Evaluation of Acute Pelvic Pain in Women Jason, Frasca D; Jarrio, Caitlyn E; Perdue, Justin
American family physician,
08/2023, Letnik:
108, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Summary
Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved receptors essential for the host defence against pathogens. Both immune and non‐immune cells can express TLRs, although at different ...levels. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease in which autoimmunity, dysregulated profibrotic mediator release and activation of fibroblasts lead to dysregulated collagen deposition and fibrosis. There is now increasing knowledge that the innate immune system and, in particular, TLRs take a part in SSc pathogenesis. The list of endogenous ligands that can stimulate TLRs in SSc is growing: these ligands represent specific danger‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), involved either in the initiation or the perpetuation of inflammation, and in the release of factors that sustain the fibrotic process or directly stimulate the cells that produce collagen and the endothelial cells. This review reports evidences concerning TLR signalling involvement in SSc. We report the new DAMPs, as well as the TLR‐linked pathways involved in disease, with emphasis on type I interferon signature in SSc, the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and platelets. The dissection of the contribution of all these pathways to disease, and their correlation with the disease status, as well as their values as prognostic tools, can help to plan timely intervention and design new drugs for more appropriate therapeutic strategies.
TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis and are activated by endogenous mediators (“danger signals”). This review is an updated report on the recognised endogenous mediators activating TLRs in Systemic Sclerosis, according to the most recent literature
In this article, we consider a class of multiagent network systems that we refer to as open multiagent systems (OMASs): in these multiagent systems, an indefinite number of agents may join or leave ...the network at any time. Focusing on discrete-time evolutions of scalar agents, we provide a novel theoretical framework to study the dynamical properties of OMASs. Specifically, we propose a suitable notion of stability and derive sufficient conditions for it. Our analysis regards the arrival/departure of agents as a disturbance; consistently, our stability conditions require the effect of arrivals/departures to be bounded (in a precise sense) and the OMASs to be contractive in the absence of arrivals/departures. In order to provide an example of application for this theory, we reformulate the well-known proportional dynamic consensus for OMASs, and we study the stability properties of the resulting open proportional dynamic consensus algorithm.
This note studies a network of agents having continuous-time dynamics with quantized interactions and time-varying directed topology. Due to the discontinuity of the dynamics, solutions of the ...resulting ODE systems are intended in the sense of Krasovskii. A limit connectivity graph is defined, which encodes persistent interactions between nodes: if such graph has a globally reachable node, Krasovskii solutions reach consensus (up to the quantizer precision) after a finite time. Under the additional assumption of a time-invariant topology, the convergence time is upper bounded by a quantity which depends on the network size and the quantizer precision. It is observed that the convergence time can be very large for solutions which stay on a discontinuity surface.
Introduction: Optimization of glucose control during coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG) is a major goal to reduce intra and post-op morbidity and mortality in subjects with coronary artery ...disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor analogs (GLP-1RAs) reduce cardiovascular risk. However, the short-term effects of GLP1RA on intra and post CABG metabolic control is unknown. Objective: was to evaluate if pre-operative treatment with liraglutide can improve intra and post CABG glucose and metabolic control Methods: This was a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled interventional study in 38 patients with T2DM and CAD with an acceptable glycemic control (HbA1c <8%) who required elective CABG. Subjects were started on either liraglutide or placebo in addition to current treatment for a minimum of 4 up to 12 weeks prior to CABG. Fat samples were collected during CABG; blood and clinical data were obtained before starting either liraglutide or placebo, intra-op and 1-month post-op. Results: The two groups were very homogenous prior to the CABG. Patients who were randomized to liraglutide had significantly better intra-op glucose control during the CABG than those on placebo (146±21 vs 160±21 mg/dl, p<0.01). BMI and body weight significantly decreased at 1-month post-op when compared to baseline in patients who were randomized to liraglutide (from 32.7±6 to 30.5±5 kg/m2; from 214±39 to 208±38 lbs p< 0.05 for both), whereas placebo had no significant BMI or body weight changes. Post-op HbA1c improved in both liraglutide and placebo group (from 6.9 to 5.9% and from 7.2 to 6.1% respectively, p<0.01). Coronary epicardial fat (EAT) inflammatory transcriptome was significantly different than subcutaneous fat (p<0.01). Conclusions: This RCT shows for the first time that short-term pre-CABG liraglutide induces significant beneficial cardio-metabolic effects, such as better intra- and post-operative glucose control, EAT changes and post-operative weight loss. Disclosure G. Iacobellis: None. D. Frasca: None. Funding NCT03260881
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