Dating the East Adriatic Neolithic Forenbaher, Stašo; Kaiser, Timothy; Miracle, Preston T.
European journal of archaeology,
11/2013, Letnik:
16, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
New radiocarbon determinations from Mesolithic, Neolithic, and/or Copper Age contexts at ten sites are presented, bringing the number of absolute dates available for the East Adriatic to more than ...twice that of a decade ago. The dates show that, from 6000 BC onward, pottery styles (Impressed Ware, Danilo variants, Hvar, Nakovana, and Cetina) emerged, spread, and disappeared at different times, places, and rates within the region. The implications for models of the spread of farming and other features of Neolithic life are discussed. The continued usefulness of the threefold division of the regional Neolithic into ‘Early’, ‘Middle’, and ‘Late’ phases is found to be dubious.
A large and complex lithic collection from Pelješac, a peninsula on the eastern Adriatic seaboard of southern Croatia, provides extensive information about raw materials, formal typology, and ...technology of flaked stone artifacts from the Early Neolithic up to the Iron Age. Most of the evidence comes from two stratified sites: a cave named Spila and the hillfort of Grad, both located on the Nakovana Plateau. The most conspicuous characteristic of the Nakovana lithic collection is continuity, both in production technology and in the choice of raw material. Changes are manifest in frequencies of lithic artifact classes, rather than in kinds of lithic artifacts. Virtually all the lithics are made of cherts imported from the Gargano Peninsula, which testifies to persistent trans-Adriatic connections throughout post-Mesolithic prehistory. Prismatic blades were brought to Nakovana as finished products. They are present from the Early Neolithic, their frequencies peak during the Copper Age, and they disappear from the record soon after the transition to the Bronze Age. An ad hoc flake-production technology is present throughout the sequence, but its importance diminishes as the prismatic blade technology takes over. After the disappearance of prismatic blades, Bronze Age lithic assemblages consist mainly of flakes and expedient flake-based tools. While the Nakovana sites did not yield any Mesolithic finds, comparison with other eastern Adriatic sites indicates that raw material procurement patterns changed radically at the time of the transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic, which also coincided with the introduction of prismatic blade technology.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FFLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Glossy blades from the Dalmatian Neolithic have been analysed.•Results demonstrate a change in harvesting techniques during the Middle Neolithic.•This change resulted in tools that would be quicker ...to resharpen.•This data raises the question about an increase in agricultural production.
The Dalmatian coast has been occupied by Neolithic seafaring communities since the beginning of the 6th millennium BC. On the basis of pottery styles, a transition between the Impressed Ware and Danilo culture is defined, around 5300 cal BC. Nevertheless, bioarchaeological and archaeological data indicate general continuity between the two periods. In the current paper, we present an integrated technological and use-wear study of a large selection of lithics from several sites of both inland and insular Dalmatia. The results provide strong evidence for a change in harvesting techniques between the Impressed Ware and Danilo cultural phases. This change can be related to the pursuit of better performing inserts that could be used for longer periods and would be quicker to resharpen. Such a switch may have been associated with an initial increase in agricultural production during the Middle Neolithic.
This article explores the proposition that the archaeological record of small, remote islands with scarce resources reflects the intensity of long-distance interaction in prehistory, taking as an ...example the Adriatic offshore islands. The best represented periods, the early Neolithic and the end of the Copper Age, correspond to the times of large-scale stylistic unity, the former, of the Mediterranean Impressed Wares, and the latter, of Bell Beakers. During those periods, radical innovations were introduced over vast areas of Europe, first, a new subsistence economy, and second, a different kind of social organization. In both cases, long-distance interaction would have played a crucial role.
Mljekarstvo, a osobito proizvodnja fermentiranih mliječnih proizvoda, strategije su uzgoja stoke koje često uključuju sezonska kretanja stada. Nedavno objavljene kemijske analize tragova na posuđu i ...analiza izotopa kisika na zubima ovikaprida pokazujuda su stočari iz sjevernodalmatinskog priobalja počeli svoja stada ljeti izdizati na planinske pašnjake u drugoj polovici 6. tisućljeća pr. Kr., otprilike u isto vrijeme kada su počeli proizvoditi sir. Rezultate tih istraživanja, provedenih na građi iz nizinskihneolitičkih sela, podupire i nadopunjuje raspoloživa arheološka građa iz nalazišta smještenih visoko na Velebitu. Sezonsko vertikalno kretanje pastira započelo je sredinom 6. tisućljeća pr. Kr., oko pet stoljeća nakon prve pojave zemljoradnje u sjevernojDalmaciji. Promjena strategije gospodarenja stadom vremenski se podudara s drugim promjenama koje upućuju na intenziviranje strategija preživljavanja. Širenje zemljoradnje u Liku možda je izravno povezano s početkom transhumantnog stočarstva.
Ljubljana i Cetina Forenbaher, Stašo
Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju u Zagrebu,
12/2018, Letnik:
35, Številka:
-
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Ovaj rad nudi nov sintetički pregled lončarskih stilova trećega tisućljeća prije Krista na prostoru istočnoga Jadrana, temeljen na 146 nalazišta s objavljenom karakterističnom lončarijom. Odmičući se ...od tradicionalnih koncepata arheoloških kultura i razdoblja, najprije se nastoji jasno definirati ljubljansko-jadranski i cetinski lončarski stil. Potom se kritički preispituje građa koja je dosad bila korištena za datiranje tih stilova: stratigrafski podaci iz višeslojnih nalazišta i
asocijacije karakteristične lončarije s metalnim nalazima. Slijedi prvi
pokušaj približnoga datiranja spomenutih stilova putem raspoloživih radiokarbonskih datuma. U zaključku rada, ljubljansko-jadranski i cetinski stil smještaju se na temelju svega iznesenog u svoj širi prostorni i vremenski kontekst.
This contribution provides a new synthetic overview of the eastern Adriatic pottery styles of the third millennium BC, based on 146 sites from which characteristic pottery has been published. Parting with the traditional concepts of archaeological cultures and periods, it first seeks clear definitions of Ljubljana-Adriatic and Cetina pottery styles.
It follows with a critical reexamination of the evidence that, up to the present, has been used for the dating of those styles: stratigraphic
information from stratified sites and the association of characteristic
pottery with objects made of metal. This is followed by a pioneering attempt to date the same styles by using the available radiocarbon dates. In conclusion, Ljubljana-Adriatic and Cetina styles are placed in
their wider spatial and temporal context.
S otočića Palagruže, smještenog u samom središtu Jadrana, potječu neobično bogati keramički i litički nalazi iz 3. tisućljeća prije Krista. Među njima se ističe lukostreličarska oprema (šiljci ...strelica i rukobrani) i bogato ukrašena keramika cetinskog stila. U vremenu obilježenom pokretnošću i pomorskom povezanošću udaljenih krajeva, drevni pomorci po svoj su prilici prepoznali jedinstvenu navigacijsku važnost Palagruže. Odlaganje odabranih predmeta na tom pustom i udaljenom mjestu predstavlja arheološki vidljiv trag tog prepoznavanja.
In this paper new palaeogeographic and archaeological data from the prehistoric cave Vela Spila on the island of Korčula in Croatia are combined with new realizations of two glacial isostatic ...adjustment models in order to present relative sea-level change scenarios confronting the inhabitants of the cave at different time slices and to show how they experienced and adapted to sea-level and climate change from the Late Pleistocene through the Holocene. Our results show that from the Late Upper Palaeolithic until the Mesolithic, humans in the study area would have experienced tens of metres of sea-level rise, at rates in some cases up to 12 mm per year, and, owing to the relatively flat morphology of the now submerged plains, hundreds of meters of horizontal coastline change in the plains to the north and south of the island. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the rapid loss of these plains likely contributed to the human abandonment of the cave after the Palaeolithic for about five thousand years, followed by significant changes in lifestyle and diet in the Mesolithic. Our results have important implications for the study of how past human groups, especially in vulnerable coastal areas, were affected by sea level, climate, and other environmental changes. Vela Spila represents a case study of how changing environment and rising seas can force significant alterations in human societies, even when there is no risk of inundation to settlement sites.
•Vela Spila Cave site, Croatia, testifies how sea-level rise can force changes in human societies.•The cave was settled from the Late Upper Palaeolithic until the Neolithic.•In the study area humans experienced tens of metres of sea-level rise in their lifetime.•In the Late Upper Palaeolithic, abandonment of the cave was triggered by high rates of sea-level rise.•Stabilization of coastlines fostered the re-occupation of the cave at ca. 9.4 cal ka BP.
About two-thirds of the Nakovana zodiac are missing. Since the other known examples of astrologer's boards consisted of several concentric zones (the zodiac being but one among them), perhaps only a ...small part of the complete object has survived. ...like the tablets from Grand, Nakovana zodiac may have been deliberately shattered and some of its parts thrown out of the cave.
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