Abstract In the framework of the COAST (Cost Optimized Avionics SysTem) project, the Integrated Mission Management System (IMMS) has been developed, a technology aimed to automatically optimize the ...trajectory of Small Air Transport (SAT) vehicles considering, among possible obstacles, weather conditions, air-traffic and terrain. It is based on the interaction of the evolved versions of three systems, realized within COAST, including the Advanced Weather Awareness System (AWAS), devoted to provide on-board data regarding weather hazards monitored and forecast. The Evolved-AWAS technology has been developed by introducing several enhancements to its baseline version, in order to generate additional information required by IMMS for trajectory optimization. The current work describes the latest developments of Evolved-AWAS and the tests carried out to validate the prototype. All the new functionalities were tested verifying the correct generation of output data needed by IMMS and their visualization into the HMI (Human Machine Interface). The positive results of the performed tests ensured the proper functioning of the software, allowing its integration in the IMMS technology. Finally, the paper reports the outcomes of the last COAST flight demonstration campaign held in June 2023, which revealed the correct behaviour of the Evolved-AWAS, as well as of the overall IMMS.
Sarcopenia is related to adverse health outcomes in cancer survivors. Previous reviews reported exercise improved muscle mass or function in cancer survivors, but thus far a systematic review ...examining the effect of exercise on sarcopenia in this population has not been conducted. Therefore, we systematically searched PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and ClinicalTrials.gov for publications and ongoing trials (through November 2021) that reported exercise interventions and diagnosed sarcopenia among cancer survivors. Seven exercise trials were eligible for this review. Six of seven studies showed exercise increased skeletal muscle post intervention (1.6% to 5.4% increase within intervention groups compared to baseline,
≤ 0.07; 2.1% to 12.8% greater increase for intervention than control groups,
≤ 0.02) and in the three studies that reported sarcopenia reversal, an improvement (18.2% to 42.9% decrease in sarcopenia in exercise groups, 5.2% increase to 16.7% decrease in sarcopenia in control groups,
= 0.04) was observed. Existing research indicates the potential for exercise to improve health outcomes for cancer survivors through building muscle and attenuating sarcopenia. More high-quality, long-term, large randomized controlled trials examining effects of different exercise types and doses to improve sarcopenia should be conducted to further explore this important topic.
Background Despite an increase in incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) among young people and the ubiquity of indoor tanning in this population, few epidemiologic studies have investigated this ...exposure-disease relationship. Objective We sought to evaluate the association between indoor tanning and early-onset BCC. Methods Patients with BCC (n = 376) and control subjects with minor benign skin conditions (n = 390) who were younger than 40 years of age were identified through Yale Dermatopathology. Participants provided information on ever indoor tanning, age of initiation, frequency, duration, burns while tanning, and type of tanning device during an in-person interview. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariate logistic regression with never indoor tanners as the referent group. Results Ever indoor tanning was associated with a 69% increased risk of early-onset BCC (95% CI 1.15-2.48). This association was stronger among females (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.31-3.47), for multiple BCCs (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.26-3.70), and for BCCs on the trunk and extremities (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.57-5.02). Risk increased dose dependently with years using regular indoor tanning devices ( P trend = .003), number of overall burns ( P trend < .001), and burns to biopsy site ( P trend < .001) from indoor tanning. Approximately one quarter (27%) of early-onset BCCs (or 43% among women) could be prevented if individuals never tanned indoors. Limitations Potential recall bias of indoor tanning by patients and generalizability of the control population suggest replication in other studies is warranted. Conclusions Indoor tanning was a strong risk factor for early-onset BCC, particularly among females. Indoor tanning should continue to be targeted by both policy-based and behavioral interventions, as the impact on BCC-associated morbidity may be substantial.
Purpose
Most breast cancer survivors have challenges with adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors. This may be due to contextual challenges that result from the complex nature of the evidence. To ...address this gap, we explored the experiences of breast cancer survivors of color and oncology healthcare providers.
Methods
Content analysis with inductive and deductive approaches was used for semi-structured interviews with 26 female breast cancer survivors and 10 oncology healthcare providers from Greater New Haven, Connecticut.
Results
Survivors identified substantial confusion on the evidence regarding lifestyle behaviors and breast cancer, stemming from inadequate healthcare provider counseling and an overreliance on informal sources of information. Providers identified lack of evidence-based knowledge as a barrier to counseling on these topics. There was a mixed perspective regarding the consistency of evidence, stemming from a combination of gaps in the available evidence and accessing evidence-based knowledge from a wide range of professional resources. Some providers perceived the guidelines as consistent; others felt guidelines were constantly changing, impacting how and on what they counseled. Therefore, many healthcare providers in oncology care relied on generic messaging on lifestyle behaviors after a cancer diagnosis.
Conclusions
Inconsistent information sources, the rapidly changing evidence, and gaps in the current evidence contribute to generic messaging about lifestyle behaviors and may inhibit a survivor’s ability to engage in behavior change. Consistent and uniform healthy lifestyle guidelines for cancer outcomes may address both provider and patient level barriers to knowledge.
Abstract
The COAST (Cost Optimized Avionics SysTem) project, funded by Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking, works toward the realization of cost-effective key technologies for cockpit and avionics of ...Small Air Transport (SAT) aircraft. In 2020 the design of a new technology started, the Integrated Mission Management System (IMMS), devoted to automatically optimize the trajectory while considering air-traffic, weather conditions, terrain and obstacles. It is aimed to implement into a unique system the functionalities of Trajectory Planning, Flight Reconfiguration, Tactical Separation and Weather Awareness, benefitting from the integration and interaction on-board of three technologies, individually developed and tested in the first phases of the COAST project: Flight Reconfiguration System (FRS, managing pilot’s incapacitation emergency), Tactical Separation System (TSS, managing tactical traffic separation and enhanced situational awareness) and Advanced Weather Awareness System (AWAS, devoted to provide on-board updated weather data). The present work focuses on the last one and more in detail on the description of new functionalities introduced to the baseline AWAS system, already demonstrated in flight in 2021, in order to allow its integration in IMMS. Specifically, enhancements to the AWAS technology were required to integrate new input weather data and generate additional information, needed for IMMS purposes. These data are produced on-ground and sent through satellite link to the AWAS on-board segment, which has been updated to manage and exchange them with the other components on the aircraft. All the achieved progresses in the development of the evolved version of the AWAS system presented in this work will be demonstrated and tested in flight during a dedicated campaign planned in 2023 in the framework of COAST project.
Mounting evidence indicates that coffee, a commonly consumed beverage worldwide, is inversely associated with various chronic diseases and overall mortality. Few studies have evaluated the effect of ...coffee drinking on telomere length, a biomarker of chromosomal integrity, and results have been inconsistent. Understanding this association may provide mechanistic insight into associations of coffee with health. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that heavier coffee intake is associated with greater likelihood of having above-median telomere length. We evaluated the cross-sectional association between coffee intake and relative telomere length using data from 1,638 controls from four previously conducted case-control studies nested in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Coffee intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and relative telomere length was measured from buffy-coat, blood, or buccal cells. We used unconditional logistic regression models to generate multivariable-adjusted, study-specific odds ratios for the association between coffee intake and relative telomere length. We then conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to determine summary odds ratios. We found that neither summary continuous (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99-1.03) nor categorical (OR <3 cups/day vs. none = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.71-2.65; OR ≥3 cups/day vs. none = 1.47, 95% CI = 0.81-2.66) odds ratio estimates of coffee drinking and relative telomere length were statistically significant. However, in the largest of the four contributing studies, moderate (<3 cups/day) and heavy coffee drinkers (≥3 cups/day) were 2.10 times (95% CI = 1.25, 3.54) and 1.93 times as likely (95% CI = 1.17, 3.18) as nondrinkers to have above-median telomere length, respectively. In conclusion, we found no evidence that coffee drinking is associated with telomere length. Thus, it is unlikely that telomere length plays a role in potential coffee-disease associations.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
This paper refers to the developments of the single pilot enabling technologies that are designed, implemented and validated in the Clean Sky funded project COAST (Cost Optimized Avionics ...SysTem). The target industry domain of such technologies is the aviation segment of Small Air Transport (SAT), referring specifically to commuter category vehicles (5 to 19 pax), under the EASA CS-23 regulation. Among the several technologies that have been designed, developed and demonstrated in flight, there is the Tactical Separation System (TSS), which reached TRL 6 in 2021 thanks to successful flight demonstration. It represents fundamental decision-making support system, able to assist the single pilot in the management of the separation task, under delegation of the separation responsibility to the pilot by the ATC. Nevertheless, in order to properly integrate and enhance the individual enabling technologies for single pilot operations, in the COAST project a unique Integrated Mission Management System (IMMS) is being designed. It constitutes a further technological advancement to support more effective and safe management of situations of pilot’s incapacitation during the flight, under single pilot operations, and a relevant step forward towards more autonomous aircraft. To support the IMMS implementation, therefore, the Tactical Separation System is currently subject to proper evolution, in order to include specific functionalities that will be needed as part of the IMMS. This paper outlines the main outcomes from the design and demonstration of the Tactical Separation System as individual technology. After that, it describes the IMMS and the specific role that the tactical separation functionality will play in such framework. Finally, the paper reports the evolved TSS version design currently ongoing in the COAST project, with specific focus on the implementation of the tactical traffic clustering functionality.
Most studies of meat and colorectal adenoma have investigated prevalent events from a single screening, thus limiting our understanding of the role of meat and meat-related exposures in early ...colorectal carcinogenesis.
Among participants in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial who underwent baseline and follow-up sigmoidoscopy (n=17,072), we identified 1008 individuals with incident distal colorectal adenoma. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for associations between meat and meat-related components and incident distal colorectal adenoma using multivariate logistic regression.
We observed suggestive positive associations for red meat, processed meat, haeme iron, and nitrate/nitrite with distal colorectal adenoma. Grilled meat (OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.04-2.36), well or very well-done meat (OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.05-2.43), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo4,5-bpyridine (PhIP) (OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.17-2.64), benzoapyrene (OR=1.53, 95% CI=1.06-2.20), and total mutagenic activity (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.03-2.40) were positively associated with rectal adenoma. Total iron (diet and supplements) (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.56-0.86) and iron from supplements (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.44-0.97) were inversely associated with any distal colorectal adenoma.
Our findings indicate that several meat-related components may be most relevant to early neoplasia in the rectum. In contrast, total iron and iron from supplements were inversely associated with any distal colorectal adenoma.
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