The research aims to investigate the mortality effect of essential oil from
var.
, an endemic plant from Campeche, Mexico, on early second-instar
larvae; it also aims to identify the volatile ...compounds present in the fresh leaves of the plant. To test the effectiveness of the essential oil, we followed World Health Organization Standard Procedures. Larvae were observed for 17 consecutive days after treatment to determine the mortality and growth-inhibitory effect exerted by the essential oil. The results showed that the essential oil was effective in controlling mosquito populations. At a concentration of 800 ppm, the oil achieved an effectiveness rate of 70.00 ± 8.16% after 24 h, increasing to 100.00 ± 0.01% mortality after 72 h. With a concentration of 400 ppm, the effectiveness was 98.33 ± 0.17% by the end of the experiment. Furthermore, the obtained results demonstrated that the LC
value was 61.84 ± 6.79 ppm, while the LC
value was 167.20 ± 11.49 ppm. Essential oil concentrations inhibited the growth of immature insect stages, with concentrations between 800-100 ppm demonstrating very high inhibitory activity, and the lowest concentration of 50 ppm showing high inhibitory activity. The study also identified 24 chemical compounds representing 86.71% of the volatile compound composition of the fresh leaves of
; the most abundant compounds were Safrole, Caryophyllene oxide, E-Nerolidol, and Calarene epoxide. The method used to extract the volatile compounds, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME), is a promising alternative to traditional methods that avoids the use of potentially harmful solvents, making it more ecologically friendly and potentially safer for professionals handling the extracted compounds. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of
essential oil as an effective means of controlling mosquito populations, and provides valuable information on the chemical composition of the plant.Moreover, our study is the first to report on the biological activity and chemical composition of
worldwide.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Los desastres sanitarios han afectado la humanidad desde sus albores. En otras epidemias, las bajas causadas se contabilizan por cientos de miles. La preparación para el enfrentamiento a la epidemia ...de la COVID-19 en el hospital Militar de Matanzas, "Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy", comenzó tempranamente. Con el objetivo de analizar esa experiencia, se reflexiona sobre los resultados del enfrentamiento en el año 2020, a partir de los principales aspectos, las coordinaciones con otros organismos, las decisiones tomadas, cambios estructurales y modificaciones de procesos institucionales. Consolidar la superación científica ha sido un pilar permanente, junto con la disciplina, la responsabilidad personal y social de los miembros del colectivo.
Abstract
The insecticidal and repellent effect of essential oil isolated from fresh leaves of Porophyllum linaria on maize weevil was evaluated, as well as the effect on the grain germination after ...treated. In total, 28 constituents were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry accounting for 99.86% of whole essential oil. The main majority compounds were β-myrcene (41.94%), D-limonene (20.29%), and estragole (20.03%). Contact toxicity significantly increased with dose and time after treatment. With the 800 ppm (highest concentration), the mortality (%) obtained for the tenth and fifteenth day was 43 and 82%, respectively, whereas with 50 ppm (lowest concentration) 30% mortality was obtained at the end of the experiment (fifteenth day). At 15 d (end of the experiment), the LC50 y LC90 were obtained with values of 329.01 ± 44.35 y 1058.86 ± 117.76 ppm, respectively. For a concentration of 800 ppm, a selection index of zero was obtained, indicating the preference of the pest to the untreated maize (control). The maize grains germination test showed a significant reduction both in the length of hypocotyl and radicle of maize grain. So, in the highest dose, the hypocotyl and radicle length was 1.40 ± 0.34 and 9.14 ± 0.55 cm, respectively, whereas the control group registered 3.28 ± 0.39 and 13.02 ± 0.97 cm, respectively. This finding is promising since as it could result in the identification of botanical substances capable of suppressing maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais development.
Mosquitoes, as insect vectors, play a crucial role in transmitting viruses and parasites, leading to millions of human deaths in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This study aimed to ...evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of three species within the genus Myrothecium (M. roridum, M. dimerum, and M. nivale) on Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae to assess the inhibitory effect on growth and development, as well as to determine mortality. We quantify the average lethal concentrations and provide a qualitative characterization of the chemical groups responsible for their potential. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids in the ethanolic extracts of the three fungal species. Tannins were found only in the extracts of M. dimerum and M. roridum. We observed a clear dependence of the effects of the crude extracts on mosquito larvae on the concentrations used and the duration of exposure. The toxic effect was observed after 48 h at a concentration of 800 ppm for both M. dimerum and M. nivale, while M. roridum showed effectiveness after 72 h. All three species within the genus Myrothecium exhibited 100% biological activity after 72 h of exposure at 600 ppm. At lower concentrations, there was moderate growth and development inhibitory activity in the insect life cycle. The study highlights the effectiveness of crude Myrothecium extracts in combating mosquito larvae, with effects becoming apparent between 48 and 72 h of exposure. This initial approach underscores the potential of the fungus’s secondary metabolites for further in-depth analysis of their individual effects or synergies between them.
Mosquitoes can significantly damage to human health by transmitting a wide range of diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus. These diseases can result in illness, ...hospitalization, and death. In addition, mosquito bites can cause itching, swelling, and irritation, leading to discomfort and a loss of productivity. In recent years, plant-derived products have gained increased attention as alternative options to synthetic pesticides. Secondary metabolites from endemic plants have been shown to possess unique chemical structures and diverse biological activities, making them valuable resources. Some well-known secondary metabolites from endemic plants include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. These plant-derived products are often biodegradable, have low toxicity to non-target organisms, and can be produced sustainably. Extracting metabolites from endemic plants has several uses, including the development of new insecticides products. The research aims to investigate the mortality effect of essential oil from Piper cordoncillo var. apazoteanum, an endemic plant from Campeche, Mexico, on early second-instar Aedes aegypti larvae; it also aims to identify the volatile compounds present in the fresh leaves of the plant. To test the effectiveness of the essential oil, we followed World Health Organization Standard Procedures. Larvae were observed for 17 consecutive days after treatment to determine the mortality and growth-inhibitory effect exerted by the essential oil. The results showed that the essential oil was effective in controlling mosquito populations. At a concentration of 800 ppm, the oil achieved an effectiveness rate of 70.00 ± 8.16% after 24 h, increasing to 100.00 ± 0.01% mortality after 72 h. With a concentration of 400 ppm, the effectiveness was 98.33 ± 0.17% by the end of the experiment. Furthermore, the obtained results demonstrated that the LCsub.50 value was 61.84 ± 6.79 ppm, while the LCsub.90 value was 167.20 ± 11.49 ppm. Essential oil concentrations inhibited the growth of immature insect stages, with concentrations between 800-100 ppm demonstrating very high inhibitory activity, and the lowest concentration of 50 ppm showing high inhibitory activity. The study also identified 24 chemical compounds representing 86.71% of the volatile compound composition of the fresh leaves of P. cordoncillo; the most abundant compounds were Safrole, Caryophyllene oxide, E-Nerolidol, and Calarene epoxide. The method used to extract the volatile compounds, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME), is a promising alternative to traditional methods that avoids the use of potentially harmful solvents, making it more ecologically friendly and potentially safer for professionals handling the extracted compounds. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of P. cordoncillo essential oil as an effective means of controlling mosquito populations, and provides valuable information on the chemical composition of the plant.Moreover, our study is the first to report on the biological activity and chemical composition of P. cordoncillo worldwide.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Species of the Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Nymphalidae families of Lepidoptera were inventoried, diversity of habitats of the core area of the ecological reserve “El Tisey-La Estanzuela” (natural ...protected area) of Nicaragua was analyzed, and butterfly food guilds and efficiency of collection methods were determined. The study was at 11 sites: Bosque Pino Santa Rosa, Bosque Mixto Napoleón, Bosque Ripario, Café Almaciguera, Café Jalacate, Camino, Potrero Zontul, Potrero Cerro Tisey, Potrero Las Brisas, Roble Amarillo Cuchilla, and Roble Amarillo Zontul. Each habitat was systematically sampled using two collection methods (insect net and baited trap) once per week for 4 months (November 2014 to February 2015). An insect net was used with non-linear and linear transects and a trap was baited to attract butterflies for sampling. In total, 2,516 specimens in 18 subfamilies, 59 genera, 93 species, and 22 subspecies were collected. Adelpha paroeca paroeca Bates (Limenitinae), Diaethria pandama Doubleday (Eurytelinae), and Vanessa cardui L. (Nymphalinae) of the Nymphalidae family and Heraclides paeon thrason C. & R. Felder (Papilioninae) of the Papilionidae family were recorded for the first time in Nicaragua. The most abundant species were Hermeuptychia hermes Fabricius, Anartia fatima Fabricius, Heliconius charithonius L., Eurema salome jamapa Reakirt, and Eunica monima Stoll. Low richness and high species equity were recorded at “Bosque Mixto Napoleón” and “Roble Amarillo-Cuchilla”, while other habitats had high richness with low equity. The Potrero Cerro Tisey habitat had the greatest species equity. H. hermes was in 11 environments, and Camino and Potrero Zontul habitats had the greatest similarity of species. Basic information on biological diversity allows efforts to be focused on conserving species.
Introducción: En el proceder quirúrgico del tratamiento del genu varo doloroso, la osteotomía del peroné es un paso común que acompaña a la osteotomía valguizante de la tibia, con un porcentaje de ...complicaciones conocidas. Los autores del presente trabajo comenzaron a aplicar un nuevo enfoque en el tratamiento de esta afección, con la ostectomía del peroné, donde también se presentan complicaciones. Objetivo: Identificar las complicaciones en pacientes operados mediante ostectomía del peroné. Métodos: Fueron evaluados 116 pacientes portadores de cambios degenerativos del compartimento interno de la rodilla; operados mediante ostectomía del peroné, durante el período de abril del 2016 a abril del 2018. Las complicaciones fueron recogidas desde el momento de la intervención quirúrgica, su evolución y tratamiento, a través del seguimiento por consulta externa. Resultados: En los pacientes obesos se observó el mayor número de complicaciones (9), de ellas 4 referentes a neuropraxia de la rama profunda del nervio peroneo o fibular, 2 con hematomas de la herida y una con infección. Hubo 2 pacientes con linfangitis. Hubo 11 pacientes con 14 complicaciones (9,4 % de los intervenidos). Conclusiones: Las complicaciones más importantes fueron neuropraxia de las ramas superficial y profunda del nervio peroneo, el hematoma e infección de la herida.
RESUMEN Introducción: en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del genu varo doloroso es importante el estudio radiográfico de la rodilla, se pueden visualizar los cambios estructurales que aparecen en las ...superficies articulares de la rodilla. Objetivo: demostrar desde el punto de vista radiológico la variación que ocurre posterior a la ostectomía del peroné en los pacientes operados de genus varos. Materiales y métodos: se realiza un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y lineal en el Hospital Militar Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy de Matanzas desde abril del 2016 -2017 donde se aplica la técnica de ostectomía del peroné, del Dr. Zhang Ying-Ze, se presentan los primeros 51 pacientes operados, un total de 57 rodillas, a los cuales se les realizó radiografía previa a la operación y posterior a ella al cabo de los 6 meses, donde se midió la altura del espacio articular externo. Resultados: el promedio de edad es de 67,2 años (50 años el menor y 84 años el mayor), de los cuales 23 eran hombres y 28 mujeres, previo al tratamiento quirúrgico el promedio de este espacio fue de 8,84 mm±1,01 mm (18 mm el mayor y el menor 2 mm) y al cabo de los 6 meses fue de 6,08 mm±0,9 mm(el mayor 10 mm y el menor 2 mm), en 6 pacientes no hubo variación de esta medida. Conclusiones: con la ostectomía proximal del peroné se logra disminuir el espacio articular externo modificando el eje mecánico y anatómico del miembro inferior, lo que se traduce por una disminución de la compresión interna articular.
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