Background
In adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD), menstrual disorders (MD) are common, which can make the management of CKD difficult and can sometimes delay renal transplantation. This ...study aimed to identify the usefulness of hormonal measurements in adolescents with CKD and their relationships with MD during a 1-year follow-up.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was designed. Adolescents with CKD stages IV and V were included. Through clinical files and via interview, the ages at puberty onset, menarche and the date of last menstruation were identified. A 1-year follow-up was conducted over a menstrual cycle calendar. At the beginning of follow-up, routine hormonal profiles (thyroid profiles, prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol) were assessed. We compared the hormonal profiles of the patients with and without MD (wMD vs. woMD). Comparisons between groups were made by Wilcoxon and Fisher’s tests. Logistic regression analysis was used.
Results
Fifty-seven patients, including 30 patients classified as wMD, were analyzed. The median age was 15 years, and the median time of CKD evolution was 18 months. There were no differences in general and biochemical characteristics between patients wMD and woMD. In terms of hormonal measurements, the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin were higher in the wMD patients. A prolactin level ≥ 36.8 ng/ml was a risk factor for presenting with MD (RR 34.4,
p
= 0.002).
Conclusions
Hyperprolactinemia is correlated with MD in adolescents with CKD.
El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue el de analizar la incidencia de los estilos de crianza parental como factores mediadores en la relación entre la resiliencia y calidad de vida en estudiantes de una ...universidad pública de Lima. Para ello, se contó con la participación de 360 personas, entre varones y mujeres cuya edad promedio fue de 26.5 años (DE = 2.19). Empleamos un diseño multivariante, explicativo con variables observables en dos modelos de regresión para definir efectos de mediación del afecto y las exigencias como factores de los estilos de crianza parental sobre la relación entre las otras variables del estudio. Contemplando la adecuación de las medidas de los instrumentos empleados con evidencias sólidas de validez y confiabilidad, los resultados obtenidos refirieron efectos estadísticamente significativos de ambos factores para la relación, explicando el primero hasta un 56 % del efecto total entre las variables (a*b = .16 I.C. = .13-.21, c = .39) y el segundo, un 45 % (a´*b´ = .14 I.C. = .09-.17, c´ = .32), considerándose ambos de gran tamaño. Concluimos que los efectos de los factores fueron determinantes en la calidad de las medidas de correlación entre la resiliencia y calidad de vida en los participantes del estudio.
Recientemente, diversos estudios sobre la población uruguaya han demostrado que está conformada por desiguales aportes de europeos, africanos y pueblos originarios, entre otros. El aporte indígena es ...mayor cuando se analiza la contribución por línea materna, aunque su origen étnico/geográfico no es claro, ni tampoco cuándo ni cómo llegaron los distintos grupos. Para aportar al conocimiento del poblamiento prehistórico e histórico del territorio y sus relaciones con otras poblaciones se analizan, por secuenciación masiva, 32 genomas mitocondriales completos (mitogenomas) de habitantes actuales del país, identificados previamente por sus regiones hipervariables como correspondientes a los cuatro haplogrupos principales de origen americano. Se determinaron siete nuevos subhaplogrupos (A2be, A2bf, B2an, C1d1h, C1b30, C1b31 y D1x), otro se redenominó (C1d1d - actual C1d1g) y se plantea la revisión de los criterios de asignación de B2b6 y D1g5. Se estimó la antigüedad de los subhaplogrupos nuevos, que varía entre 4554 y 11985 años, con la excepción de C1d1g, cuya edad fue estimada en 20736 años. Algunas secuencias pudieron ser vinculadas a distintos grupos étnicos o a diversas regiones geográficas, como Amazonia, Chaco, Pampa, o Andes. Se discuten las nuevas asignaciones desubhaplogrupos y las de algunos previamente definidos, así como su distribución geográfica y antigüedad, con relación al panorama general de América del Sur.
Survivors of breast cancer can face internal barriers to physical activity, such as uncertainty and frustration stemming from physical limitations, decreased physical functioning, fatigue, and pain. ...Interventions that draw from the principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may help survivors of breast cancer overcome some of the internal barriers associated with physical activity.
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the acceptability of an electronically delivered physical activity intervention for survivors of breast cancer, centered on ACT processes.
This study used a 1-group pretest-posttest design. We recruited 80 insufficiently active female survivors of breast cancer using a web-based recruitment strategy. The 8-week intervention consisted of weekly modules that featured didactic lessons and experiential exercises targeting key ACT processes in the context of physical activity promotion (namely, values, committed action, acceptance, defusion, and contacting the present moment). We determined intervention acceptability according to study retention (≥70%), adherence rates (≥75% of the participants completing ≥50% of the modules), and posttest survey scores reflecting the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and interest and enjoyment of the intervention (≥5 on a 7-point Likert-type scale). We also evaluated changes in self-reported aerobic and muscle strengthening-physical activity, physical activity acceptance, physical activity regulation, and health-related outcomes.
The retention rate (61/80, 76%), adherence rate (60/80, 75%), average perceived ease of use (6.17, SD 1.17), perceived usefulness (5.59, SD 1.40), and interest and enjoyment scores (5.43, SD 1.40) met the acceptability criteria. Participants increased their self-reported aerobic physical activity (Cohen d=1.04), muscle strengthening-physical activity (Cohen d=1.02), physical activity acceptance (cognitive acceptance: Cohen d=0.35; behavioral commitment: Cohen d=0.51), physical activity regulation (identified regulation: Cohen d=0.37; integrated regulation: Cohen d=0.66), increased their ability to participate in social roles and activities (Cohen d=0.18), and reported less fatigue (Cohen d=0.33) and sleep disturbance (Cohen d=0.53).
Electronically delivered acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions may be useful for promoting physical activity in survivors of breast cancer. Further research is needed to refine these approaches and evaluate their effectiveness.
Young adults have low rates of outpatient service utilization and higher rates of emergency service use compared to older adults. This study explored pathways to crisis service use for uninsured ...young adults who accessed emergency psychiatric treatment. Participants were 55 young adults (ages 18-25) who were on an inpatient short-term stabilization unit and had qualifying diagnoses for outpatient services (bipolar, major depression, or schizophrenia). Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted to understand decision-making and the events that led to service use. A team of coders used an open coding approach to develop a codebook and participated in iterative discussions of coded text to generate results presented. Themes across 3 dimensions were identified. Participants formed the intention to seek treatment through the interaction of escalating symptoms, triggering events, and motivating factors. Intention was translated to actualized service use through individual and systemic facilitators. Natural supports and service systems influenced the entire process. Findings highlight the importance of understanding motivating factors to better engage young people in treatment and including their support systems in efforts to increase awareness of problems and treatments. Systemic barriers identified suggest the need for enhanced coordination of care across systems such as drug and alcohol treatment, homeless services, and criminal justice and for ready access to outpatient services to reduce crisis psychiatric service use.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of extruded germinated black bean cotyledon flour (EBB) as a substitute of nixtamalized blue maize (NBM) flour on proximal composition, physicochemical ...characteristics, protein, starch digestion performance, and sensory analysis with a just about right (JAR) scale of NBM cookies. A ratio of 82.5:7.5 (NBM:EBB) decreased the viscosity of the flour mixtures, thus decreasing the spread factor to 15.44%. The EBB significantly increased the protein content and its digestibility 17.43 and 3.65%, respectively. A relative higher amount of slowly digestible starch and remaining RS was found in the substituted EBB cookies. Furthermore, EBB substitution showed a significantly lower predicted GI than that elaborated solely with NBM. The JAR scale showed that cookies substituted with EBB7.5 were evaluated with an ideal texture (70.0%). Overall, considering functional and nutritional properties, NBM plus EBB could be a good alternative to produce high‐protein cookies.
Recently, thin AlAs capping layers (CLs) on InAs quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) have been shown to yield better photovoltaic efficiency compared to traditional QDSCs. Although it has been proposed ...that this improvement is due to the suppression of the capture of photogenerated carriers through the wetting layer (WL) states by a de-wetting process, the mechanisms that operate during this process are not clear. In this work, a structural analysis of the WL characteristics in the AlAs/InAs QD system with different CL-thickness has been made by scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. First, an exponential decline of the amount of InAs in the WL with the CL thickness increase has been found, far from a complete elimination of the WL. Instead, this reduction is linked to a higher shield effect against QD decomposition. Second, there is no compositional separation between the WL and CL, but rather single layer with a variable content of InAlGaAs. Both effects, the high intermixing and WL reduction cause a drastic change in electronic levels, with the CL making up of 1-2 monolayers being the most effective configuration to reduce the radiative-recombination and minimize the potential barriers for carrier transport.
Background
Prospective data suggest depressive symptoms worsen insulin resistance and accelerate type 2 diabetes (T2D) onset.
Purpose
We sought to determine whether reducing depressive symptoms in ...overweight/obese adolescents at risk for T2D would increase insulin sensitivity and mitigate T2D risk.
Method
We conducted a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial comparing a 6-week cognitive–behavioral (CB) depression prevention group with a 6-week health education (HE) control group in 119 overweight/obese adolescent girls with mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale CES-D ≥16) and T2D family history. Primary outcomes were baseline to post-intervention changes in CES-D and whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI), derived from 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests. Outcome changes were compared between groups using ANCOVA, adjusting for respective baseline outcome, puberty, race, facilitator, T2D family history degree, baseline age, adiposity, and adiposity change. Multiple imputation was used for missing data.
Results
Depressive symptoms decreased (
p
< 0.001) in CB and HE from baseline to posttreatment, but did not differ between groups (ΔCESD = −12 vs. −11, 95 % CI difference = −4 to +1,
p
= 0.31). Insulin sensitivity was stable (
p
> 0.29) in CB and HE (ΔWBISI = 0.1 vs. 0.2, 95 % CI difference = −0.6 to +0.4,
p
= 0.63). Among all participants, reductions in depressive symptoms were associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity (
p
= 0.02).
Conclusions
Girls at risk for T2D displayed reduced depressive symptoms following 6 weeks of CB or HE. Decreases in depressive symptoms related to improvements in insulin sensitivity. Longer-term follow-up is needed to determine whether either program causes sustained decreases in depressive symptoms and improvements in insulin sensitivity.
Trial Registration Number
The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01425905).
In this paper we discuss how the establishment of strict quality and food safety norms for horticulture to satisfy the current consumer demands has forced enterprises to invest in modifying their ...productive processes. In the light of the unavoidable trend in favour of consumers, we analyze the precarious situation of farm workers, a situation that is not in tune with the concept of decent work promoted by the International Labour Organization or with the Social Accountability Standard promoted by the United Nations. We conclude that the enterprises have achieved major progress in productive restructuring to comply with quality standards, but at the expense of their workers' salaries and living and working conditions. This contradiction between the well-being of the consumer and the misery of the worker is a fundamental characteristic explaining the current success of globalized agro-food systems.
Animal studies suggest that leptin may adversely affect bone mineral density (BMD). Clinical studies have yielded conflicting results. We therefore investigated associations between leptin and bone ...parameters in children.
830 healthy children (age = 11.4 ± 3.1 years; 75% female; BMI standard deviation score BMIz = 1.5 ± 1.1) had fasting serum leptin measured with ELISA and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The main effects for leptin and BMIz plus leptin's interactions with sex and BMIz were examined using hierarchical linear regressions for appendicular, pelvis, and lumbar spine BMD as well as bone mineral content (BMC), and bone area (BA).
Accounting for demographic, pubertal development, and anthropometric variables, leptin was negatively and independently associated with lumbar spine BMC and BA, pelvis BA, and leg BA (p < 0.05 for all). Sex, but not BMIz, moderated the associations of leptin with bone parameters. In boys, leptin was negatively correlated with leg and arm BMD, BMC at all bone sites, and BA at the subtotal and lumbar spine (p < 0.01 for all). In girls, leptin was positively correlated with leg and arm BMD (p < 0.05 for both).
Independent of body size, leptin is negatively associated with bone measures; however, these associations are moderated by sex: boys, but not girls, have a negative independent association between leptin and BMD. .
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