegravir (EVG)/COBI/FTC/TAF (n = 126, 5.8%). At 24 and 48 weeks after starting dolutegravir/lamivudine, 91.4% and 93.8% of the subjects, respectively, achieved VS. The probability of achieving VS with dolutegravir/lamivudine was not significantly different compared with any other regimen at 24 or 48 weeks, with the exception of a lower chance of achieving VS at 24 weeks for DRV/COBI/FTC/TAF (adjusted OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.30–0.74) compared with dolutegravir/lamivudine.
For the analysis of treatment-experienced virally suppressed subjects we included 1456 individuals who switched to dolutegravir/lamivudine, among whom 97.4% and 95.5% maintained VS at 24 and 48 weeks, respectively. During the first 48 weeks after dolutegravir/lamivudine initiation, 1.0% of treatment-naive and 1.5% of treatment-experienced subjects discontinued dolutegravir/lamivudine due to an adverse event.
Conclusions
In this large multicentre cohort, effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir/lamivudine were high among treatment-naive and treatment-experienced subjects.
Resumen Objetivo Conocer la opinión de los pacientes del Servicio Murciano de Salud sobre la adopción de historias personales de salud (HPS) y los factores a ella asociados. Métodos Estudio ...transversal descriptivo mediante encuesta personal a una muestra de la población (N = 156) entre 14 y 80 años de edad de cinco centros de salud de las áreas VI y VII pertenecientes al Servicio Murciano de Salud. Resultados El 87,8% de la población declaró que utilizaría una HPS. Los encuestados entre 24 y 33 años de edad tienen un probabilidad 13,15 veces mayor (intervalo de confianza del 95% IC95%: 1,09-157,42) de adoptar una HPS que las personas mayores de 63 años. Se observó una menor probabilidad de adoptar una HPS entre los no usuarios de Internet, con una odds ratio de 0,31 (IC95%: 0,07-1,29), sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones Aunque hay un desconocimiento generalizado entre los pacientes del Servicio Murciano de Salud sobre qué es una HPS, la mayoría estaría dispuesta a utilizarla.
Usevalia: Managing Inspection-Based Usability Audits Sobrino-Duque, Raimel; Carrillo-de-Gea, Juan Manuel; López-Jiménez, Juan José ...
International journal of human-computer interaction,
02/2024, Letnik:
40, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Heuristic evaluation provides usability auditors with a structured flow of activities that enables them to obtain reliable, comparable and cost-effective usability evaluation results. Tools ...supporting heuristic evaluation are scarce in literature. Usevalia is an Internet-based tool that manages usability audits on the basis of heuristic evaluation. This article presents the main features of Usevalia, together with a validation of the software by following the Technology Acceptance Model, which verified the users' perceptions of Usevalia as regards usefulness, ease of use, attitude and intention to use. A total of 22 students enrolled on a human-computer interaction course were involved in the validation. According to the results of the survey conducted with them, the proposed tool is easy to use (MD = 4.00 out of 5) and useful for conducting usability audits based on heuristic evaluation (MD = 4.00 out of 5). An expert-based validation was also carried out in order to thoroughly compare Usevalia's features with those of a spreadsheet-based tool that performs usability audits in the traditional manner. This comparative analysis made it possible to conclude that the Usevalia tool has a higher perceived usefulness (M = 4.43) and perceived ease of use (M = 4.13) than a traditional audit tool, such as the Usability Datalogger spreadsheet (M = 2.43 and M = 3.03, respectively).
The paper focuses on and examines the issues and problems related to remote evaluation of software engineering competences using progressive competence representation model. Authors suggested ...original approach for Master Program in Software Engineering competence evaluation as a combination academic competences and professional competences from European Competence model (e-CF). Examples of competence description for 16 subjects from proposed a Joint Master Program in Software Engineering are developed. Several types of scoring rubrics for Software Engineering competences evaluation are reviewed and rubrics’ templates created. The developed models and templates can be used by universities and IT enterprises for training results evaluation as well as for competence evaluation for Software Engineering Master program's graduates.
Objective. This work sought to analyze the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and social networks among the university nursing faculty staff in Spain. Methodology. This was a ...descriptive, cross-sectional study using a questionnaire on ICT skills designed to comply with the research objective, which was evaluated by experts and which was subjected to exploratory analysis of principal components; the reliability of this instrument measured with Cronbach’s alpha was 0.85. The information technology tool used to publish the questionnaire on line was Limesurvey. The sample comprised 165 professors from 25 Nursing Faculties and Schools from universities in Spain. Results. Seventy one percent of the total surveyed used internet services to look for information, 63% used the internet as a means for formation and learning, and 72% used it as a communication platform (e-mail and virtual platforms like Sakai and Moodle). Although 51% of the teaching staff surveyed had more than 120 students registered in their courses, hypothesis testing revealed that the number of students in class is not a determining factorfor the teaching staff to have greater interest to update its knowledge in ICTs. Younger professors use new technologies more profusely and the most-valued advantage of using ICTs was quick access to information. Professors perceive that after the Bologna Declaration, which requires modifying their teaching-learning processes through the new teaching methodologies, a drop has been produced in their performance and that of their peers in their area of knowledge. Conclusion. The nursing teaching staff is making strong efforts to confront the new challenges posed by ICTs to train the professionals of the 21st century. It is fundamental to pay special attention to improving the university teaching staff’s skills in managing ICTs, promoting the implementation of the knowledge acquired.
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