The permeability transition pore (PTP) is a mitochondrial inner membrane Ca2+-sensitive channel that plays a key role in different models of cell death. Because functional links between the PTP and ...the respiratory chain complex I have been reported, we have investigated the effects of rotenone on PTP regulation in U937 and KB cells. We show that rotenone was more potent than cyclosporin A at inhibiting Ca2+-induced PTP opening in digitonin-permeabilized cells energized with succinate. Consistent with PTP regulation by electron flux through complex I, the effect of rotenone persisted after oxidation of pyridine nucleotides by duroquinone. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide induced PTP opening in intact cells (as shown by mitochondrial permeabilization to calcein and cobalt), as well as cytochrome c release and cell death. All these events were prevented by rotenone or cyclosporin A. These data demonstrate that respiratory chain complex I plays a key role in PTP regulation in vivo and confirm the importance of PTP opening in the commitment to cell death.
Fontaine M., Fontaine M.-P., Goret Pierre, Brion Abel, Pilet Ch., Girard Marc, Alloui P. Une enzootie de pneumonie à virus du porc dans la région parisienne. Isolement et essai d'identification du ...virus en cause. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 111 n°8, 1958. pp. 451-471.
Dans le département du Nord, en décembre 1979 puis en août 1980, sont apparus deux foyers d'Influenza aviaire dans des élevages de poules pondeuses. Ils se traduisent par une haute morbidité à ...prédominance digestive, un certain taux de mortalité chez les poulettes et un retard d'entrée en ponte.
Les différents examens de laboratoire, mettent en évidence un virus hémagglutinant non neutralisé par le sérum anti-Newcastle, par double diffusion en gélose il donne un trait de précipitation spécifique des Influenza A.
D’après les tests d’inhibition croisée de l'hémagglutinine et de la neuraminidase, l'isolat correspond au sous-type Influenza A/Turkey/Wisconsin/66 (Hav 9 N 2).
A propos de ces premiers foyers d’Influenza décrits en France chez des oiseaux domestiques, la situation épidémiologique générale est discutée en fonction des résultats des enquêtes d’écologie virale en cours dans différents pays.
Two outbreaks of Avian Influenza in egg laying chicken flocks were reported in the north of France in December 1979 and again in August 1980. The clinical signs of the disease were a high morbidity with digestive problems predominating, a fairly high mortality rate in chicks, and a delay in the onset of egg laying.
Numerous laboratory tests show a hemagglutinizing virus which is not neutralized by the anti-Newcastle serum. Agar gel precipitation, one sees a band of precipitation specific for Influenza A.
Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is a newly characterised enzyme in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. A girl who presented on the second day of life with a sudden and severe illness due to ...deficiency of this enzyme is reported. There is evidence that some children (and perhaps all) originally diagnosed with a deficiency of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, in fact, have a defect involving very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
AbstractThis study evaluated the in-service performance of the InSync adaptive signal control (ASC) system utilizing field data collected from the private sector travel time vendor INRIX. A total of ...six corridors in Virginia were tested, with extensive data collected over 6 months. The measurements of effectiveness (MOEs) adopted are mainline delay savings and travel time reliability measurements (95th percentile travel time and buffer index). All the before-and-after MOEs were compared using t-tests, and the Pearson correlation of the MOEs with respect to various quantitative site-specific factors was assessed to determine if effectiveness could be tied to specific site characteristics. The results indicate that the adaptive signal control system generally reduces delay by about 25% and improves travel time reliability by about 16%. The performance of ASC system is affected by site-specific factors, like annual average daily traffic, signal density, and access point density.
Stress-induced release of dynorphins (Dyn) activates kappa opioid receptors (KOR) in serotonergic neurons to produce dysphoria and potentiate drug reward; however, the circuit mechanisms responsible ...for this effect are not known. In male mice, we found that conditional deletion of KOR from Slc6a4 (SERT)-expressing neurons blocked stress-induced potentiation of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). Within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), two overlapping populations of KOR-expressing neurons: Slc17a8 (VGluT3) and SERT, were distinguished functionally and anatomically. Optogenetic inhibition of these SERT
neurons potentiated subsequent cocaine CPP, whereas optical inhibition of the VGluT3
neurons blocked subsequent cocaine CPP. SERT
/VGluT3
expressing neurons were concentrated in the lateral aspect of the DRN. SERT projections from the DRN were observed in the medial nucleus accumbens (mNAc), but VGluT3 projections were not. Optical inhibition of SERT
neurons produced place aversion, whereas optical stimulation of SERT
terminals in the mNAc attenuated stress-induced increases in forced swim immobility and subsequent cocaine CPP. KOR neurons projecting to mNAc were confined to the lateral aspect of the DRN, and the principal source of dynorphinergic (Pdyn) afferents in the mNAc was from local neurons. Excision of Pdyn from the mNAc blocked stress-potentiation of cocaine CPP. Prior studies suggested that stress-induced dynorphin release within the mNAc activates KOR to potentiate cocaine preference by a reduction in 5-HT tone. Consistent with this hypothesis, a transient pharmacological blockade of mNAc 5-HT
receptors potentiated subsequent cocaine CPP. 5-HT
is known to be expressed on 5-HT terminals in NAc, and 5-HT
transcript was also detected in Pdyn
, Adora2a
and ChAT
(markers for direct pathway, indirect pathway, and cholinergic interneurons, respectively). Following stress exposure, 5-HT
transcript was selectively elevated in Pdyn
cells of the mNAc. These findings suggest that Dyn/KOR regulates serotonin activation of 5HT
receptors within the mNAc and dynamically controls stress response, affect, and drug reward.
Variable speed limits (VSLs) have been shown to improve safety and operations on European freeways, but work zone applications of VSLs have been limited. In July 2008, a VSL system was installed on a ...congested portion of the Washington, D.C., Beltway (I-95–I-495) in a major work zone. A limited field evaluation of that system revealed some deficiencies related to the system's configuration, resulting in inconclusive operational effects. Those results raised questions about the relative importance of different VSL system parameters on the ultimate effectiveness of work zone VSLs. This paper describes an evaluation that used a calibrated simulation model to evaluate the influence of several parameters. The results showed that VSLs can delay the onset of congestion and help produce more rapid recovery from congestion, provided that demand volumes are not too far above the work zone capacity. When demand volumes are extremely high, VSLs offer no appreciable benefit over static speed limits. The simulation also showed that VSL sign location is extremely important, and signs must be positioned so that drivers will accelerate back to a reasonable speed once they pass through a bottleneck. Algorithm design also proved to play an important role in system effectiveness.
Brion Abel, Fontaine M., Moraillon Robert. Proposition de mesures prophylactiques contre l’avortement de la Jument par le virus de la rhino-pneumonie. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France ...tome 120 n°2, 1967. pp. 89-93.
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