This thesaurus-based search system uses automatic indexing, RDF-based querying, and concept-based visualization of results to support exploration of large online document repositories. Innovative ...research institutes rely on the availability of complete and accurate information about new research and development. Information providers such as Elsevier make it their business to provide the required information in a cost-effective way. The semantic Web will likely contribute significantly to this effort because it facilitates access to an unprecedented quantity of data. The DOPE project (Drug Ontology Project for Elsevier) explores ways to provide access to multiple life-science information sources through a single interface.
Desktop search is a new application area for information retrieval technologies, focused on searching in the local information sources on a user's PC These applications typically operate as local ...search engines and consequently exhibit all problems associated with full-text search. AutoFocus is a new desktop search application, focused on offering semantically rich interaction and serendipitous exploration instead, through the use of the cluster map information visualization technique combined with explicit metadata navigation. We discuss AutoFocus' user interface and semantic Web-based architecture and report on its applicability and usability based on preliminary user feedback.
Semantic Desktop 2.0: The Gnowsis Experience Sauermann, Leo; Grimnes, Gunnar Aastrand; Kiesel, Malte ...
Lecture notes in computer science,
2006
Book Chapter, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this paper we present lessons learned from building a Semantic Desktop system, the gnowsis beta. On desktop computers, semantic software has to provide stable services and has to reflect the ...personal view of the user. Our approach to ontologies, the Personal Information Model PIMO allows to create tagging services like del.icio.us on the desktop. A semantic wiki allows further annotations. Continuous evaluations of the system helped to improve it. These results were created in the EPOS research project and are available in the open source projects Aperture, kaukoluwiki, and gnowsis and will be continued in the Nepomuk project. By using these components, other developers can create new desktop applications the web 2.0 way.
Ontology-based information visualisation Van Harmelen, F.; Broekstra, J.; Fluit, C. ...
Proceedings Fifth International Conference on Information Visualisation,
2001
Conference Proceeding
Odprti dostop
The main contribution is to show how visual representations of information can be based on ontological classifications of that information. We first discuss the central role of ontologies on the ...Semantic Web. We subsequently outline our general approach to the construction of ontology-based visualisations of data. This is followed by a set of examples of ontology-based visualisations which all differ in interesting respects. We conclude with a brief discussion of related work.
This chapter has demonstrated an elegant way to visually represent ontological data. We have described how the Cluster Map visualization can use ontologies to create expressive information ...visualizations, with the attractive property that classes and objects that are semantically related are also spatially close in the visualization.
Another key aspect of the visualization is that it focuses on visualizing instances rather than ontological models, thereby making it very useful for information retrieval purposes.
A number of applications developed in the past few years have been described that prominently incorporate the Cluster Map visualization. Based on these descriptions, we could distinguish a number of generic information retrieval tasks that are well supported by the visualization.
These applications prove the usability and usefulness of the Cluster Map in real-life scenarios. Furthermore, these applications show the applicability of the visualization in Semantic Web-based environments, where lightweight ontologies are playing a crucial role in organizing and accessing heterogeneous and decentralized information sources.
To attain a better understanding of antibiotic cycling and its effects on the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in gram-negative microorganisms, two different antibiotic classes (quinolone and ...beta-lactam) were cycled during four 4-month periods in a surgical intensive care unit. Respiratory aspirates and rectal swabs were obtained and DNA fingerprinting was performed. Primary endpoint of the study was the acquisition rate with gram-negative bacteria resistant to the antibiotic of choice during each cycle. Secondary endpoints were changes in endemic prevalence of resistant bacteria and the relative importance of cross-transmission. In all, 388 patients were included and 2,520 cultures analyzed. Adherence to antibiotic protocol was 96%. Overall antibiotic use increased with 24%. Acquisition rates with resistant bacteria were highest during levofloxacin exposure (relative risk RR 3.2; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.4-7.1) and piperacillin/tazobactam exposure (RR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2-4.8). The relative importance of cross-transmission decreased during the study. For individual patients, treatment with levofloxacin was the only independent risk factor for acquisition of levofloxacin-resistant bacteria (hazard ratio 12.6; 95% CI 3.8-41.6). Potential for selection of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria during periods of homogeneous exposure increased from cefpirome to piperacillin/tazobactam to levofloxacin. Cycling of homogeneous antibiotic exposure is unlikely to control the emergence of gram-negative antimicrobial resistance in intensive care units.
PDF
