Nine wild tomato species were surveyed for variability in ripening characteristics. External signs of ripening, age of fruit at ripening, and ethylene production patterns were compared. Ethylene ...production was monitored using an ethylene-free air stream system and gas chromatography. Based on these ripening characteristics, the fruits fell into three general categories: those that change color when they ripen, green-fruited species that abscise prior to ripening, and green-fruited species that ripen on the vine. The fruits that change color, Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium and Lycopersicon cheesmanii, exhibited a peak of ethylene production similar to the cultivated tomato; there were differences, however, in the timing and magnitude of the ethylene production. Peak levels of ethylene production are correlated with age at maturity. For the two species that abscise prior to ripening, Lycopersicon chilense and Lycopersicon peruvianum, ability to produce ethylene varied with stage of maturity. The two species differed from each other in time of endogenous ethylene production relative to abscission, suggesting differences in the control mechanisms regulating their ripening. For two of the green-fruited species that ripen on the vine, Lycopersicon chmielewskii and Lycopersicon parviflorum, ethylene production was correlated to fruit softening. For Lycopersicon hirsutum and Solanum pennellii, however, ethylene production was not correlated with external ripening changes, making questionable the role of ethylene as the ripening hormone in these fruits.
Squirrel monkeys were tested on an indirect spatial delayed response task after subcutaneous injections of either physiological saline, 100, or 500 microgram/kg D-Ala2 methionine enkephalinamide ...(DAME). During Experiment 1 monkeys completed two-choice delayed response problems with 0-, 6-, 12- and 18- sec delays; DAME significantly enhanced performance at 18-sec delays but not for the shorter delay. During Experiment 2, monkeys performed a nine-choice spatial delayed response task with 0-, 4- and 8-sec delays. In Experiment 2, low but not high doses of DAME impaired performance. Memory functions represented by a bias-free performance measure paralleled percentage correct in both experiments. Therefore, DAME effect, in enhancing and in impairing performance, were not attributable to changes in the relative number of systematic spatial errors (positional win-shift; lose-stay, position perseveration, and position preference).
The banding patterns of certain anodal peroxidase variants of red-fruited tomato species are governed by alleles at four loci--two alleles per locus. Alleles at three loci code for modified enzyme ...migration patterns and are codominant in heterozygotes; those at the fourth locus code for presence or absence of a band. No evidence of linkage was detected in preliminary tests between four of the six possible combinations of loci. All variant alleles--i.e., those not represented in the standard genotype of Lycopersicon esculentum--exist in the wild L. pimpinellifolium from coastal Peru; all but Prx-3nare also known in L. esculentum from the sympatric region but are rare or absent elsewhere. Between the distributions of alleles of Prx-1 and those of Ge, the gamete-eliminator locus, a significant association exists, which probably does not owe to genetic linkage. The tendency of alleles of Prx loci, as well as those of cm, Ge, h, and Od, to be shared between wild and cultivated taxa in the sympatric region but seldom elsewhere, in addition to published correlated evidence, suggests that the wild alleles tend to substitute in cultivated forms as a result of introgression. In respect to the number of common alleles, cultivated tomatoes more closely resemble the wild L. esculentum var. cerasiforme than L. pimpinellifolium.
Using polarized and unpolarized neutron scattering we show that interstitial Fe in superconducting Fe_{1+y}Te_{1-x}Se_x induces a magnetic Friedel-like oscillation that diffracts at ...Q_(in-plane)=(1/2,0) and involves >50 neighboring Fe sites. The interstitial >2 mu_B moment is surrounded by compensating ferromagnetic four spin clusters that may seed double stripe ordering in Fe_{1+y}Te. A semi-metallic 5-band model with (1/2,1/2) Fermi surface nesting and four fold symmetric super-exchange between interstitial Fe and two in-plane nearest neighbors largely accounts for the observed diffraction.
Determined auditory autokinesis using a 1000-Hz target tone, presented diotically to 40 normally hearing human Ss, as a function of the auditory field. Maximum frequency and duration of spontaneous ...movement of the tone were observed when the test was conducted in an otherwise quiet auditory field. Monaural addition of white noise, caused a significant reduction in the autokinetic effect (tone alone vs. tone plus noise). Amount of autokinesis observed was further reduced when uncorrelated white noise was introduced to both ears (tone plus monaural noise vs. tone plus dichotic noise). Results are analogous to the visual frame of reference effect on visual autokinesis and suggest that autokinesis is dependent upon intramodal field effects.
Tested 40 experimentally naive Ss with normal hearing under diotic listening conditions. Apparent movement effects were inversely related to signal bandwidth. Auditory autokinesis can be accounted ...for in terms of the known organizational structure of the auditory system and the adaptation of the peripheral auditory system's response to a prolonged steady-state acoustical signal.
Creativity can be used to create solutions to real-life problems. If the word "problem" in creative problem solving is taken to mean any situation in which there is room for improvement, then most ...people recognize that there is room for creative problem solving in their personal lives, such as getting a better job, improving a relationship, or dealing with financial challenges. One of the keys to reaching the highest level of creativity is to integrate creative and judgmental thinking. This approach steers creativity in the direction of valuable new ideas. Refining new ideas is another important creative problem solving skill. Refinement is necessary because ideas virtually always arrive in a flawed form. One way to predict interesting future changes is to anticipate how current problems will eventually be solved.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The casee presented here may be the first fully identified and verified cas of translocation 4p-- syndrome, a B4/G22 translocation, ie, 45,XX,-4,-22,+t(4q 22q). Thirty-nine other cases of the ...4p--syndrome, including one other possible translocation case, have been found in the medical literature. Conventional chromosome studies cannot distinguish between 4p-- (Wolf) syndrome and 5p-- (cri-du-chat) syndrome, and the clinical features, as in our case, may not be sufficiently characteristic to permit differentiation. The newer chromosome banding techniques have made specific identification possible.
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