Objective:
To assess whether psychiatrists in the community operate to a sub-typing model of mood disorders when choosing psychotropic medications.
Method:
Patients assessed through the Black Dog ...Institute depression clinic provided information on their previously prescribed and current medications, on how effective they found them and whether they had to be ceased due to side-effects. The prevalence of each medication trialled was analysed according to diagnosis (bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar melancholic depression or unipolar non-melancholic depression).
Results:
Analyses indicate that psychiatrists prescribe medications differentially in line with diagnosis. This effect was found in both previously prescribed and currently prescribed medications, and was most distinct for mood stabiliser and antipsychotic medications. Several medications, in contrast, appeared to have been trialled by the majority of patients, regardless of diagnosis. Analyses of effectiveness and cessation due to side-effects were compromised by small sub-sample sizes.
Conclusions:
Psychiatrists in the community appear to operate to a sub-typing model of mood disorders, preferentially prescribing many medications according to mood disorder sub-type.
The industrial fluid properties simulation challenge was established in 2001 to provide a realistic assessment of the value of molecular simulation methods for predicting thermophysical properties of ...industrially important fluids. The organizing committee (the authors of this paper) wished to establish reliable comparisons between the available methods, to assess the state of the art, and to enhance alignment of academic efforts with industrial needs. The first contest was held in 2002. Commercial modeling companies, academic groups and government laboratories were challenged to predict vapor–liquid equilibria, densities, and viscosities for a specified set of organic fluids, mixtures and aqueous solutions. Based on the success of that endeavor a second contest was held, concluding in September 2004. Modeling groups from around the world attempted to predict vapor pressure and heats of vaporization, Henry's law constants, and heats of mixing using molecular simulation methods (the focus of this contest). The contestants applied a wide range of different methods, and different forcefields. Accurate benchmark values were obtained, based on experimental data, by a team from NIST and Dow Chemical and used to assess the accuracy of the predicted values. Predictions of Henry's constant were judged sufficiently accurate to be of value in an industrial environment. The results for vapor pressure and heats of vaporization were mixed. Reasonable qualitative predictions of heats of mixing were obtained for an organic/organic mixture. But results for aqueous solutions revealed an area where although, for the most part, the methods by which predictions were made are sound, the forcefield descriptions are inadequate.
Formative assessments are critical components of any learning experience, and in our Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), we apply the learning sciences to design problem-solving activities. In our ...late-stage design process, we analyze data from, revise, and iterate on our formative assessments after initial creation and implementation. There is a lack of easy-to-use yet data-driven guidance for instructors to go through these steps systematically to evaluate their online course assessments. Using learner performance data and feedback, we establish a framework to evaluate instructor- and learner-based causes of incorrect responses to computer-graded questions. We use this framework to streamline the process of formative assessment revision to maximize the effectiveness of learning. Course designers and instructors can apply this revision approach to online formative assessments in hybrid and fully online settings across a range of course sizes or platforms.
In a MOOC development process, it is important to analyze learner data after completion of the course as a feedback mechanism for revision in future iterations of the course. The cyclic nature of ...incorporating data analysis into course development aligns with the process of learning engineering. Many course designers and instructors struggle to find an easy method to evaluate formative assessments systematically to inform revision approaches. In this study, we applied a framework for the revision of formative assessments to identify the source, the cause, and a revision strategy for low-performance questions in the quizzes from multiple runs of a MOOC. The revisions led to an improvement in the percentage of learners correctly answering a subset of those impacted questions with significance, while all other percentages had no change of significance. These score improvements were not due to the reuse of the same questions in multiple runs of a MOOC. We concluded that the framework effectively applied to this online course and was impactful in resulting in positive changes. These results encourage others to try the revision process in their courses in the future.
Double-spin asymmetries and absolute cross sections were measured at large Bjorken x (0.25 lte x lte 0.90), in both the deep-inelastic and resonance regions, by scattering longitudinally polarized ...electrons at beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV from a transversely and longitudinally polarized 3He target. In this dedicated experiment, the spin structure function g2 on 3He was determined with precision at large x, and the neutron twist-three matrix element dn2 was measured at ?Q2? of 3.21 and 4.32 GeV2/c2, with an absolute precision of about 10?5. Our results are found to be in agreement with lattice QCD calculations and resolve the disagreement found with previous data at ?Q2?= 5 GeV2/c2. Combining dn2 and a newly extracted twist-four matrix element, fn2, the average neutron color electric and magnetic forces were extracted and found to be of opposite sign and about 60 MeV/fm in magnitude.
We outline the procedures used to establish benchmark physical property data for the Third Industrial Fluid Properties Simulation Challenge. For both challenge problems, this involved measurement of ...new data, including bubble-point pressures of ethanol/HFC-227ea mixtures at 343.13 K, and the viscosity of 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, and 1,2,4-butanetriol at 373
K and 0.1 and 250
MPa. When possible, measurements were compared with published literature data. Recommended values are provided with corresponding uncertainty estimates.
Objective: To describe a regional study seeking to replicate the suggested strong links whereby lifetime and post‐coronary infarction depression are associated with a significant increase in ...mortality and cardiac morbidity, and consider the comparative influence of both depression and anxiety.
Method: We detail relevant international studies and describe both the methodology as well as baseline and 1‐month data from our study.
Results: Over a 3‐year period we recruited 489 subjects admitted to a Sydney cardiac unit with an Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), and assessed by a range of cardiac variables and measures of current and lifetime depression. Ninety‐eight per cent of the sample were assessed one month after baseline recruitment to establish depression rates. Long‐term outcome reviews of mortality and morbidity and hospitalization rates are proceeding. For those subjects who were depressed in the post‐ACS period and, even more so for those who had experienced lifetime depression, distinctly higher scores on anxiety variables (and lifetime caseness for anxiety disorders) were established.
Conclusions: The strong interdependence between anxiety and depression in this sample of patients admitted with an ACS will allow examination of the comparative extent to which expressions of ‘depression’ and ‘anxiety’ contribute to post‐ACS morbidity.
We report the identification of a recurrent 520-kbp 16p12.1 microdeletion significantly associated with childhood developmental delay. The microdeletion was detected in 20/11,873 cases vs. 2/8,540 ...controls (
p
=0.0009, OR=7.2) and replicated in a second series of 22/9,254 cases vs. 6/6,299 controls (
p
=0.028, OR=2.5). Most deletions were inherited with carrier parents likely to manifest neuropsychiatric phenotypes (
p
=0.037, OR=6). Probands were more likely to carry an additional large CNV when compared to matched controls (10/42 cases,
p
=5.7×10
-5
, OR=6.65). Clinical features of cases with two mutations were distinct from and/or more severe than clinical features of patients carrying only the co-occurring mutation. Our data suggest a two-hit model in which the 16p12.1 microdeletion both predisposes to neuropsychiatric phenotypes as a single event and exacerbates neurodevelopmental phenotypes in association with other large deletions or duplications. Analysis of other microdeletions with variable expressivity suggests that this two-hit model may be more generally applicable to neuropsychiatric disease.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Some of the most significant breakthroughs in the biological sciences this century will emerge from the development of next generation sequencing technologies. The ease of availability of DNA ...sequence made possible through these new technologies has given researchers opportunities to study organisms in a manner that was not possible with Sanger sequencing. Scientists will, therefore, need to embrace genomics, as well as develop and nurture the human capacity to sequence genomes and utilise the 'tsunami' of data that emerge from genome sequencing. In response to these challenges, we sequenced the genome of Fusarium circinatum, a fungal pathogen of pine that causes pitch canker, a disease of great concern to the South African forestry industry. The sequencing work was conducted in South Africa, making F. circinatum the first eukaryotic organism for which the complete genome has been sequenced locally. Here we report on the process that was followed to sequence, assemble and perform a preliminary characterisation of the genome. Furthermore, details of the computer annotation and manual curation of this genome are presented. The F. circinatum genome was found to be nearly 44 million bases in size, which is similar to that of four other Fusarium genomes that have been sequenced elsewhere. The genome contains just over 15 000 open reading frames, which is less than that of the related species, Fusarium oxysporum, but more than that for Fusarium verticillioides. Amongst the various putative gene clusters identified in F. circinatum, those encoding the secondary metabolites fumosin and fusarin appeared to harbour evidence of gene translocation. It is anticipated that similar comparisons of other loci will provide insights into the genetic basis for pathogenicity of the pitch canker pathogen. Perhaps more importantly, this project has engaged a relatively large group of scientists including students in a significant genome project that is certain to provide a platform for growth in this important area of research in the future.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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