CULLIN4 (CUL4) RING ligase (CRL4) complexes contain a CUL4 scaffold protein, associated to RBX1 and to DDB1 proteins and have traditionally been associated to protein degradation events. Through ...DDB1, these complexes can associate with numerous DCAF proteins, which directly interact with specific targets promoting their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. A characteristic feature of the majority of DCAF proteins that associate with DDB1 is the presence of the DWD motif. DWD-containing proteins sum up to 85 in the plant model species Arabidopsis. In the last decade, numerous Arabidopsis DWD proteins have been studied and their molecular functions uncovered. Independently of whether their association with CRL4 has been confirmed or not, DWD proteins are often found as components of additional multimeric protein complexes that play key roles in essential nuclear events. For most of them, the significance of their complex partnership is still unexplored. Here, we summarize recent findings involving both confirmed and putative CRL4-associated DCAF proteins in regulating nuclei architecture remodelling, DNA damage repair, histone post-translational modification, mRNA processing and export, and ribosome biogenesis, that definitely have an impact in gene expression and
de novo
protein synthesis. We hypothesized that, by maintaining accurate levels of regulatory proteins through targeted degradation and transcriptional control, CRL4 complexes help to surveil nuclear processes essential for plant development and survival.
Living organisms are part of a highly interconnected web of interactions, characterised by species nurturing, competing, parasitizing and preying on one another. Plants have evolved cooperative as ...well as defensive strategies to interact with neighbour organisms. Among these, the plant-fungus associations are very diverse, ranging from pathogenic to mutualistic. Our current knowledge of plant-fungus interactions suggests a sophisticated coevolution to ensure dynamic plant responses to evolving fungal mutualistic/pathogenic strategies. The plant-fungus communication relies on a rich chemical language. To manipulate the plant defence mechanisms, fungi produce and secrete several classes of biomolecules, whose modeof- action is largely unknown. Upon perception of the fungi, plants produce phytohormones and a battery of secondary metabolites that serve as defence mechanism against invaders or to promote mutualistic associations. These mutualistic chemical signals can be co-opted by pathogenic fungi for their own benefit. Among the plant molecules regulating plant-fungus interaction, phytohormones play a critical role since they modulate various aspects of plant development, defences and stress responses. Intriguingly, fungi can also produce phytohormones, although the actual role of fungalproduced phytohormones in plant-fungus interactions is poorly understood. Here, we discuss the recent advances in fungal production of phytohormone, their putative role as endogenous fungal signals and how fungi manipulate plant hormone balance to their benefits.
This work addresses the importance of food and nutrition in promoting the health of the elderly population, with a specific focus on the qualitative evaluation of menus provided by a social ...solidarity institution in Portugal. The aim of this study is to conduct a qualitative evaluation of menus furnished by a social solidarity institution situated in the northern region of Portugal in order to prevent and/or treat malnutrition in the elderly. The methodology involves the evaluation of four weekly menus, totaling 28 complete daily menus for the elderly, using the "Avaliação Qualitativa de Ementas Destinadas a Idosos" (AQEDI) tool. This assessment tool comprises six domains: general items, soup, protein suppliers, carbohydrate suppliers, vegetable suppliers, and dessert, each consisting of various parameters. The findings reveal that all menus were classified as "acceptable," with percentages ranging from 60.73% to 68.84%, and suggest that there exists room for improvement. This study emphasizes the necessity for coordinated efforts within the institution to enhance menu planning, taking into account both nutritional guidelines and sensory aspects of food. Effective coordination within the institution is crucial for maintaining positive aspects and rectifying inadequacies in menu planning.
Discovery of the jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) repressors defined the core jasmonate (JA) signalling module as COI1-JAZ-MYC2, and allowed a full view of the JA signalling pathway from hormone perception ...to transcriptional reprogramming. JAZ proteins are repressors of MYC2 and targets of SCFCOI¹, which is the likely jasmonate receptor. Upon hormone perception, JAZ repressors are degraded by the proteasome releasing MYC2 and allowing the activation of JA responses. All members of the JAZ family share two conserved domains, the Jas motif, required for JAZ interactions with MYC2 and COI1, and the ZIM domain, the function of which is so far unknown. Here, we show that the ZIM domain acts as a protein-protein interaction domain mediating homo- and heteromeric interactions between JAZ proteins. These JAZ-JAZ interactions are independent of the presence of the hormone. The observation that only a few members of the JAZ family form homo- and heteromers may suggest the relevance of these proteins in the regulation of JA signalling. Interestingly, the JAZ3ΔJas protein interacts with several JAZ proteins, providing new clues to understanding the dominant JA insensitivity promoted by truncated JAZΔJas proteins. We also provide evidence that the Jas motif mediates the hormone-dependent interaction between Arabidopsis JAZ3 and COI1, and further confirm that the Jas motif is required and sufficient for Arabidopsis JAZ3-MYC2 interaction. Finally, we show that interaction with MYC2 is a common feature of the JAZ family, as most JAZ proteins can bind MYC2 in pull-down and yeast two-hybrid assays.
Introdução: A World Health Organization WHO (2012), identifica a demência como um problema de saúde pública crescente sendo a família a primeira linha de cuidados à pessoa com esta patologia. O ...Modelo Dinâmico de Avaliação e Intervenção Familiar (MDAIF) constitui um referencial teórico e operativo, orientador do processo de enfermagem, que pretende dar resposta às necessidades dos enfermeiros em cuidar de famílias, no desenvolvimento de práticas centradas na família. (Figueiredo, 2009, 2012). Objetivo: Analisar o impacto dos cuidados prestados pelo enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de saúde familiar, tendo a família como unidade de cuidados. Métodos: Estudo de caso, descritivo e exploratório, em contexto de UCSP, sendo o MDAIF o referencial teórico e operativo. Como colheita de dados recorreu-se à realização de entrevistas em profundidade. Foram tidos em conta todos os princípios éticos. Resultados: Identificaram-se os seguintes diagnósticos de enfermagem a necessitar de intervenção: edifício residencial não seguro, satisfação conjugal não mantida, papel de prestador de cuidados não adequado, processo familiar disfuncional. Realizada implementação das intervenções decorrentes da expressão de emoções, saturação de papeis e coping recorrendo-se a terapia narrativa. Conclusão: Este estudo possibilitou a identificação das necessidades da família e as intervenções promotoras de mudança. Verificamos a efetividade das intervenções implementadas. Reconhecemos o MDAIF como uma ferramenta essencial para os Enfermeiros na avaliação e intervenção na família como unidade de cuidados.
Cell reprogramming in response to jasmonates requires a tight control of transcription that is achieved by the activity of JA-related transcription factors (TFs). Among them, MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4 have ...been described as activators of JA responses. Here we characterized the function of bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 that conform a phylogenetic clade closely related to MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4. We found that these bHLHs form homo- and heterodimers and also interact with JAZ repressors in vitro and in vivo. Phenotypic analysis of JA-regulated processes, including root and rosette growth, anthocyanin accumulation, chlorophyll loss and resistance to Pseudomonas syringae, on mutants and overexpression lines, suggested that these bHLHs are repressors of JA responses. bHLH003, bHLH013 and bHLH017 are mainly nuclear proteins and bind DNA with similar specificity to that of MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4, but lack a conserved activation domain, suggesting that repression is achieved by competition for the same cis-regulatory elements. Moreover, expression of bHLH017 is induced by JA and depends on MYC2, suggesting a negative feed-back regulation of the activity of positive JA-related TFs. Our results suggest that the competition between positive and negative TFs determines the output of JA-dependent transcriptional activation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Resumo: A restrição do crescimento intrauterino e a prematuridade determinam o baixo peso ao nascer, e a combinação das três condições resulta em diferentes fenótipos neonatais que interferem na ...sobrevivência infantil. Foram estimadas a prevalência, a sobrevivência e a mortalidade neonatal, segundo os fenótipos neonatais, na coorte de nascidos vivos de 2021 no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram excluídos nascidos vivos de gravidez múltipla, com anomalia congênita, e com inconsistências nas informações de peso e idade gestacional. Foi utilizada a curva Intergrowth para classificar adequação do peso, e estimadas a mortalidade (< 24 horas, 1-6 e 7-27 dias) e sobrevida (Kaplan-Meier). Dos 174.399 nascidos vivos, 6,8%, 5,5% e 9,5% eram, respectivamente, baixo peso ao nascer, pequeno para idade gestacional (PIG) e prematuros. Entre nascidos vivos com baixo peso ao nascer, 39,7% eram PIG e 70%, prematuros. Os fenótipos neonatais foram heterogêneos segundo características maternas, do parto, da gestação e do recém-nascido. A taxa de mortalidade por 1.000 nascidos vivos foi elevada para neonatos de baixo peso ao nascer prematuros, tanto PIG (78,1) quanto AIG (adequado para idade gestacional: 61,1), em todas as idades específicas. Houve reduções significantes da sobrevida quando comparados aos nascidos vivos não baixo peso ao nascer, AIG termo. As prevalências estimadas mostraram menores valores que as de outros estudos, em parte pelos critérios de exclusão adotados. Os fenótipos neonatais identificaram crianças mais vulneráveis e com maior risco de morte. A prematuridade contribuiu mais para a mortalidade que a condição de PIG; sua prevenção é necessária para reduzir a mortalidade neonatal no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction and prematurity determine low birth weight. The combination of the three conditions results in different neonatal phenotypes that interfere with child survival. Neonatal prevalence, survival and mortality were estimated according to neonatal phenotypes in the cohort of live births in 2021 in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In this study, live births of multiple pregnancies, with congenital anomalies and inconsistencies in the information of weight and gestational age were excluded. The Intergrowth curve was used to classify weight adequacy. Mortality (< 24 hours, 1-6 and 7-27 days) and survival (Kaplan-Meier) were estimated. In total, 6.8%, 5.5%, and 9.5% of the 174,399 live births were low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), and premature, respectively. Considering low birth weight live births, 39.7% were SGA and 70% were premature. The neonatal phenotypes were heterogeneous according to maternal, delivery, pregnancy, and newborn characteristics. The mortality rate per 1,000 live births was high for low birth weight premature newborns, both SGA (78.1) and AGA (adequate for gestational age: 61.1), at all specific ages. Reductions in the survival rate were observed when comparing non-low birth weight and AGA term live births. The estimated prevalence values were lower than those of other studies, partly due to the exclusion criteria adopted. The neonatal phenotypes identified children who were more vulnerable and at higher risk of death. Prematurity contributed more to mortality than SGA, and its prevention is necessary to reduce neonatal mortality in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Resumen: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y la prematuridad determinan el bajo peso al nacer, y la combinación de las tres condiciones da como resultado diferentes fenotipos neonatales que interfieren en la supervivencia infantil. Se estimó la prevalencia, supervivencia y mortalidad neonatal según los fenotipos neonatales, en la cohorte de nacidos vivos en 2021 en el Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se excluyeron nacidos vivos de embarazo múltiple, con anomalía congénita y con inconsistencias en la información sobre el peso y edad gestacional. Se utilizó la curva Intergrowth para clasificar la adecuación de peso, y se estimó la mortalidad (< 24 horas, 1-6 y 7-27 días) y supervivencia (Kaplan-Meier). De los 174.399 nacidos vivos, 6,8%, 5,5% y 9,5% fueron, respectivamente, bajo peso al nacer, pequeños para la edad gestacional (PIG) y prematuros. Entre los bacidos vivos com bajo peso al nacer, el 39,7% eran PIG y el 70% prematuros. Los fenotipos neonatales fueron heterogéneos según las características maternas, del parto, del embarazo y del recién nacido. La tasa de mortalidad por 1.000 nacidos vivos fue alta para los neonatos bajo peso al nacer prematuros, tanto PIG (78,1) como AIG (apropiado para la edad gestacional: 61,1), en todas las edades específicas. Hubo reducciones significativas en la supervivencia en comparación con el término AIG bajo peso al nacer nos nacidos vivos. Las prevalencias estimadas mostraron valores inferiores a los de otros estudios, en parte debido a los criterios de exclusión adoptados. Los fenotipos neonatales identificó a los niños más vulnerables y con mayor riesgo de muerte. La prematuridad contribuyó más a la mortalidad que la condición PIG, y su prevención es necesaria para reducir la mortalidad neonatal en el Estado de Río de Janeiro.
DE-ETIOLATED 1 (DET1) is an evolutionarily conserved component of the ubiquitination machinery that mediates the destabilization of key regulators of cell differentiation and proliferation in ...multicellular organisms. In this study, we provide evidence from Arabidopsis that DET1 is essential for the regulation of histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub) over most genes by controlling the stability of a deubiquitination module (DUBm). In contrast with yeast and metazoan DUB modules that are associated with the large SAGA complex, the Arabidopsis DUBm only comprises three proteins (hereafter named SGF11, ENY2 and UBP22) and appears to act independently as a major H2Bub deubiquitinase activity. Our study further unveils that DET1-DDB1-Associated-1 (DDA1) protein interacts with SGF11
, linking the DET1 complex to light-dependent ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic degradation of the DUBm. Collectively, these findings uncover a signaling path controlling DUBm availability, potentially adjusting H2Bub turnover capacity to the cell transcriptional status.
Pull-down assays are key tools to test specific protein–protein interactions and have been particularly fruitful in jasmonate signaling research. Here, we describe a standard protocol in which a ...matrix-bound “bait” protein, expressed in Escherichia coli, pulls down a “prey” protein that is soluble in a protein extract obtained from Arabidopsis thaliana plant tissues. The pulled-down protein can be detected by immunoblot with protein-specific or epitope-specific antibodies. Such a pull-down method was used to reveal interactions among components of the jasmonic acid signaling, including hormone-dependent coreceptor interaction, homodimerization and heterodimerization of JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN repressors, and interactions among other corepressor components and with transcription factors. Pull-down assays contributed not only to shape this signaling pathway but also to identify the active jasmonate hormone.
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