EXFLU1 is a new batch of radiation-resistant silicon sensors manufactured at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK, Italy).The EXFLU1 sensors utilize thin substrates that remain operable even after extensive ...irradiation. They incorporate Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology, enabling internal multiplication of charge carriers to boost the small signal produced by a particle crossing their thin active thicknesses, ranging from 15 to 45 μ m.To address current challenges related to acceptor removal, the EXFLU1 production incorporates improved defect engineering techniques. This includes the so called carbonated LGADs, where carbon doping is implanted alongside boron in the gain layer. This contribution focuses on evaluating the performances of thin sensors with carbonated gain layer from the EXFLU1 production, before and after irradiation up to 2.5· 1015 n1 Mev eq./cm2.The conducted tests involve static and transient characterizations, including I-V and C-V measurements, as well as laser and β-source tests.This work aims to present the state of the art in LGAD sensor technology with a carbonated gain layer and shows the characterization of the most radiation-resistant LGAD sensors produced to date.
To fully exploit the physics potentials of particle therapy in delivering dose with high accuracy and selectivity, charged particle therapy needs further improvement. To this scope, a ...multidisciplinary project (MoVeIT) of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) aims at translating research in charged particle therapy into clinical outcome. New models in the treatment planning system are being developed and validated, using dedicated devices for beam characterization and monitoring in radiobiological and clinical irradiations. Innovative silicon detectors with internal gain layer (LGAD) represent a promising option, overcoming the limits of currently used ionization chambers. Two devices are being developed: one to directly count individual protons at high rates, exploiting the large signal-to-noise ratio and fast collection time in small thicknesses (1 ns in 50 μm) of LGADs, the second to measure the beam energy with time-of-flight techniques, using LGADs optimized for excellent time resolutions (Ultra Fast Silicon Detectors, UFSDs). The preliminary results of first beam tests with therapeutic beam will be presented and discussed.
This paper presents the front-end section of the X-/γ-ray detection instrument of the HERMES mission, whose goal is to observe and localize γ-ray bursts, through a constellation of more than one ...hundred nano-satellites. Considering the severe volume and power consumption constraints of the nano-satellites, in the HERMES X-/γ-ray detection instrument, silicon drift detectors are read out through a mixed-signal ASIC chipset, called LYRA, based on a peculiar architecture. In particular, a small front-end ASIC (LYRA-FE), placed close to each silicon drift detector, is connected, through a current-mode link, to a multi-channel back-end ASIC (LYRA-BE). The LYRA ASIC chipset, implemented in a 0.35µm CMOS technology, achieves less than 22{\text{e}}_{{\text{rms}}}^ - of equivalent noise charge, with a power consumption lower than 600µW/channel from a 3.3V power supply. Thanks to the current-mode link between the LYRA-FE and the LYRA-BE ASICs, no significant crosstalk among channels can be observed, in spite of the length of the interconnection wires as large as 12cm.
Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are thin silicon detectors with moderate internal signal amplification and time resolution as good as 17 ps for minimum ionizing particles. However the current ...major limiting factor in granularity is due to protection structures preventing breakdown caused by high electric fields at the edge of the segmented implants. This structure, called Junction Termination Extension (JTE), causes a region of 50-100 μm of inactive space. Therefore, the granularity of LGAD sensors is currently limited to the mm scale. This challenge could be overcome by employing AC coupled LGADs (AC-LGADs) which can provide spatial resolution on the 10's of um scale. This is achieved by un-segmented gain layer and N-layer, then a di-electric layer separates the N+ and the metal readout pads. This design allows for 100% fill factor with no dead regions inside the sensor. The high spatial precision is achieved by using the information from multiple pads, exploiting the intrinsic charge sharing capabilities of the AC-LGAD provided by the common N-layer. Using a focused IR-Laser scans directed either at the read-out side on the front and the bias side on the back of the sensor, several detector parameters have been investigated with the goal of optimizing the sensor design: sheet resistance, thickness of the isolation di-electric, doping profile of the gain layer, and pitch and size of the readout pads. Furthermore we will show an interpolation technique for hit reconstruction and time-of-arrival measurement based on charge sharing. The data are used to recommend a base-line sensor for near-future large-scale application like the Electron-Ion Collider or the PIONEER experiment where simultaneous precision time and position resolution is required in the tracking detectors.
We present the design and characterization of a detection unit for simultaneous and combined XRF and XRD analysis of powder mineralogical samples. Arrays of 32 silicon microstrips are coupled to two ...16-channel CUBE preamplifiers targeting an energy resolution below 200 eV at 6 keV with moderate cooling. The compact detection module will be mounted on a goniometer inside a suitcase-sized analyzer to be operated in mining sites.
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