This article focuses on the stories of women living with HIV concerning sexuality and well-being. Their stories counter the dominant perception of women's sexuality and challenge the social norms ...shaping their lives. Ten women between the ages of 28 and 55 were interviewed. At the interview time, five of the women were unemployed and one retired, four had a partner, and five had children. The semi-structured interviews were conducted following a face-to-face format in which the sex-affective area was explored, examining its relevance, the women's satisfaction, the difficulties they encountered, and the impact on their well-being. The results reflect the diversity of their experiences and the subordinate position they were in and their difficulties in meeting their sexual needs and achieving optimal levels of well-being. The data also reveals the status accorded to being a woman and being HIV-positive as factors affecting her sexual experience, as well as the difficulties she faced in obtaining satisfaction or care. Finally, this paper emphasizes the need to explore the obstacles in relation to living with HIV, including gender and sexuality, all of which must be taken into account in policy implementation and social policymaking.
Although adolescence has been defined as a stage of vulnerability, due to the biopsychosocial changes that happen throughout this developmental stage, it is also one of growth. Some of the core ...personal competencies that have been identified to promote positive development at this stage while simultaneously preventing risks are: (1) a positive sense of self, (2) self-regulation, (3) decision-making skills, (4) a moral system of belief, and (5) prosocial connectedness. There are many factors and contexts that influence adolescent development. The school climate, for example, has the capacity to promote positive development and life satisfaction, yet on the other hand, it is a context within which different forms of violence, such as bullying, can occur. The principal aim of this study, therefore, is to analyze the influence that bullying has on one's life satisfaction, while taking into account participants' socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., gender and developmental stage), their core personal competencies (i.e., problem solving strategies, empathy, emotional repair, self-esteem, and values), and the school climate. To obtain data, a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted with a sample of 647 Spanish students (53.3% female), ranging in age from preadolescence (10-13 years old; 60.3%) to mid-adolescence (14-18 years old; 39.7%), and belonging to diverse socio-economic contexts (15.3% rural) and schools (32.1% public). After gaining informed consent from both the participants and their parents, students completed the survey voluntarily, and under anonymity. Initially results show that gender, developmental stage, and having been bullied were predictors of participants' levels of life satisfaction. When the core personal competencies were also considered in data analysis process, self-esteem, emotional repair, and social values were those demonstrating significant effects on one's life satisfaction; moreover, being bullied was a significant predictor too. Finally, after taking school climate into account, only this variable as well as self-esteem and emotional repair were significant predictors of life satisfaction: the other assessed variables were no longer found to be significant predictors (i.e., gender, developmental stage, being bullied, and social values). These results have important implications for education objectives, methodologies, and school functioning: school climate, self-esteem and emotional repair seem to be particularly important for promoting student life satisfaction and for preventing the negative consequences associated with being bullied.
The role of sexual satisfaction in adolescents and young adults' mental health has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this work is to study differences in sexual satisfaction and mental ...health (anxiety and depression) based on romantic relationship status (having a partner vs. not having one) and gender. Likewise, the association between sexual satisfaction and mental health and the moderating effect of romantic relationship status and gender was addressed in this research. A total of 1682 Spanish adolescents (14-17) and young adults (18-29) agreed to participate in this cross-sectional investigation. Two-factor ANOVA and MANOVA, and hierarchical regression models were utilized in this study. In general, results showed more difficulties in sexual satisfaction and mental health for those not in a current relationship and for women. Additionally, higher levels of sexual satisfaction was associated with lower levels of anxiety for adolescents and lower levels of depression for young adults. These associations were stronger for those in a current relationship. This study highlights the importance of sexual satisfaction as a modifying factor against mental health problems, especially in the context of a current romantic relationship.
Abstract
This article explores, within the context of a Spanish Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) organisation, certain vital areas of the lives of ten women with HIV. The main objective of ...this study is to identify and gain in-depth knowledge regarding which aspects or experiences facilitate or hinder the lives of women living with HIV. Qualitative research was designed and developed collaboratively by social workers whose responsibilities involved carrying out support tasks within the organisation. By way of semi-structured and in-depth interviews, these social workers and researchers were able to acquire personal stories which gave them valuable insight into the lives of women living with AIDS. Further analysis revealed those subjective experiences which the women consider to be the most pertinent in terms of their interests and concerns. Specifically, this work takes into account conditions which the women identify as being particularly challenging, such as the functionality of health and social services, as well as the process of obtaining full citizenship. This information serves as a guide by which to improve those conditions that have previously prevented these women from sharing their stories and experiences in relation to living with HIV within the field of social work intervention.
This article draws on a qualitative research project concerning the relationship between trans people's mental health and wellbeing, pressures, social policy, and heteronormative gender norms in ...Spain. Drawing on interviews carried out with trans people from all regions and generations, we use an ecological framework to illustrate how a socially entrenched heteronormativity pressures trans people to comply with gender norms that impact negatively their mental health and wellbeing. The article argues that the legal changes in Spain are not enough in themselves to bring about social change, but, rather, Spanish social policy makers also need to challenge gender categorization and work toward transforming public discourses on gender issues if trans people are to gain full social recognition and equal social rights.
Correlates of a Positive Parenting Experience in Prison Carretero-Trigo, Miryam; Carcedo, Rodrigo J; Fernández-Rouco, Noelia
International journal of environmental research and public health,
01/2021, Letnik:
18, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The two goals of this study were: (1) to explore the relationship of a parent's experience in prison in combination with a range of characteristics relating to the parent in prison, to the children, ...and to the caregiver, and (2) to explore the role of sex and nationality in this relationship. A total of 202 parents in prison (99 men and 103 women; 106 Spanish and 96 foreigners) participated in this study. To maximize the understanding of the questions, in-person interviews were conducted to collect answers to the questionnaire. The findings particularly highlight the importance of the role of the primary caregiver in ensuring that the parent in prison has a positive parenting experience during incarceration. More specifically, the parent in prison reports a better parenting experience when they perceive the primary caregiver as a link between themselves and their children in a positive way. This finding points to the importance of intervention and research on this relationship in order to enhance parental satisfaction and the relationship between the imprisoned parent and their children, as well as the family's resilience during parental imprisonment.
Background: School-based mentoring provided by teachers contributes to the ultimate goal of education: all-round student development and a good mutual coexistence. Aims: This study investigates ...secondary school students’ perceptions of a school climate and school-based mentoring provided by teachers; it also examines the relationship between the school climate and peer aggression, and the moderating effect that teacher-led school mentoring could have on this relationship. Methodology: A total of 441 students between 12 and 17 years old (M = 13.99, SD = 1.33) were surveyed in Cantabria (Spain); the high schools were selected by means of a random sampling of two-stage clusters. Findings: The results demonstrated a direct negative relationship between a school climate and school-based mentoring with respect to peer aggression victimization. Likewise, mentoring showed a moderating effect on the relationship between a school climate and peer aggression victimization. Further implications: These findings highlight the importance of the school climate in preventing peer aggression and the central role that school-based mentoring plays in the relationship between a school climate and peer aggression victimization.
Sexual violence is a worldwide health and social issue. However, little is known about the sexual violence that occurs in the context of romantic relationships. This study analyzes the existence of ...sexual violence in adolescents' romantic relationships, the possible associations between such violence (both committed and suffered) and myths about sexual aggression and sexual assertiveness, and the possible gender-related distinctions. A sample of 329 students aged between 15 and 19 (M = 16.3; SD = 0.79) was surveyed; all participants were in a romantic relationship when the data were collected. The results reveal that both genders report the existence of sexual violence in their romantic relationships; however, in heterosexual relationships, males were more often the perpetrators of sexual violence. Additionally, myths about sexual aggression and sexual assertiveness were found to be significantly associated with both perpetration and victimization. Accordingly, these predictors should be focal points in prevention programs for adolescent sexual violence. The findings of this study show the de-prioritization of sexuality education in the Spanish educational system, as well as the need to strengthen the competence of adolescents in this area.
This study explores the responses used by bullying or cyberbullying bystanders at school (Study 1) and analyzes the influence that values have on applying these strategies (Study 2). A total of 638 ...students (44.1% boys; 55.9% girls) aged 10 to 18 (M = 13, SD = 1.76) who had witnessed some form of bullying or cyberbullying participated in the study. Of these, 145 (44.6% boys; 55.4% girls) aged between 10 to 17 (M = 12.8, SD = 1.76) responded to how they had dealt with the situation. A mixed research methodology was applied. The results showed that adolescent bystanders primarily engaged in proactive strategies. Furthermore, social values appear to be associated with actions to support the victim and may act as preventive factors for other maladaptive responses. These results provide an indicator to consider in the school's efforts to support social coexistence.
Resumen Introducción. Las diferentes formas de vivir la sexualidad, alternativas a la dominante, han recibido, históricamente, respuestas en forma de violencia y rechazo social e institucional. Sin ...embargo, no son abundantes los estudios que las analizan a través de experiencias personales vividas en entornos educativos. Objetivo. Con esta investigación se ha pretendido acceder a las distintas formas a través de las cuales se puede manifestar la normatividad sexual y de género en centros escolares (e.g., las relaciones interpersonales, los conocimientos del profesorado, las prácticas docentes, etc.) y sus posibles efectos en el alumnado transgénero. Metodología. La técnica empleada para lograr estos objetivos ha sido la entrevista semiestructurada, la cual fue validada por un gabinete de personas expertas. Este instrumento pudo aplicarse a dos participantes: a la abuela y cuidadora de una niña transgénero de seis años de edad y a la maestra de esta. Resultados. Se observó que dicha normatividad aparecía en tres niveles: institucional (nivel macro), escolar (nivel meso) y personal (nivel micro). Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de políticas específicas y la fuerte influencia mediática en el primer nivel, el desconocimiento y resistencias del centro educativo, en el segundo, y las prácticas estereotipadas, la violencia puntual y su impacto, en el tercero. Conclusión. La falta de políticas específicas, la escasa formación en género y sexualidad y los prejuicios interiorizados pueden suponer un obstáculo a la libre expresión de la diversidad en las aulas.
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