Abstract We present the recent development of a lightweight detector capable of accurate spatial, timing, and amplitude resolution of charged particles. The technology is based on double-sided ...double-metal p+ – n – n+ micro-strip silicon sensors, ultra-light long aluminum-polyimide micro-cables for the analogue signal transfer, and a custom-developed SMX read-out ASIC capable of measurement of the time (Δ t ≲ 5 ns) and amplitude. Dense detector integration enables a material budget > 0.3 % X 0 . A sophisticated powering and grounding scheme keeps the noise under control. In addition to its primary application in Silicon Tracking System of the future CBM experiment in Darmstadt, our detector will be utilized in other research applications.
The triple GEM detectors for the CBM muon chamber (MuCh) will be operated in a high rate environment of heavily ionizing particles due to the presence of thick iron absorber in the system. Therefore, ...the stability of the detectors needs to be tested. In a dedicated beam time double mask triple GEM detectors have been tested at CERN SPS/H4. In this study pion beam of ~ 150GeV/c has been used. Different methods to determine the spark has been described in this paper. The stability of the triple GEM detector setup in an environment of high energetic showers is studied. To this end the spark probability in a shower environment is compared to the spark probability in a pion beam. The spark probability was found to be ~10−7 in a high momentum pion beam and in an induced particle shower.
Characteristics of triple GEM detector have been studied systematically. The variation of the effective gain and energy resolution of GEM with variation of the applied voltage has been measured with ...Fe55 X-ray source for different gas mixtures and with different gas flow rates. Long-term test of the GEM has also been performed.
Triple GEM chamber has been selected to be used for the muon detection system (MUCH) in the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the upcoming Facility for the Antiproton and Ion Research ...(FAIR). Two prototype triple-GEM chambers filled with the mixture of argon and CO2 gases in the ratio of 70:30 were made of small-size (10cm×10cm) single-mask GEM foils and read by a self-triggered readout ASIC called nXYTER have been tested with pion beams at CERN. The readout electronics records the arrival times of GEM hits and of corresponding coincidence trigger signals separately. The distribution of time difference between GEM hits and respective triggers shows a peak demonstrating the time correlation between GEM hits and the trigger. The width (σ) of the time-correlation peak, which is related to the time resolution of the chamber, reduces with voltage approaching ≈12ns at ΔVGEM of 335V. Considering the hits inside the time-correlation peak to correspond to the beam trigger, the efficiency reaches a plateau at 95% at ΔGEM above 330V. For a readout plane segmented by 3mm×3mm pads, on an average 1.2 pads are fired per trigger for pion beams at the operating voltage. The chamber shows a gain of ≈4000 at ΔVGEM of 350V.
The characteristics of triple GEM detectors have been studied systematically by using cosmic ray muons. The minimum ionizing particle (MIP) spectra have been taken for different GEM voltage setting. ...Efficiency of GEM detector has been measured for cosmic ray. At high rate operation of GEMs the value of the protection resistor influences the gain and the stability. This feature has been investigated varying both the rate and the value of the protection resistor. This measurement has been performed using both X-ray generator and Fe super(55) source. The ageing and long-term stability of GEM based detectors has been studied employing both X-ray generator and Fe super(55) source. The ageing study of one GEM module is performed by using a 8 keV Cu X-ray generator to verify the stability and integrity of the GEM detectors over a longer period of time. The accumulated charge on the detector is calculated from the rate of the X-ray and the average gain of the detector. The details of the measurement and results has been described in this article.
High-precision contactless optical 3D-metrology of silicon sensors Lavrik, E.; Frankenfeld, U.; Mehta, S. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2019, Letnik:
935
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We describe a setup and procedures for contactless optical 3D-metrology of silicon micro-strip sensors. Space points are obtained by video microscopy and a high precision XY-table. The XY-dimensions ...are obtained from the movement of the table and pattern recognition, while the Z-dimension results from a Fast Fourier Transformation analyses of microscopic images taken at various distances of the optical system from the object under investigation, i.e. focus-based optical metrology. The setup is employed to measure the position of silicon sensors mounted onto a carbon fibre structure with a precision of a few microns.
The design, construction, and commissioning of the ALICE Time-Projection Chamber (TPC) is described. It is the main device for pattern recognition, tracking, and identification of charged particles ...in the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. The TPC is cylindrical in shape with a volume close to 90m3 and is operated in a 0.5T solenoidal magnetic field parallel to its axis.
In this paper we describe in detail the design considerations for this detector for operation in the extreme multiplicity environment of central Pb–Pb collisions at LHC energy. The implementation of the resulting requirements into hardware (field cage, read-out chambers, electronics), infrastructure (gas and cooling system, laser-calibration system), and software led to many technical innovations which are described along with a presentation of all the major components of the detector, as currently realized. We also report on the performance achieved after completion of the first round of stand-alone calibration runs and demonstrate results close to those specified in the TPC Technical Design Report.
Spark probability measurement of a single mask triple GEM detector Chatterjee, S.; Frankenfeld, U.; Garabatos, C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2020, Letnik:
977
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors will be used as a tracking device in the first two stations of CBM MUon CHamber (MUCH), where the maximum particle rate is expected to reach ∼1 MHz/cm2 ...for central Au-Au collisions at 8 AGeV. Therefore, the stable operation of the detector is very important. Discharge probability has been measured of a single mask triple GEM detector at the CERN SPS/H4 beam-line facility with a pion beam of ∼150 GeV/c and also in an environment of highly ionizing shower particles. The spark probability as a function of gain has been studied for different particle rates. The details of the experimental setup, method of spark identification and results are presented in this paper.
The Alice time projection chamber (TPC) detector will be operated with a gas mixture of 90% Ne and 10% CO 2 at the electric field of 400 V/cm. Recent studies favor a three-component mixture by adding ...about 5% N 2 , which will improve the stability of the gas against discharges. These operating parameters lead to a nonsaturated drift velocity for electrons but also impose that all external influences on the drift gas must be reduced to minimum. A problematic influence is the temperature variation, which can lead to local fluctuation in the gas density and therefore directly affects the drift velocity. For the Alice TPC, the aim is to have a temperature stability of 0.1degC over the full drift length (2.5 m). The main heat contribution comes from the readout chambers' front-end electronics and one estimates that a total of 30.2 kW must be removed. In this paper we present the cooling strategies for the TPC and discuss the results of the thermal test setup build for validation
Signal shapes in multiwire proportional chamber-based TPCs Windelband, J. Alme T. Alt H. Appelshäuser M. Arslandok R. Averbeck E. Bartsch P. Becht L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger H. Buesching H. Caines P. Christiansen F. Costa U. Frankenfeld J. J. Gaardhøje C. Garabatos P. Glässel T. Gunji H. Hamagaki J. W. Harris E. Hellbär H. Helstrup M. Ivanov J. Jung M. Jung A. Junique A. Kalweit R. Keidel S. Kirsch M. Kleiner M. Kowalski M. Krüger C. Lippmann M. Mager S. Masciocchi A. Matyja D. Miśkowiec R. H. Munzer L. Musa B. S. Nielsen J. Otwinowski M. Pikna A. Rehman R. Renfordt D. Röhrich H. S. Scheid C. Schmidt H. R. Schmidt K. Schweda Y. Sekiguchi D. Silvermyr B. Sitar J. Stachel K. Ullaland R. Veenhof V. Vislavicius J. Wiechula B
arXiv.org,
12/2023
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
A large-volume Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is the main tracking and particle identification (PID) detector of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. PID in the TPC is performed via specific ...energy-loss measurements (dE/dx), which are derived from the average pulse-height distribution of ionization generated by charged-particle tracks traversing the TPC volume. During Runs 1 and 2, until 2018, the gas amplification stage was based on multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC). Signals from the MWPC show characteristic long negative tails after an initial positive peak due to the long ion drift times in the MWPC amplification region. This so-called ion tail can lead to a significant amplitude loss in subsequently measured signals, especially in the high-multiplicity environment of high-energy Pb-Pb collisions, which results in a degradation of the dE/dx resolution. A detailed study of the signal shapes measured with the ALICE TPC with the Ne-CO2 (90-10) and Ar-CO2 (90-10) gas mixtures is presented, and the results are compared with three-dimensional Garfield simulations. The impact of the ion tail on the PID performance is studied employing the ALICE simulation framework and the feasibility of an offline correction procedure to account for the ion tail is demonstrated.
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