Photodegradation of PLA/PE, PLA/PE/TiO
2
nanospheres and PLA/PE/TiO
2
nanotubes was obtained under simulated sunlight. The nanocomposites were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron ...microscopy and tensile-deformation measurements. TiO
2
nanospheres and TiO
2
nanotubes were found to present different effects on the crystallinity of PLA and a straight correlation between structural organization and photostability was observed. According to the results, TiO
2
promotes the degradation of PLA and PE, affecting the organizational level of the polymers. By adding TiO
2
nanoparticles to the PLA/PE films, vibration modes characteristic of degradation products were promptly observed and the lifetime of the polymer decreased when compared to the PLA/PE without TiO
2
nanoparticles. Mechanical measurements showed an improvement of the mechanical properties when adding the TiO
2
nanoparticles.
Polycrystalline diamond films were grown on WC–Co substrates by microwave assisted chemical vapor deposition using a gas mixture of hydrogen, oxygen and methane. The diamond coated WC–Co substrates ...were processed at high pressure (7.7 GPa) and high temperature (1000 °C) and their mechanical behavior was investigated by hardness instrumented testing before and after the high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) processing. The results indicated the diamond films became less friable after the HPHT processing, probably due to the infiltration of Co from the substrate. This conclusion was corroborated by corrosion tests performed with the samples before and after the HPHT processing.
Neste trabalho serão apresentados os resultados referentes à síntese e caracterização de materiais híbridos constituídos de nanotubos de TiO2 e clusters de CdSe (Nt-TiO2/CdSe), além de sua aplicação ...em células fotoeletroquímicas utilizadas na produção de hidrogênio (H2). A primeira etapa do trabalho envolveu a síntese e caracterização dos nanotubos de TiO2. Inicialmente foram encontradas as condições ótimas para síntese e tratamento térmico dos nanotubos. Foi observado que nanotubos de TiO2 apresentam melhor resposta fotoeletroquímica quando obtidos com cerca de 1 μm de comprimento, no entando a temperaturas de tratamento termico estudas neste trabalho não afetaram sifnificativamente seu comportamento fotoeletroquímica. A segunda etapa envolveu a utilização da técnica de RF Magnetron Sputtering para deposição de nanoparticulas e clusters de CdSe sobre os nanotubos. Primeiramente foi realizado um estudo sobre a dependência das propriedades fotoeletroquímicas com a concentração de CdSe sendo a concentração ótima para este sistema de 3,18x1017 at.cm-2 de Cd e Se. Para avaliar o efeito da cristalinidade do TiO2 sobre a resposta fotoeletroquímica do sistema híbrido (Nt-TiO2/CdSe) antes da deposição de CdSe os nanotubos de TiO2 foram submetidos a tratamentos térmicos em diferentes temperaturas. Nesta etapa foi verificado um efeito significativo da temperatura de tratamento térmico dos nanotubos de TiO2 na formação do hibrido, o qual influenciou suas propriedades morfológicas, ópticas e fotoeletroquímicas. Adicionalmente, as amostras de nanotubos recobertos com CdSe foram submetidas a tratamentos térmicos em vácuo resultando em uma melhora significativa das suas propriedades fotoeletroquímicas. A maior fotocorrente foi obtida de uma amostra de nanotubos de TiO2 tratada termicamente a 400°C por 3h seguido da deposição de CdSe e tratamento térmico a 400°C por 30 min em vácuo, gerando uma densidade de corrente de 1,9 mA.cm-2 sob irradiação do espectro solar terrestre ou somente do espectro visível. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho sugerem que o comportamento sinérgico do material híbrido produzido está relacionado a diminuição da resistência eletrica na interface CdSe/TiO2 e o consequente aumento da transferência de cargas do CdSe para TiO2 após o tratamento de térmico em uma condição específica. De acordo com os resultados indiretos de produção de hidrogênio através de medidas de fotocorrente, podemos concluir que o material hibrido desenvolvido neste trabalho apresenta um grande potencial para geração de hidrogênio.
In this work we present the results obtained from the synthesis and characterization of a hybrid materials consisting of TiO2 nanotubes and CdSe clusters (CdSe/Nt-TiO2) as well as its application in photoelectrochemical cells used to produce hydrogen (H2). The primary step of this work was the synthesis and characterization of the TiO2 nanotubes. At first, the ideal parameters for the synthesis and thermal treatment of the nanotubes were found. The best photoelectrochemical results were obtained from 1 micrometer long nanotubes, however the temperatures studied in this work are not found to have an effect on the photoelectrochemical behavior. The second part of this work concerned the use of RF Magnetron Sputtering to deposit CdSe nanoparticles and agglomerates on the TiO2 nanotubes. From the study of the photoelectrochemical dependence on the CdSe concentration we have found the best concentration to be 3.18x1017 at.cm-2 of Cd and Se. In order to evaluate the effect of TiO2 crystallinity on the photoelectrochemical response of Nt-TiO2/CdSe, CdSe was deposited on TiO2 nanotubes previously treated at different temperatures. The effect of the thermal treatment on the TiO2 nanotubes before CdSe deposition resulted in improved optical, morphological and photoelectrochemical behavior. In addition the CdSe covered TiO2 nanotubes were thermally treated under vacuum resulting in significant improvement of the photoelectrochemical properties. The highest photocurrent density was obtained from the samples thermally treated at 400°C before and after CdSe deposition, generating a photocurrent density of 1.9 mA/cm-2 under simulated sun or visible light irradiation. The results obtained in this work strongly suggest a synergistic behavior in the hybrid material related to a decrease of the electrical resistance at the CdSe/TiO2 interface, hence to an improvement of charge transfer from the CdSe to the TiO2 after thermal annealing at specific conditions. According to the results obtained from indirect measurements of hydrogen production by measuring photocurrent, we conclude that the hybrid material developed in this work presents potential for hydrogen generation.
O aumento de produtividade da indústria moveleira exige o emprego de usinagem a altas velocidades e com ferramentas que mantenham suas cunhas de corte afiadas por longos períodos. As ferramentas ...utilizadas atualmente, em geral ligas metálicas, não apresentam as características adequadas, devido ao alto desgaste das arestas de corte e também de falhas catastróficas das mesmas. Alguns dos principais fatores para essas falhas são a característica altamente abrasiva da madeira e os possíveis defeitos em sua superfície. Para a solução destes problemas é frequentemente pesquisado o uso de revestimentos de alta resistência ao desgaste. Nesse sentido, o uso de filmes de diamante depositados por CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) tem alta potencialidade por combinarem elevada dureza, baixo coeficiente de atrito, alta condutividade térmica e inércia química. Porém, este tipo de ferramentas ainda não é utilizado em escala industrial devido principalmente à baixa adesão entre filme e substrato. Este trabalho tem por objetivo otimizar parâmetros para aumentar a adesão de filmes de diamante CVD em substratos de metal duro (WC-Co) para a produção de ferramentas de corte para usinagem de madeira. Como resultados finais deste trabalho serão apresentadas análises comparativas do comportamento estrutural e mecânico do composto filme-substrato, bem como os resultados de usinagem de madeira a partir das ferramentas produzidas.
The machining of wood is important for several fields of applications and requires tools with sharp edges working at high speeds. At these conditions, metallic tools usually present a large abrasive wear. The common failure of the cutting tools can be related to the abrasiveness of the wood itself and to the presence of defects in its surface. A possible solution is to protect the surface of the tool with a hard coating. In this context, diamond films obtained by chemical vapor deposition are suitable due to their high hardness, low friction, high thermal conductivity and chemical inertness. However, the coating of cutting tools with diamond films is not widely used due to the weak adhesion between film and substrate. The aim of this work is to optimize the diamond film deposition parameters in order to improve the adhesion between film and the tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrate for the production of diamond coated cutting tools for machining of wood. The obtained results are related to the structural and mechanical characterization of the film + substrate, as well as to the machining of wood with the tools produced at this work.
The increase in productivity of the furniture industry requires high speed machining and cutting tools to support the high demands of the cutting process. Most of the cutting tools do not have ...appropriate characteristics and develop high wear on the wedge cut. The heterogeneous structure and irregular arrangement of fibers associated with highly abrasive characteristic of wood are the main factors for the occurrence of high wear. In solving these problems are frequently used cutting tools with coatings of high wear resistance. In this sense, the use of diamond films deposited by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) is a high potential for success, as it combines high hardness, low coefficient of friction, high thermal conductivity and high chemical inertness. However, this type of tools is not yet used on an industrial scale mainly due to low adhesion between the film and the substrate. This study aims to evaluate cutting tools produced by deposition of diamond films on carbide (WC-Co) substrates with different process parameters (CVD). The evaluation of the tools produced by different deposition conditions has been implemented through systematic tests in turning operation of the Wood "itaúba". In the same time was monitored the wear (Vbmáx) developed in the wedge-cut. The wear on diamond tools has been compared with the wear developed in a carbide tool, used as reference. The results of this study show the great potential of the use of diamond tools in the furniture industry.
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