Brain metastases occur commonly in the setting of a variety of human cancers. At present, such cases are invariably fatal and highlight a need for research on new therapies. We have developed a mouse ...brain tumor model utilizing the Harding-Passey melanoma cell line injected intracranially into C57BI/6 mice. Tumors develop in 100% of the mice and can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging as early as 5 days post cell injection. Death from tumor progression occurs between 12 and 16 days post cell injection. Stereotactic injection of the neuroattenuated HSV-1 strain 1716 into brain tumors 5 or 10 days postinjection of the melanoma cells results in a statistically significant increase in the time to development of neurological symptoms and in complete tumor regression and the long-term survival of some treated animals. Moreover, viral titration studies and immunohistochemistry suggest that replication of this virus is restricted to tumor cells and does not occur in the surrounding brain tissue. These results suggest that HSV-1 mutant 1716 shows particular promise for use as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of brain tumors.
Summary Taenia solium, a human cestode parasite endemic throughout most of South‐east Asia, causes a number of public health and economic problems. The parasite is endemic in Bali due to a mix of ...cultural and religious practices. Immunoepidemiological investigation of three rural communities revealed a taeniasis prevalence of 0.72% (3/415). One of the three cases was due to Taenia solium, the other two to Taenia saginata. A further nine cases of Taenia infection were identified from patients from villages surrounding the chosen communities, suggesting that prevalence levels may be higher in other areas. Seroprevalence of human cysticercosis by immunoblot was 1.65% (6/363), though all cases were detected within a single community (6/115; prevalence 5.22%). Several other cases of subcutaneous cysticercosis were identified from local clinics, suggesting continued transmission of Taenia solium in the region. Other intestinal helminth parasites identified within the communities were Ascaris lumbricoides (29.9%), Trichuris trichiuria (33.9%) and hookworm (8.2%).
Sewer solids management using invert traps Fraser, Alasdair G.; Ashley, Richard M.; Sutherland, Morven M. ...
Water science and technology,
1998, 1998-00-00, 19980101, Letnik:
37, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
During the 20th century, the once common practice of trapping sewer sediments at key locations within sewerage systems has lost favour with UK sewerage designers and, to a lesser extent, operators. ...The reasons for this include the perception of a priori unquantifiable maintenance, and the difficulties of sewer sediment extraction in town centres in an environmentally acceptable fashion. In order to assess the need for and requirements of such trapping systems, a survey of UK sewerage operators was carried out. The results of this survey have been used as a starting point to initiate the development of a design and operational methodology for the utilisation of traps. The survey highlighted the lack of guidance available and the importance of trap monitoring to enhance performance. A fill rate model is proposed for the design and operational aspects of cleaning and monitoring traps, using two of the most recently developed “near bed solids” transport equations. The model has been applied to a trap situated on a trunk sewer in the city centre area of Dundee. The pollution potential of trap and in-pipe sediments has also been assessed by considering the biodegradability of the sediment fractions likely to be released into the flow column during storm events.
HSV-1716 is a replication-restricted, neuroattenuated ICP 34.5 gene mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Because of the attenuated phenotype of ICP 34.5 mutants in rodent models of HSV ...disease, they have been promoted as potential vaccine strains and gene therapy vectors and have been used by us and others as therapeutic agents for the treatment of experimental malignant tumors. However, all data on the phenotype of HSV-1716 and other ICP 34.5 mutants are from animal model systems, while humans are the natural hosts of HSV-1. To achieve an initial characterization of the phenotype of 1716 in human tissue, we have studied its replication in mature human skin xenografts on SCID mice. We find that replication of 1716 is severely restricted in such human skin grafts relative to both parental wild-type HSV-1 strain 17+ and the HSV-1716 revertant virus 1716R, in which the 759-bp ICP 34.5 gene deletions have been repaired. Moreover, the replication of both 1716 and 17+ is significantly better in the human skin grafts than it is in mouse skin. The implications of these findings are discussed.
In order to obtain a census of planets with masses in the range of Earth to Jupiter, eight telescopes are being used by the combined microlensing campaign of the PLANET and RoboNet collaborations for ...high-cadence photometric round-the-clock follow-up of ongoing events, alerted by the OGLE and MOA surveys. In 2005 we detected a planet of 5.5 Earth masses at 2.6 AU from its parent 0.22 MA M star. This object is the first member of a new class of cold telluric planets. Its detection confirms the power of this method and, given our detection efficiency, suggests that these recently-detected planets may be quite common around M stars, as confirmed by subsequent detection of a ~ 13 Earth-mass planet. Using a network of dedicated 1 2-m-class telescopes, we have entered a new phase of planet discovery, and will be able to provide constraints on the abundance of frozen Super-Earths in the near future.
HSV-1716 is a replication-restricted, neuroattenuated ICP 34.5 gene mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Because of the attenuated phenotype of ICP 34.5 mutants in rodent models of HSV ...disease, they have been promoted as potential vaccine strains and gene therapy vectors and have been used by us and others as therapeutic agents for the treatment of experimental malignant tumors. However, all data on the phenotype of HSV-1716 and other ICP 34.5 mutants are from animal model systems, while humans are the natural hosts of HSV-1. To achieve an initial characterization of the phenotype of 1716 in human tissue, we have studied its replication in mature human skin xenografts on SCID mice. We find that replication of 1716 is severely restricted in such human skin grafts relative to both parental wild-type HSV-1 strain 17+and the HSV-1716 revertant virus 1716R, in which the 759-bp ICP 34.5 gene deletions have been repaired. Moreover, the replication of both 1716 and 17+is significantly better in the human skin grafts than it is in mouse skin. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Sediments in sewers are ubiquitous because of the diverse nature of the inputs. Over the past decade or so, new understanding of the provenance, behaviour and nature of sewer solids is now allowing ...more effective means for solids management. Whilst current computer models are good at representing the hydraulic performance of sewer systems, their handling of sewer solids and associated processes is still embryonic. Hence any attempts to manage in-sewer solids more effectively require a diversity of approaches, both for any modelling studies and for the selection of the most appropriate option. Little information currently exists on which to draw to determine cost-effective or wholelife solutions. Nonetheless significant advances have been made in enhancing the traditional approaches to sewer solids management which have been in use for more than a century.
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