We report on a bottom-up approach of the selective and precise growth of subnanometer wide straight and chevron-type armchair nanoribbons (GNRs) on a stepped Au(788) surface using different specific ...molecular precursors. This process creates spatially well-aligned GNRs, as characterized by STM. High-resolution direct and inverse photoemission spectroscopy of occupied and unoccupied states allows the determination of the energetic position and momentum dispersion of electronic states revealing the existence of band gaps of several electron volts for straight 7-armchair, 13-armchair, and chevron-type GNRs in the electronic structure.
With the purpose of improving healthcare, past research has examined the link between healthcare utilization and attachment. It is suggested that an individual's attachment style influences both the ...quality of their patient-physician relationship and healthcare utilization patterns. Nevertheless, most studies concentrate on the individual aspect, overlooking the dyadic dimension; specifically, the investigation of how insecure attachment relates to health behavior within patient-physician relationships. This gap leaves the role of the patient-doctor relationship in this process unclear. Therefore, to elucidate this complex interplay, we hypothesized that the correlation between attachment and healthcare utilization is mediated by the quality of the patient-physician-relationship.
Participant selection was based on electoral districts, a random-route procedure, and the Kish selection grid. The participants were visited by a trained interviewer who collected psychometric and sociodemographic information. Participants answered the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised questionnaire (ECR-RD8) and the Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ-9). Additionally, participants were asked about their healthcare utilization. The final sample consisted of N = 2.275 participants.
In average the participants reported consulting their primary health care practitioner M(SD) = 4.44 (4.76) times in the past 12 months. Generally, the participants rated the quality of the relationship with their primary health care practitioner close to "totally appropriate" (M = 4.12 ± .69). The degree of insecure attachment manifested towards the lower extremity of the scale. The total effect of the mediation analyses was significant. Regardless, the indirect effect indicated a trend result with minimal effect sizes.
The findings of the current study bridged the gap between attachment styles and healthcare utilization. Nonetheless, our results suggested insufficient support for the mediating role of the primary care physician in the relationship between attachment style and healthcare utilization. Considering the characteristics of the sample, this outcome may not apply in a clinical context. However, further research is needed to shed light in the revealed trends and indicate implications.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Prokaryotic diversity was investigated near the inlet and outlet of a plug-flow reactor. After analyzing 800 clones, 50 bacterial and 3 archaeal phylogenetic groups were defined. Clostridia (>92%) ...dominated among bacteria and Methanoculleus (>90%) among archaea. Significant changes in pH and volatile fatty acids did not invoke a major shift in the phylogenetic groups. We suggest that the environmental filter imposed by the saline conditions (20 g liter⁻¹) selected a stable community of halotolerant and halophilic prokaryotes.
Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has been recognized as a ubiquitous, unstable signalling molecule, acting as a fast neurotransmitter and modulator of transmitter release and neuronal ...excitability. Recent findings have demonstrated that ATP is a growth factor participating in differentiation, cell proliferation, and survival, as well as a toxic agent that mediates cellular degeneration and death. Potential sources of extracellular purines in the nervous system include neurons, glia, endothelium, and blood. A complex family of ectoenzymes rapidly hydrolyzes or interconverts extracellular nucleotides, thereby either terminating their signalling action or producing an active metabolite of altered purinoceptor selectivity. Most effects are mediated through the 2 main subclasses of specific cell surface receptors, P2X and P2Y. Members of these P2X/Y receptor families are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and are involved in glia-glia and glia-neuron communications, whereby they play important physiological and pathophysiological roles in a variety of biological processes. After different kinds of "acute" CNS injury (e.g., ischemia, hypoxia, mechanical stress, axotomy), extracellular ATP can reach high concentrations, up to the millimolar range, flowing out from cells into the extracellular space, exocytotically, via transmembrane transport, or as a result of cell damage. In this review, P2 receptor activation as a cause or a consequence of neuronal cell activation or death and/or glial activation is described. The involvement of P2 receptors is also described under different "chronic" pathological conditions, such as pain, epilepsia, toxic influence of ethanol or amphetamine, retinal diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and possibly, Parkinson's disease. The relationship between changes in P2 receptor expression and the specific response of different cell types to injury is extremely complex and can be related to detrimental and/or beneficial effects. The present review therefore considers ATP acting via P2 receptors as a potent regulator of normal physiological and pathological processes in the brain, with a focus on pathophysiological implications of P2 receptor functions.
In the analysis of tribological contacts, the focus is often on a singular question or result. However, this entails the potential risk that the overall picture and the relationships could be ...oversimplified or even that wrong conclusions could be drawn. In this article, a comprehensive consideration of test results including component and lubricant analyses is demonstrated by using the example of rolling contact. For this purpose, thrust cylindrical roller bearings of type 81212 with unadditized base oils were tested in the mixed-friction area. Our study shows that by using an adapted and innovative surface analysis, a deeper dive into the tribo-film is feasible even without highly sophisticated analytical equipment. The characterization of the layers was performed by the three less time-consuming spatially resolved analysis methods of µXRF, ATR FTIR microscopy and Raman spectroscopy adapted by Schaeffler. This represents a bridge between industry and research. The investigations show that especially undocumented and uncontrolled contamination of the test equipment could lead to surprising findings, which would result in the wrong conclusions. Simple substances, like hydrocarbons, are demanding test specimens.
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a frequently occurring plant disease, which causes retarded growth and mortality of young apple trees in replanted orchards. The aetiology is not well understood, but ...soil‐borne micro‐organisms are often discussed as primary causal agents of the replant problem. A greenhouse study was conducted in Laimburg, Italy, with orchard soils from the region, with the aim of obtaining information about the influence of soil biotic and abiotic factors on the aetiology of the disease. Apple rootstocks (M9) were planted into soils cultivated with apple trees that were either fumigated with chloropicrin or not fumigated, as well as mixtures of fumigated and non‐fumigated soils. In addition, uncultivated soils (from the inter‐row, from a fallow plot and from a meadow) were taken as controls. Various parameters were measured after 62 days in a controlled pot assay. Soils fumigated with chloropicrin resulted in higher apple shoot growth and lower microbial biomass carbon than non‐fumigated soils. Uncultivated soils had generally the highest microbial biomass carbon and the highest ergosterol contents. No considerable differences between basal respiration, ergosterol content, pH, electrical conductivity, and most nutrient and metal contents were observed between fumigated and non‐fumigated soils. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis gels of DNA extracted from the soils revealed differences in the fungal, bacterial and actinobacterial communities of the different soils, indicating significant shifts in microbial community composition after chloropicrin treatment. This study indicates biotic factors in soil to be a causal agent of apple replant disease.
We study the binding pattern of the amino acid alanine on the naturally chiral Pt surfaces Pt(531), Pt(321), and Pt(643). These surfaces are all vicinal to the {111} direction but have different ...local environments of their kink sites and are thus a model for realistic roughened Pt surfaces. Alanine has only a single methyl group attached to its chiral center, which makes the number of possible binding conformations computationally tractable. Additionally, only the amine and carboxyl group are expected to interact strongly with the Pt substrate. On Pt(531), we study the molecule in its pristine as well as its deprotonated form and find that the deprotonated one is more stable by 0.47 eV. Therefore, we study the molecule in its deprotonated form on Pt(321) and Pt(643). As expected, the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the deprotonated molecule provide a local binding "tripod" and the most stable adsorption configurations optimize the interaction of this "tripod" with undercoordinated surface atoms. However, the interaction of the methyl group plays an important role: it induces significant chiral selectivity of about 60 meV on all surfaces. Hereby, the L-enantiomer adsorbs preferentially to the Pt(321)(S) and Pt(643)(S) surfaces, while the D-enantiomer is more stable on Pt(531)(S). The binding energies increase with increasing surface density of kink sites, i.e., they are largest for Pt(531)(S) and smallest for Pt(643)(S).
•History of compost research regarding microbiology and disease suppressiveness.•Microbial community and key microbes in composting processes.•Methodologies (past and present) used to analyse ...microbial communities in compost.•Application of effective soil microbes for the enrichment of composts.•Potentially important role of non-culturable microbes in disease suppression.
Soil-borne plant pathogens are responsible for causing many crop plant diseases, resulting in significant economic losses. Compost application to agricultural fields is an excellent natural approach, which can be taken to fight against plant pathogens. The application of organic waste products is also an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical use, which unfortunately is the most common approach in agriculture today. This review analyses pioneering and recent compost research, and also the mechanisms and mode of action of compost microbial communities for reducing the activity of plant pathogens in agricultural crops. In addition, an approach for improving the quality of composts through the microbial communities already present in the compost is presented. Future agricultural practices will almost definitely require integrated research strategies to help combat plant diseases.
In this study, seven full‐scale anaerobic digesters, with or without co‐substrate regime, were analysed by physicochemical and molecular biological methods. A combination of robust community ...fingerprinting and Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed a core bacterial community dominated by Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, with variations in the profiles because of differences in the co‐substrate feeding regime. Despite these differences, physicochemical properties revealed a stable performance of all reactors, indicating a resilient bacterial microbiota in all full‐scale reactors. A rich bacterial core community ensured reactor functionality, whilst feeding regime and reactor type impacted the overall and the core bacterial diversity. Within the Archaea, Methanosaeta dominated in all reactors. Results indicated no relationship between archaeal community structure and the type of co‐substrate digested. Methanogens rely on the metabolic end products of bacterial activity and are thus less dependent on differences in the initial co‐substrate regime.
The compost environment consists of complex organic materials that form a habitat for a rich and diverse microbial community. The aim of this research was to study the dynamics of microbial ...communities during the compost-curing phase. Three different methods based on 16S rRNA gene sequence were applied to monitor changes in the microbial communities: (1) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-generated rRNA gene fragments; (2) partial rRNA gene clone libraries; and (3) a microarray of oligonucleotide probes targeting rRNA gene sequences. All three methods indicated distinctive community shifts during curing and the dominant species prevailing during the different curing stages were identified. We found a successional transition of different bacterial phylogenetic groups during compost curing. The Proteobacteria were the most abundant phylum in all cases. The Bacteroidetes and the Gammaproteobacteria were ubiquitous. During the midcuring stage, Actinobacteria were dominant. Different members of nitrifying bacteria and cellulose and macromolecule-degrading bacteria were found throughout the curing process. In contrast, pathogens were not detected. In the cured compost, bacterial population shifts were still observed after the compost organic matter and other biochemical properties had seemingly stabilized.
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