Individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) frequently report uncomfortable sensations of things not being just right (“not just right experiences”; NJREs) and a need to ritualize until they ...quiet these sensations. However, very little work has been conducted to empirically examine the nature and characteristics of this phenomenon. In this paper, we present two studies that systematically examine NJREs in large undergraduate samples. In Study 1, NJREs were shown to be related to both OCD features and maladaptive domains of perfectionism. In Study 2, NJREs were again significantly related to OCD features. Further, NJREs were shown to have particularly strong relationships with specific OCD symptom clusters (e.g., checking, ordering). Finally, NJREs were significantly more strongly correlated with features of OCD than symptoms from other domains of psychopathology (e.g., social anxiety, trait anxiety, worry, depression). General conclusions are drawn, and future directions are discussed.
Abstract Hypersentimentality to possessions has been proposed to play an important role in the development and maintenance of compulsive hoarding. The current study prospectively examined the ...formation of attachment to a newly acquired object in an OCD sample ( n = 62) to determine whether specific hoarding symptoms moderated the development of attachment to an object over time. Participants rated their level of attachment to a keychain immediately upon receipt (time 1) and one week later (time 2). We hypothesized that individuals with a tendency to hoard and strong beliefs about the value of possessions would exhibit greater attachment to the object over time. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that a person's initial attachment to the object was the best predictor of attachment one week later. Although emotional attachment increased similarly for all participants independent of their hoarding symptoms, specific hoarding-related beliefs and behaviors uniquely predicted initial attachment to the keychain.
Hoarding: a community health problem Frost, Randy O.; Steketee, Gail; Williams, Lauren
Health & social care in the community,
July 2000, Letnik:
8, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Hoarding behaviour has been defined as the accumulation of possessions that are useless and that interfere with the ability to function. Severe hoarding may endanger not only the health and safety of ...the individual, but also their surrounding community. However, little information exists regarding the frequency and seriousness of this problem. This study represents the first attempt to determine the frequency of complaints about hoarding behaviour to responding health departments in one state (Massachusetts) and to explore the nature of these complaints. Eighty‐eight health officers, serving a population of 1.79 million people, responded to a survey of complaints to local boards of health about hoarding behaviour. Sixty‐four percent of the health officers reported at least one hoarding complaint during the five years under study; 471 case complaints were reported. In‐depth information on the nature and circumstances of complaints was collected for 58 cases. Complaints typically involved multiple community agencies and occasionally resulted in significant cost to the community. Only half of the hoarders recognized the lack of sanitation in their home, and fewer than one third of complainants willingly co‐operated to resolve the complaint against them. Hoarding behaviours were judged to seriously jeopardize the health of the individual and those around them. Hoarding behaviour that involved collecting animals was more serious and difficult to deal with than non‐animal hoarding.
Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often report compulsions aimed at reducing feelings of something not being just right or sensations of incompleteness. Research using self-report ...questionnaires has demonstrated a link between not just right experiences (NJREs) and OCD symptoms (Behav. Res. Therapy 41 (2003) 681; Anxiety, 1 (1995) 208). Extending previous work, this paper presents experimental and self-monitoring data on NJREs in an undergraduate sample. NJREs produced distress and urges to change something, but feared consequences were rare. Stronger responses were found for naturally occurring self-monitored NJREs compared to NJREs elicited in the laboratory. Several significant relationships were found between features of NJREs and OC symptoms and constructs theoretically related to OCD (e.g., responsibility, incompleteness), but no significant relationships were found between features of NJREs and non-OCD-related constructs (worry, depressive symptoms, social anxiety). Further consideration of NJREs will be useful in improving our understanding of the phenomenology, neurobiological substrates, and treatment, of OCD.
The current study examined a new measure of squalor associated with hoarding, the Home Environment Index (HEI). Participants (
N
= 793) were recruited from a large database of individuals who sought ...information about hoarding following national media appearances and consented to an internet study. Participants completed measures of hoarding and related psychopathology, including the HEI. The HEI showed good internal consistency and construct validity and reflected a single factor of home squalor (15 items). The HEI correlated positively with measures of hoarding and mood psychopathology. Recommendations for future modifications and further study are provided.
Hoarding by Elderly People Kim, Hyo-Jin; Steketee, Gail; Frost, Randy O.
Health & social work,
08/2001, Letnik:
26, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Although hoarding has been studied in adults, little is known about problems of hoarding by elderly people. This study used a structured telephone interview with elder services providers to ...investigate hoarding behaviors in relation to functional impairment, cognitive deficits, and physical and psychological conditions in 62 elderly clients. Most elderly hoarders were female, unmarried, and lived alone. Extensive clutter was associated with significant impairment, interfering with basic hygiene, and posing a serious physical threat for many elderly clients. Clients were rarely insightful about their collecting and often resisted change, rendering interventions generally ineffective. Never-married status was associated with more severe hoarding and greater impairment and possibly with worse outcomes of intervention efforts. Health and mental health implications of hoarding by elderly people and implications for treatment are discussed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
•This study provides an empirical basis for cutoff scores on the SI-R.•Analyses include data from 1116 participants diagnosed with clinical interviews.•The optimal SI-R total cutoff score is 39.•Age ...differences were found when determining optimal cutoff scores.•Data is provided for selecting evidence-based cutoff scores for different aims.
The Saving Inventory – Revised (SI-R) is the most widely used self-report measure of hoarding symptom severity. The goal of this study is to establish a firm empirical basis for a cutoff score on the SI-R and to examine the functioning of the SI-R as a screening tool and indicator of hoarding symptom severity across the lifespan.
This study used archival data from 1,116 participants diagnosed with a clinical interview in 14 studies conducted by research groups who focus on hoarding. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the Youden's J statistic to determine optimal cutoff scores for classifying participants who would be likely to receive a hoarding diagnosis.
Overall, the discriminant performance of the SI-R Total score and each of the three subscales was high, confirming the status of the SI-R is an excellent screening tool for differentiating hoarding from non-hoarding cases. The optimal SI-R Total cutoff score is 39, although analyses suggested that older adults require a significantly lower cutoff and adults younger than 40 years require a significantly higher cutoff score.
The confidence interval around the optimal cutoff for the SI-R Total score for oldest age group was wide in comparison to those reported for the younger groups, creating more uncertainty around the optimal cutoff score for this group.
This paper provides investigators and clinicians with the data necessary to select evidence-based cutoff scores on the SI-R that optimally suit their relative need for sensitivity and specificity in different age groups.
Compulsive hoarding is a chronic and debilitating condition that has proven difficult to treat. The cognitive behavioral approaches that have otherwise been successful for people suffering from ...obsessive-compulsive disorder do not work very well for hoarding (Abramowitz, Franklin, Schwartz, & Furr, 2003). Many have suggested that this is due to the ego-syntonic nature of the symptoms and the accompanying lack of insight. This paper describes several challenges related to insight that limit the effectiveness of traditional cognitive behavioral approaches for compulsive hoarding. Problems with anosognosia, overvalued ideation, and defensiveness that characterize hoarding are described and suggestions offered for dealing with them.
PDF
