Background
Carbapenem‐resistant bacterial infections are a critical problem in veterinary medicine with limited treatment options.
Objective
To describe effective probiotic and photodynamic therapy ...of a dog with gut colonization and ear infection caused by a hospital‐associated lineage of carbapenemase (VIM‐2)‐producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Animals
A 5‐year‐old Lhasa apso dog presented with otitis externa.
Methods and materials
Unilateral otitis externa caused by carbapenem‐resistant P. aeruginosa was treated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using methylene blue as photosensitizer wavelength 660 nm, fluence 140 J/cm2, 8 J and 80 s per point (six equidistant points), 100 mW, spot size 0.028 cm2 and fluence rate 3.5 W/cm2. The isolated bacterial strain also was tested for susceptibility to in vitro aPDT where the survival fraction was quantified by colony forming unit counts after exposure to increasing light doses. For decolonization, probiotic supplements were orally administered (once daily) for 14 days. Effectiveness of probiotics and photodynamic therapy was evaluated by clinical and microbiological culture assays.
Results
Complete resolution of clinical signs was achieved by Day 7 after aPDT. Samples collected immediately and after seven and 14 days following aPDT were negative for VIM‐2‐producing P. aeruginosa. Oral and rectal swabs collected on days 7, 14 and 21 after probiotic therapy, confirmed effective gastrointestinal decolonization.
Conclusions and clinical importance
Combined use of aPDT and probiotics could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of superficial infections produced by carbapenem‐resistant bacteria, while avoiding recurrent infection due to intestinal bacterial carriage of these multidrug‐resistant pathogens.
Résumé
Contexte
Les infections bactériennes résistantes aux carbapénèmes sont un problème critique en médecine vétérinaire compte tenu des options thérapeutiques limitées.
Objectifs
Décrire un traitement probiotique et photodynamique efficace d'un chien avec une colonisation de l'abdomen et une infection auriculaire due à Pseudomonas aeruginosa produisant VIM‐2, une carbapénase associée à une lignée hospitalière.
Sujets
Un chien Lhassa apso de 5 ans présenté avec une otite externe.
Matériel et méthode
Une otite externe unilatérale causée par P. aeruginosa résistant aux carbapénèmes, traitée par thérapie antimicrobienne photodynamique (aPDT) utilisant du bleu de méthylène comme photosensibilisant longueur d'onde 660 nm, fluence 140 J/cm2, 8 J et 80 s par point (six points équidistants), 100 mW, diamètre du point 0.028 cm2 et débit de fluence 3.5 W/cm2. La souche bactérienne isolée a également été testée pour sa sensibilité in vitro aPDT quand la fraction de survie était quantifiée par le comptage des CFU après exposition à des doses de lumière augmentées. Pour la décolonisation, les suppléments de probiotiques étaient administrés oralement (une fois par jour) pendant 14 jours. L'efficacité des probiotiques et le traitement photodynamique était évalué cliniquement et par des tests de culture microbiologique.
Résultats
La résolution complète des signes cliniques était atteinte au jour 7 après aPDT. Les échantillons collectés immédiatement et après sept et quatorze jours suivant aPDT étaient négatives pour P. aeruginosa produisant VIM‐2. Les écouvillons oraux et rectaux collectés à jours 7, 14 et 21 après le traitement probiotique, confirmaient la décolonisation efficace gastro‐intestinale.
Conclusions et importance clinique
L'utilisation combinée d'aPDT et de probiotiques pourrait être une thérapeutique prometteuse pour le traitement des infections superficielles dues à des bactéries résistantes aux carbapénèmes, et ainsi éviter les infections récurrentes liées au portage bactérien des ces pathogènes multi‐résistants.
Resumen
Introducción
las infecciones bacterianas resistentes a carbapenem son un problema crítico en la medicina veterinaria con escasas opciones de tratamiento limitadas.
Objetivo
describir el tratamiento efectivo con probióticos y fotodinámica de un perro con colonización intestinal e infección de oído causada por un cepa derivada de hospital de Pseudomonas aeruginosa productora de carbapenemasa (VIM‐2).
Animales
un perro de 5 años de edad, Lhasa Apso con otitis externa.
Métodos y materiales
la otitis externa unilateral causada por P. aeruginosa resistente a carbapenem se trató con terapia fotodinámica antimicrobiana (aPDT) utilizando azul de metileno como fotosensibilizador longitud de onda 660 nm, fluencia 140 J/cm2, 8 J y 80 s por punto (seis puntos equidistantes), 100 mW, tamaño de punto de 0,028 cm2 y velocidad de fluencia de 3,5 W/ cm2. La cepa bacteriana aislada también se probó en cuanto a la susceptibilidad al aPDT in vitro donde la fracción de supervivencia se cuantificó mediante recuentos de unidades formadoras de colonias después de la exposición a dosis de luz crecientes. Para la descolonización, los suplementos de probióticos se administraron por vía oral (una vez al día) durante 14 días. La eficacia de los probióticos y la terapia fotodinámica se evaluó mediante ensayos de cultivos clínicos y microbiológicos.
Resultados
la resolución completa de los signos clínicos se logró el día 7 después de aPDT. Las muestras recogidas inmediatamente y después de siete y 14 días después de aPDT fueron negativas para P. aeruginosa productora de VIM‐2. Los hisopos orales y rectales recogidos los días 7, 14 y 21 después de la terapia con probióticos, confirmaron una descolonización gastrointestinal efectiva.
Conclusiones e importancia clínica
el uso combinado de aPDT y probióticos podría ser una estrategia terapéutica prometedora para el tratamiento de infecciones superficiales producidas por bacterias resistentes al carbapenem, a la vez que se evita la reinfección debido a la presencia en intestino de estos patógenos resistentes a múltiples fármacos.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Carbapenem‐resistente bakterielle Infektionen sind ein kritisches Problem in der Veterinärmedizin mit limitierten Behandlungsoptionen.
Ziel
Eine Beschreibung wirksamer probiotischer und photodynamischer Behandlung bei einem Hund mit einer Darmbesiedelung und einer Ohrinfektion, die durch eine Krankenhaus‐bedingte Linie von Carbapenemase (VIM‐2)‐produzierendem Pseudomonas aeruginosa verursacht waren.
Tiere
Ein 5 Jahre alter Lhasa Apso, der mit einer Otitis externa vorgestellt wurde.
Methoden und Materialien
Die unilaterale Otitis externa, die durch einen Carbapenem‐resistenten P. aeruginosa verursacht war, wurde mit antimikrobieller photodynamischer Therapie (aPDT) mit Hilfe von Methylenblau als Photosensitizer Wellenlänge 660 nm, Fluenz 140 J/cm2, 8 J und 80s pro Punkt (sechs voneinander gleich weit entfernte Punkte) 100mW, Punktgröße 0,028 cm2 und Fluenzrate bei 3,5 W/cm2 behandelt. Der isolierte Bakterienstamm wurde auch auf seine Empfindlichkeit auf in vitro aPDT getestet, wobei die Überlebensfraktion als Anzahl von Kolonie‐bildenden Einheiten quantifiziert wurde, nachdem er zunehmenden Lichtdosen ausgesetzt war. Zur Dekolonisierung wurden probiotische Supplemente 14 Tage lang (einmal täglich) per os verabreicht. Die Wirksamkeit der Probiotika und der photodynamischen Therapie wurde mittels klinischer und mikrobiologischer Kulturen evaluiert.
Ergebnisse
Es wurde eine völlige Abheilung der klinischen Zeichen am Tag 7 nach aPDT erreicht. Proben, die unmittelbar und sieben und 14 Tage nach aPDT genommen wurden, waren negativ auf VIM‐2‐produzierenden P. aeruginosa. Orale und rektale Tupfer, die an den Tagen 7, 14 und 21 nach der probiotischen Therapie genommen wurden, zeigten eine wirksame gastrointestinale Dekolonisierung.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung
Die kombinierte Verwendung von aPDT und Probiotika könnte eine vielversprechende therapeutische Strategie zur Behandlung von oberflächlichen Infektionen darstellen, die durch Carbapenem‐resistente Bakterien verursacht wurden, wobei eine wiederkehrende Infektion aufgrund der intestinalen Besiedlung dieser Multidrug‐resistenten Pathogene verhindert wird.
要約
背景
カルバペネム耐性菌感染症は治療選択肢に限りのある獣医療において、重大な問題である。
目的
本研究の目的は、病院関連系カルバペネマーゼ(VIM‐2)産生緑膿菌による耳感染症と腸内への定着を有する犬に対する効果的なプロバイオティクス及び光線力学的療法を記述することである。
被験動物
外耳炎を呈した5歳ラサ・アプソ。
材料及び方法
カルバペネム耐性緑膿菌による片側性外耳炎を、光増感剤としてメチレンブルーを用いた抗菌光線力学療法(aPDT)によって治療した波長660nm、フルエンス140J / cm2、ポイントあたり8Jおよび80秒(6等距離ポイント)、100mW、スポットサイズ0.028cm2、フルエンス率3.5W / cm2。分離株もまた、aPDT感受性をin vitroにおいて試験し、生存率を増光曝露後のコロニー形成単位数によって定量した。除菌処理のために、プロバイオティクスサプリメントを14日間経口投与した(1日1回)。プロバイオティクスおよび光線力学療法の有効性を臨床および微生物学的培養アッセイによって評価した。
結果
aPDT後7日目までに臨床徴候の完全解消を達成した。aPDT直後、7および14日後の採取サンプルは、VIM‐2産生緑膿菌陰性であった。プロバイオティック療法7、14および21日後に採取した口腔および直腸スワブにおいて、効果的な消化管除菌を確認した。
考察と臨床的重要性
aPDTとプロバイオティクスの併用は、カルバペネム耐性菌によって引き起こされる表在性感染症治療に対する有望な治療戦略となり得た。一方で、これらの多剤耐性病原体の腸内細菌輸送に起因する再発性感染を回避することができた。
摘要
背景
碳青霉烯耐药菌的感染是兽医面临的一个严峻问题 ,治疗方案有限。
目的
报告一例犬因住院感染产碳青霉烯酶(VIM‐2)的绿脓假单胞菌,引起肠道定植和耳部感染。使用高效益生菌和光动力治疗。
动物
只患外耳炎的5岁拉萨狮子犬。
方法与材料
对耐碳青霉烯类绿脓假单孢菌引起的单侧外耳炎进行抗菌光动力治疗(aPDT),采用亚甲蓝为光敏剂(波长660nm、积分通量140J/cm2、8J和80s/点(6个等距点)、100mW,斑点大小0.028cm2、积分通量率3.5W/cm2)。测试菌株体外aPDT敏感性,增加光剂量照射后的存活部分,计数其菌落形成单位。为了去除菌落定植,口服益生菌添加剂(每天一次)持续14天。通过临床和微生物培养试验评估益生菌和光动力疗法的有效性。
结果
aPDT后第7天临床症状完全消失,aPDT后7天和14天后立即收集样本,其耐VIM‐2的绿脓假单胞菌为阴性。益生菌治疗后第7、14和21天,棉签采集口腔和直肠样本,证实胃肠道去菌落定植有效。
结论和临床价值
联合应用aPDT和益生菌,可能是治疗碳青霉烯类耐药细菌引起浅表感染的一种有前景的方法,同时应避免由于肠道携带这些多重耐药菌而引起复发性感染。
Resumo
Contexto
As infecções bacterianas resistentes ao carbapenem são problemas críticos na medicina veterinária e as opções de tratamento são limitadas.
Objetivo
Descrever a eficácia de um protocolo de tratamento baseado no uso de probiótico e terapia fotodinâmica em um cão com colonização intestinal e infecção de ouvido causada por uma linhagem de Pseudomonas aeruginosa associada a ambiente hospitalar, produtora de carbapenemase (VIM‐2).
Animais
Um cão da raça Lhasa apso de cinco anos de idade apresentando otite externa.
Métodos e materiais
A otite externa unilateral causada por P. aeruginosa resistente a carbapenem foi tratada com t
Aquatic environments have contributed to the dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, representing a risk for humans and animals. The aim of this study was to report the first draft ...genome sequence of a MDR Enterobacter cloacae strain recovered from seawater in a public beach in Brazil.
The genome was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. De novo genome assembly was performed using SPAdes 3.10.1 and the whole genome sequence was analysed using bioinformatics tools from the Center of Genomic Epidemiology.
This draft genome resulted in 5 228 857bp with 5331 protein-coding sequences, revealing the presence of bla
, bla
and bla
genes, responsible for resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. In addition, the strain was assigned to sequenced type 520 (ST520).
These data provide useful information for comparative genomic analysis regarding the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.
Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), especially CTX-M-type, have been largely described in companion animals; however, genomic data are lacking to clarify the ...clinical impact of ESBL-producing isolates in these hosts. The aim of this study was to present the genomic features of a highly virulent, ceftiofur-resistant, CTX-M-8-producing E. coli isolate from a case of pneumonia in a domestic cat with fatal outcome.
Genomic DNA was sequenced using an Illumina NextSeq 500 platform and was assembled using CLC Genomic Workbench. Genomic data were analysed using online bioinformatics tools.
The genome size was evaluated at 5.1Mb, with 5334 protein-coding sequences. The strain was assigned to sequence type 224 (ST224) and presented genes conferring resistance to β-lactams (blaCTX-M-8), sulphonamides (sul2), tetracycline (tetA) and trimethoprim (dfrA14) as well as chromosomal point mutations in ParC (S80I), GyrA (S83L) and GyrB (D87N). In addition, the presence of the virulence genes cba, gad, ipfA, iroN, iss, mchF and tsh was detected.
This draft genome sequence might provide important data for a better understanding of genomic aspects regarding the dissemination of CTX-M-8-producing E. coli in the human–animal–environment interface.
Asymptomatic carriers can act as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The aim of this study was to describe the draft genome sequence of a MDR Escherichia coli lineage recovered from a ...faecal sample of a healthy carrier.
Genomic DNA was sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq platform. Sequence reads were de novo assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench and the whole genome sequence was evaluated through bioinformatics tools available from the Center of Genomic Epidemiology as well as additional in silico analysis.
The genome size was calculated as 5178340 bp, with 5442 protein-coding sequences and 5492 total genes. Presence of the blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-55 and fosA3 genes was detected in addition to other antimicrobial resistance genes. Interestingly, the strain was assigned to serotype O8:H4-fimH97 and was classified within the highly virulent phylogroup B2.
This draft genome can provide helpful information to elucidate genetic features that contribute to colonisation and adaptation of MDR and virulent pathogens in asymptomatic carriers.
We present here the draft genome sequence of the first New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1)-producing
strain, belonging to sequence type 155 (ST155), isolated in Peru. Assembly of this draft genome ...resulted in 5,061,184 bp, revealing a clinically significant resistome for β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fluoroquinolones.
Farm animals have been recognised as important carriers and reservoirs of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to report the draft genome ...sequences of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) CTX-M-15-producing E. coli strains (47VL and 13B) isolated from different bovine hosts (a calf and a dairy cow), housed separately in a commercial dairy farm in Brazil.
Total genomic DNA of the E. coli isolates was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq paired-end 300-bp sequencing platform. Sequence reads were de novo assembled using the A5-miseq pipeline and polishing assembly in Geneious v.R9. The NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline v.3.2 was used for genome annotation, whereas whole-genome sequences were analysed using bioinformatic tools from the Center of Genomic Epidemiology and EnteroBase.
E. coli 47VL generated a total of 3238770 and E. coli 13B a total of 1422808 paired-end reads of ca. 190× and ca. 80×, respectively. The resistome revealed that both isolates carried resistance genes to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, macrolides, sulphonamides, trimethoprim and tetracycline. Comparative analyses revealed clonal relatedness. In fact, both isolates belonged to sequence type ST90 (clonal complex CC23) and phylogroup AxB1.
To our knowledge, these are the first draft genome sequences of CTX-M-15-producing E. coli ST90 isolated from bovines in South America. These data can be used to elucidate genetic features that contribute to colonisation and adaptation of CTX-M-15-producing E. coli in dairy cattle.
Aquatic environments have contributed to the dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, representing a risk for humans and animals. The aim of this study was to report the first draft ...genome sequence of a MDR Enterobacter cloacae strain recovered from seawater in a public beach in Brazil.
The genome was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. De novo genome assembly was performed using SPAdes 3.10.1 and the whole genome sequence was analysed using bioinformatics tools from the Center of Genomic Epidemiology.
This draft genome resulted in 5 228 857bp with 5331 protein-coding sequences, revealing the presence of blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-17 genes, responsible for resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. In addition, the strain was assigned to sequenced type 520 (ST520).
These data provide useful information for comparative genomic analysis regarding the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.
Marine bivalves can act as bioindicators of marine environment pollution by multidrug-resistant (MDR) enteric bacteria of medical interest. The aim of this study was to report the draft genome ...sequence of a plasmid-encoded AmpC (pAmpC) (CMY-2)-carrying Escherichia coli isolate recovered from a marine bivalve sample in the coastal shore of Southeast Brazil.
The whole genome was sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq platform and was assembled using Velvet v.1.2.10. Data analysis was carried out using tools available from the Center of Genomic Epidemiology and Geneious R10 software.
The genome size was calculated at 5198055bp, comprising a total of 5316 protein-coding sequences. The strain was assigned to ST457 and presented the blaCMY-2 pAmpC gene. In addition, the strain was clustered into the pathogenic phylogenetic group D.
The release of this draft genome sequence can provide valuable information to better understand the dissemination of MDR enteric bacteria in marine environments.
During a Brazilian multicentric antimicrobial resistance surveillance study, colistin resistance was investigated in 4,620 Enterobacteriaceae isolated from human, animal, food and environmental ...samples collected from 2000 to 2016. We present evidence that mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli has been emerging in South America since at least 2012, supporting a previous report on the possible acquisition of mcr-1-harbouring E. coli by European travellers visiting Latin American countries.
PDF
