Biological fracture repair is becoming an increasingly popular means of fracture fixation. This technique involves a reduction in the amount of surgical trauma thereby preserving vascular supply and ...soft-tissue integrity combined with the implantation of less hardware. The aim is the stimulation of callus formation as the means by which fracture union occurs.
This paper describes the mechanical effect of the symmetrical omission of screws on construction stiffness and bone surface strain following the application of bone plates to cadaveric bone. The influence of the pattern of screw omission was evaluated in both intact and osteotomized bone specimens.
The application of bone plates using certain patterns of screw omission did not significantly effect the stiffness of the final construction whilst inherent bone surface strain was increased.
It was concluded that the omission of screws in certain defined patterns for a given plate–bone construction may meet the criteria for ‘biological fixation’. There was no apparent deleterious effect on structural stiffness following the omission of 40% of the total screw complement from a plate–bone construction.
Second-line drugs (SLDs) are essential for treating multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB* and XDR TB†). Drug shortages, in which supplies of all clinically ...interchangeable versions of a given Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-regulated drug become inadequate to meet actual or projected user demand, have been well-documented in many areas of medicine; for several years, drug shortages in the United States have affected the availability of SLDs for treatment of TB. In November 2010, a nationwide survey of TB control programs conducted by the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association (NTCA) indicated that shortages and other problems that hinder access to SLDs interfere with patient care and could promote the development of drug resistance as well as the transmission of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This report focuses on the growing issue of TB drug shortages and summarizes the findings of that survey, which indicated that 26 (79%) of the 33 responding health departments, representing approximately 75% of the U.S. TB burden, reported MDR TB during 2005-2010. Of these 26, 21 (81%) faced difficulties with SLD procurement, citing nationwide shortages (100%), shipping delays (71%), lack of resources (62%), and a complicated procurement process related to investigational new drug (IND) protocols (48%) as the main reasons. Adverse outcomes or other problems related to difficulties with SLD procurement were reported by 19 (90%) of 21 jurisdictions, with treatment delay (58%), a treatment lapse or interruption (32%), or the use of an inadequate regimen (32%) most commonly reported. Potential solutions for alleviating SLD shortages include stockpiling drugs centrally, sharing SLDs among jurisdictions, obtaining drugs from foreign manufacturers, and taking advantage of new legal requirements for drug suppliers to report shortages and impending shortages to FDA within a specified timeframe. Reliable, consistent access to SLDs will require the collaboration of CDC, FDA, state and local health departments, national health professional societies, and the pharmaceutical industry.
Scanning tunneling microscopy has been used to demonstrate that a spiral structure based on beta-reverse turns is adopted by the repeat sequences present in a group of wheat gluten proteins. This ...structure is similar to the beta-spiral formed by a synthetic polypentapeptide based on a repeat sequence present in elastin. Wheat gluten and elastin are both elastomeric and it is possible that the spiral structure contributes to this property
Gas chromatography RISBY, Terence H.; FIELD, Larry R.; YANG, Frank J. ...
Analytical chemistry (Washington),
04/1982, Letnik:
54, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Gas chromatography Risby, Terence H.; Field, Larry R.; Yang, Frank J. ...
Analytical chemistry (Washington),
04/1982, Letnik:
54, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Gas chromatography Cram, Stuart P.; Risby, Terence H.; Field, Larry R. ...
Analytical chemistry (Washington),
04/1980, Letnik:
52, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Gas chromatography CRAM, Stuart P.; RISBY, Terence H.; FIELD, Larry R. ...
Analytical chemistry (Washington),
04/1980, Letnik:
52, Številka:
5
Journal Article
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