Residual postoperative pneumoperitoneum (RPP) can be confused with postoperative complications. Our aim was to study RPP characteristics in pediatric patients.
Prospective study in children with ...noncomplicated appendicitis, from July to December 2019, divided into open appendectomy (OA) or laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). Abdominal ultrasounds were performed daily to assess RPP. Demographic, surgical data, and RPP characteristics were analyzed.
Forty-one patients (63% male) aged 9.8 ± 2.9 years were included: 19 had OA and 22 LA. RPP was present in 90.9% of LA patients versus 21.1% of OA (
< .001). RPP disappeared by the postoperative day (POD) 2, in all OA patients. RPP was present in 90.9% of LA patients in POD 1, 53.8% on POD 2, 25% on POD 3, and in no patient from POD 4. RPP prevalence was not associated with surgical duration, age, gender, or type of appendicitis. RPP was associated with pain radiating to the shoulders (PRS) (
= .018), with a sensitivity of 50.0% and specificity of 88.23% for diagnosis.
Surgical approach was the main factor associated with RPP persistence. PRS in the physical examination may be helpful for diagnosis when RPP is suspected. The persistence of RPP beyond POD 4 is uncommon, and should be considered when making decisions.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is spreading throughout Eurasia and there is no vaccine nor treatment available, so the control is based on the implementation of strict sanitary measures. These ...measures include depopulation of infected and in-contact animals and export restrictions, which can lead to important economic losses, making currently African swine fever (ASF) the greatest threat to the global swine industry. ASF has been endemic on the island of Sardinia since 1978, the longest persistence of anywhere in Eurasia. In Sardinia, eradication programs have failed, in large part due to the lack of farm professionalism, the high density of wild boar and the presence of non-registered domestic pigs (free-ranging pigs). In order to clarify how the virus is transmitted from domestic to wild swine, we examined the interaction between free-ranging pigs and wild boar in an ASF-endemic area of Sardinia. To this end, a field study was carried out on direct and indirect interactions, using monitoring by camera trapping in different areas and risk points. Critical time windows (CTWs) for the virus to survive in the environment (long window) and remain infectious (short window) were estimated, and based on these, the number of indirect interactions were determined. Free-ranging pigs indirectly interacted often with wild boar (long window = 6.47 interactions/day, short window = 1.31 interactions/day) and these interactions (long window) were mainly at water sources. They also directly interacted 0.37 times per day, especially between 14:00 and 21:00 h, which is much higher than for other interspecific interactions observed in Mediterranean scenarios. The highly frequent interactions at this interspecific interface may help explain the more than four-decade-long endemicity of ASF on the island. Supporting that free-ranging pigs can act as a bridge to transmit ASFV between wild boar and registered domestic pigs. This study contributes broadly to improving the knowledge on the estimation of frequencies of direct and indirect interactions between wild and free-ranging domestic swine. As well as supporting the importance of the analysis of interspecific interactions in shared infectious diseases, especially for guiding disease management. Finally, this work illustrates the power of the camera-trapping method for analyzing interspecific interfaces.
Efficient and low cost detection of harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a major health and environmental need in industrialized societies. For this, tailor-made porous coordination polymers ...are emerging as promising molecular sensing materials thanks to their responsivity to a wide variety of external stimuli and could be used to complement conventional sensors. Here, a non-porous crystalline 1D Fe(
ii
) coordination polymer acting as a porous acetonitrile host is presented. The desorption of interstitial acetonitrile is accompanied by magneto-structural transitions easily detectable in the optical and electronic properties of the material. This structural switch and therefore its (opto)electronic readout are reversible under exposure of the crystal to acetonitrile vapor. This simple and robust iron-based coordination polymer could be ideally suited for the construction of multifunctional sensor devices for volatile acetonitrile and potentially for other organic compounds.
A novel non-porous molecular-based acetonitrile sensor is reported. This material shows a reversible magneto-structural transition under desorption/absorption of acetonitrile involving a drastic switch in its optical and electronic properties.
Spondweni virus (SPOV) is the flavivirus that is most closely related to Zika virus (ZIKV). Although SPOV causes sporadic human infections in Africa, recently it was found in Culex mosquitoes in ...Haiti. To investigate the pathogenic spectrum of SPOV, we developed infection models in mice. Although two SPOV strains failed to cause disease in immunocompetent mice, each accumulated in the brain, spleen, eye, testis, and kidney when type I interferon signaling was blocked and unexpectedly caused infection, immune cell infiltration, and swelling in the ankle. In pregnant mice, SPOV replicated in the placenta and fetus but did not cause placental insufficiency or microcephaly. We identified human antibodies from ZIKV or DENV immune subjects that neutralized SPOV infection and protected against lethal challenge. Our experiments describe similarities and differences in clinical syndromes between SPOV and ZIKV and suggest that their serological relatedness has implications for antibody therapeutics and flavivirus vaccine development.
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•Development of mouse models of SPOV infection•SPOV uniquely infects feet of mice and results in acute joint swelling•Serological relatedness between SPOV, ZIKV, and DENV established•Anti-ZIKV and anti-DENV neutralizing mAbs have protective activity in vivo
Salazar et al. show that SPOV, the flavivirus most closely related to ZIKV, infects mice when type I interferon signaling is blocked. SPOV causes ankle swelling and infection in the foot, which is more typical of alphaviruses. Human antibodies from ZIKV or DENV subjects protect against lethal SPOV challenge.
Aim
Microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) as derived from continuous intracoronary thermodilution specifically quantifies microvasculature function. As originally described, the technique ...necessitates reinstrumentation of the artery and manual reprogramming of the infusion pump when performing resting and hyperemic measurements. To simplify and to render this procedure operator‐independent, we developed a fully automated method. The aim of the present study is to validate the automated procedure against the originally described one.
Methods and Results
For the automated procedure, an infusion pump was preprogrammed to allow paired resting‐hyperemic thermodilution assessment without interruption. To validate the accuracy of this new approach, 20 automated measurements were compared to those obtained in the same vessels with conventional paired resting‐hyperemic thermodilution measurements (i.e., with a sensor pullback at each infusion rate and manual reprogramming of the infusion pump).
A close correlation between the conventional and the automated measuring technique was found for resting flow (Qrest: r = 0.89, mean bias = 2.52; SD = 15.47), hyperemic flow (Qhyper: r = 0.88, mean bias = −2.65; SD = 27.96), resting microvascular resistance (Rμ‐rest: r = 0.90, mean bias = 52.14; SD = 228.29), hyperemic microvascular resistance Rμ‐hyper: r = 0.92, mean bias = 12.95; SD = 57.80), and MRR (MRR: r = 0.89, mean bias = 0.04, SD = 0.59).
Procedural time was significantly shorter with the automated method (5′25″ ± 1′23″ vs. 4′36″ ± 0′33″, p = 0.013).
Conclusion
Continuous intracoronary thermodilution‐derived measurements of absolute flow, absolute resistance, and MRR can be fully automated. This further shortens and simplifies the procedure when performing paired resting‐hyperemic measurements.
Early detection of infectious diseases is the most cost-effective strategy in disease surveillance for reducing the risk of outbreaks. Latest deep learning and computer vision improvements are ...powerful tools that potentially open up a new field of research in epidemiology and disease control. These techniques were used here to develop an algorithm aimed to track and compute animal motion in real time. This algorithm was used in experimental trials in order to assess African swine fever (ASF) infection course in Eurasian wild boar. Overall, the outcomes showed negative correlation between motion reduction and fever caused by ASF infection. In addition, infected animals computed significant lower movements compared to uninfected animals. The obtained results suggest that a motion monitoring system based on artificial vision may be used in indoors to trigger suspicions of fever. It would help farmers and animal health services to detect early clinical signs compatible with infectious diseases. This technology shows a promising non-intrusive, economic and real time solution in the livestock industry with especial interest in ASF, considering the current concern in the world pig industry.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A novel gas sensing mechanism exploiting lanthanide luminescence modulation upon NO2 adsorption is demonstrated here. Two isostructural lanthanide-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are used, ...including an amino group as the sensitive recognition center for NO2 molecules. The transfer of energy from the organic ligands to Ln is strongly dependent on the presence of NO2, resulting in an unprecedented photoluminescent sensing scheme. Thereby, NO2 exposition triggers either a reversible enhancement or a decrease in the luminescence intensity, depending on the lanthanide ion (Eu or Tb). Our experimental studies combined with density functional theory and complete active space self-consistent field calculations provide an understanding of the nature and effects of NO2 interactions within the MOFs and the signal transduction mechanism.
In recent years, pain protocols for pectus excavatum (PE) have incorporated cryoanalgesia through thoracoscopic approach. Since 2019, ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoanalgesia (PCr) has been ...applied at our institution, either on the same day as the Nuss procedure or 48 hours before surgery. We carried out a preliminary retrospective review of patients with PE in whom PCr prior to surgery was performed at our institution between 2019 and 2021.
Two groups were evaluated: PCr on the same day (PCrSD) and PCr 48 hours before surgery (PCr48). Despite PCr, patients were treated with "patient-controlled analgesia" (PCA) with opioids for at least 24 hours, switching to conventional intravenous analgesia and oral analgesia in the following days. Demographic, clinical-radiological variables, PCA opioid use, pain grade according to the visual analog scale (VAS), and length of stay (LOS) were compared between the groups. A total of 20 patients were included (12 with PCrSD and 8 with PCr48), without significant differences in demographics or clinical-radiological variables. The overall median time of PCr was 65 minutes (55-127), with no differences between the groups.
PCr48 group presented with significantly lower median number of hours of continuous PCA (24 vs. 32 hours;
= 0.031), lower median number of rescue boluses (11 vs. 18;
= 0.042), lower median VAS in the early postoperative hours (2 vs. 5.5;
= 0.043), and lower median LOS (3.5 vs. 5 days).
PCr performed 48 hours prior to surgery is more effective in terms of PCA requirements, VAS, and LOS when compared with cryoanalgesia on the same day.
•Dead wood carbon pools recover following a logistic shape after a disturbance.•17 year old plantations recover 41% of dead wood found in old-growth forests.•Natural regeneration recovers 1.7% of ...dead wood found in old-growth forests.
Dead wood stores 10–20% of global forest carbon stocks, but its recovery and restoration in secondary tropical forests are poorly documented. In this study, we evaluated (1) the recovery pattern of dead wood volumes across a chronosequence of secondary tropical forests that used to be former coffee plantations, and (2) the efficiency of two common restoration strategies to recover dead wood volumes similar to those found in old-growth forests, all in a tropical premontane landscape in southern Costa Rica. Restoration strategies consisted of plantations and natural regeneration. Plantations consist of plots where two endemic (Terminalia amazonia and Vochysia guatemalensis) and two naturalized (Inga edulis and Ertyhrina poeppegiana) species were planted in rows. Natural regeneration consists of plots where no trees were planted, but where agriculture or cattle are excluded though fencing and vegetation is allowed to regenerate naturally. We hypothesized that (1) dead wood volumes increase with forest age following a logistic shape, and that (2) restoration plantations recover dead wood volumes more quickly compared to naturally regenerated forests. We measured dead wood volumes in a total of 35 forest fragments that were former coffee plantations or are currently old-growth forests and 10 restoration plots containing either natural regeneration or restoration plantations that were former fallow or pasture using strip transects. Dead wood volumes significantly increased with forest age following a logistic shape, starting with very low values in early ages (3–5 years), increasing rapidly (6–50 years), and ending with high and relatively stable values after 50 years of age. In addition, plantations (16 to 17 years old) recovered 41% of dead wood volumes found in old-growth forests > 100 years old, whereas naturally regenerated forests of the same age only recovered 1.7% of dead wood volumes found in old-growth forests. Our study shows that restoration plantations not only accelerate the recovery of above ground biomass, but also accelerate the recovery of dead wood in premontane Neotropical ecosystems. This indicates that tree planting positively affects carbon storage, and potentially the preservation of dead wood-associated biodiversity.
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal infectious disease that affects domestic and wild pigs. This complex virus has already affected five continents and more than 70 countries and is considered to ...be the main threat to the global swine industry. The disease can potentially be transmitted directly through contact with infectious animals, or indirectly by means of contaminated feed or environments. Nevertheless, the knowledge regarding the transmission patterns of different ASF virus isolates at the wildlife-livestock interface is still limited. We have, therefore, assessed the potential transmission of an attenuated ASF virus isolate between infectious wild boar and directly exposed domestic pig. We registered 3,369 interspecific interactions between animals, which were brief and mostly initiated by wild boar. The major patterns observed during the study were head-to-head contact owing to sniffing, thus suggesting a high probability of pathogen transmission. However, only one of the five domestic pigs had a short period of viremia and became serologically positive for ASF virus antibodies. It was additionally discovered that the wild boar did not transmit the virulent virus isolate to the domestic pigs, which suggests that the presence of attenuated ASF virus isolates in affected areas may control the spreading of other more virulent isolates. These outcomes may help make decisions related to large-scale targeted management actions against ASF in field conditions.
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