ABSTRACT
Massive stars are crucial to galactic chemical evolution for elements heavier than iron. Their contribution at early times in the evolution of the Universe, however, is unclear due to poorly ...constrained nuclear reaction rates. The competing 17O(α, γ)21Ne and 17O(α, n)20Ne reactions strongly impact weak s-process yields from rotating massive stars at low metallicities. Abundant 16O absorbs neutrons, removing flux from the s-process, and producing 17O. The 17O(α, n)20Ne reaction releases neutrons, allowing continued s-process nucleosynthesis, if the 17O(α, γ)21Ne reaction is sufficiently weak. While published rates are available, they are based on limited indirect experimental data for the relevant temperatures and, more importantly, no uncertainties are provided. The available nuclear physics has been evaluated, and combined with data from a new study of astrophysically relevant 21Ne states using the 20Ne(d, p)21Ne reaction. Constraints are placed on the ratio of the (α, n)/(α, γ) reaction rates with uncertainties on the rates provided for the first time. The new rates favour the (α, n) reaction and suggest that the weak s-process in rotating low-metallicity stars is likely to continue up to barium and, within the computed uncertainties, even to lead.
An interactive activity to teach the hot Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen (HCNO) cycle is proposed. Justification for why the HCNO cycle is important is included via an example of x-ray bursts. The ...activity allows teaching and demonstration of half-life, nuclear isotopes, nuclear reactions, protons and α-particles, and catalytic processes. Whilst the process example is specific to astrophysics it may be used to teach more broadly about catalytic processes. This practical is designed for use with 10-20 participants, with the intention that the exercise will convey nuclear physics principles in a fun and interactive manner.
Compton γ-ray sources have been in operation for over 30 years with new facilities being under construction or proposed. The gamma beam system under implementation at the Extreme Light Infrastructure ...- Nuclear Physics facility in Romania will deliver brilliant γ-ray beams with energies up to 19.5 MeV. Several instruments for measuring the parameters of the γ-ray beam are under development at ELI-NP. One of these instruments based on a High Purity Germanium detector is routinely used for beam energy measurements at other facilities. Here we investigate the use of a High Purity Germanium detector to continuously monitor the intensity of the ELI-NP gamma beam by measuring the inelastic scattering of photons. This method relies on both experimental and simulated data and it has been successfully tested during a recent experiment at the High Intensity γ-ray Source facility.
Here, the Li7(γ,t)He4 ground state cross section was measured for the first time using monoenergetic γ rays with energies between 4.4 and 10 MeV at the High Intensity Gamma-ray Source. The reaction ...is important for the primordial Li problem and for testing our understanding of the mirror α -capture reactions H 3(α,γ)Li7 and He3(α,γ)Be7 . Although over the last 30 years most measurements of the H 3(α,γ)Li7 reaction have concentrated in an energy range below Eγ=3.65 MeV, measurements at higher energies could potentially restrict the extrapolation to astrophysically important energies. The experimental arrangement for measuring the Li7(γ,t)He4 reaction included a large-area silicon detector array and several beam characterization instruments. The experimental astrophysical S factor of H 3(α,γ) calculated from the present data was fitted using the R -matrix formalism. The results are in disagreement with previous experimental measurements in the same energy range but the extrapolated S factor agrees with the potential model calculation and lower energy experimental data.
Compton γ-ray sources have been used for over 30 years with new facilities being under construction or proposed. The gamma beam system under implementation at the Extreme Light Infrastructure - ...Nuclear Physics facility in Romania will deliver brilliant γ-ray beams with energies up to 19.5 MeV. Several instruments for measuring the parameters of the γ-ray beam are under development at ELI-NP. One of these instruments based on a High Purity Germanium detector is typically used for beam energy measurements at other facilities. Here we investigate the use of a High Purity Germanium detector to continuously monitor the intensity of the ELI-NP gamma beam by measuring the inelastic scattering of photons. This technique relies on both experimental and simulated data and it has been successfully tested during a recent experiment at the High Intensity γ-ray Source facility.
Massive stars are crucial to galactic chemical evolution for elements heavier
than iron. Their contribution at early times in the evolution of the Universe,
however, is unclear due to poorly ...constrained nuclear reaction rates. The
competing $^{17}$O($\alpha,\gamma$)$^{21}$Ne and $^{17}$O($\alpha,n$)$^{20}$Ne
reactions strongly impact weak s-process yields from rotating massive stars at
low metallicities. Abundant $^{16}$O absorbs neutrons, removing flux from the
s-process, and producing $^{17}$O. The $^{17}$O($\alpha,n$)$^{20}$Ne reaction
releases neutrons, allowing continued s-process nucleosynthesis, if the
$^{17}$O($\alpha,\gamma$)$^{21}$Ne reaction is sufficiently weak. While
published rates are available, they are based on limited indirect experimental
data for the relevant temperatures and, more importantly, no uncertainties are
provided. The available nuclear physics has been evaluated, and combined with
data from a new study of astrophysically relevant $^{21}$Ne states using the
$^{20}$Ne($d,p$)$^{21}$Ne reaction. Constraints are placed on the ratio of the
($\alpha,n$)/($\alpha,\gamma$) reaction rates with uncertainties on the rates
provided for the first time. The new rates favour the ($\alpha,n$) reaction and
suggest that the weak s-process in rotating low-metallicity stars is likely to
continue up to barium and, within the computed uncertainties, even to lead.
Massive stars are crucial to galactic chemical evolution for elements heavier than iron. Their contribution at early times in the evolution of the Universe, however, is unclear due to poorly ...constrained nuclear reaction rates. The competing \(^{17}\)O(\(\alpha,\gamma\))\(^{21}\)Ne and \(^{17}\)O(\(\alpha,n\))\(^{20}\)Ne reactions strongly impact weak s-process yields from rotating massive stars at low metallicities. Abundant \(^{16}\)O absorbs neutrons, removing flux from the s-process, and producing \(^{17}\)O. The \(^{17}\)O(\(\alpha,n\))\(^{20}\)Ne reaction releases neutrons, allowing continued s-process nucleosynthesis, if the \(^{17}\)O(\(\alpha,\gamma\))\(^{21}\)Ne reaction is sufficiently weak. While published rates are available, they are based on limited indirect experimental data for the relevant temperatures and, more importantly, no uncertainties are provided. The available nuclear physics has been evaluated, and combined with data from a new study of astrophysically relevant \(^{21}\)Ne states using the \(^{20}\)Ne(\(d,p\))\(^{21}\)Ne reaction. Constraints are placed on the ratio of the (\(\alpha,n\))/(\(\alpha,\gamma\)) reaction rates with uncertainties on the rates provided for the first time. The new rates favour the (\(\alpha,n\)) reaction and suggest that the weak s-process in rotating low-metallicity stars is likely to continue up to barium and, within the computed uncertainties, even to lead.
Reviews of Books Drake, H. A.; Contreni, John J.; Reed, Clyde G. ...
The International History Review,
20/6/1/, Letnik:
29, Številka:
2
Book Review
Recenzirano
FERGUS MILLAR. A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408-450). Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 2006. Pp. xxvi, 279. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by H.A. ...Drake
ERIC J. GOLDBERG. Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817-876. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 2006. Pp. xxi, 388. $47.50 (US). Reviewed by John J. Contreni
AVNER GREIF. Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy: Lessons from Medieval Trade. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Pp. xix, 503. $34.99 (US), paper. Reviewed by Clyde G. Reed
MARCEL DORIGNY and BERNARD GAINOT, with cartographer FABRICE LE GOFF. Atlas des Esclavages: Traites, sociétés coloniales, abolitions de l'Antiquité à nos jours. Paris: Éditions Autrement, 2006. Pp. 79. €15.00, paper. Reviewed by Jeremy Black
NICHOLAS WARNER. The True Description of Cairo, A Sixteenth-Century Venetian View. I. New York, NY: The Arcadian Library in assoc. with Oxford University Press, 2006. Pp. 216; II. Pp. 237; III. Fold-out of the 2x1 metre view. $425.00 (US). Reviewed by Deborah Howard
G. W. BERNARD. The King's Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2005. Pp. x, 736. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by Alec Ryrie
TROY O. BICKHAM. Savages within the Empire: Representations of American Indians in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Oxford and New York, NY: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 2006. Pp. viii, 301. $90.00 (US); TIMFULFORD. Romantic Indians: Native Americans, British Literature, and Transatlantic Culture, 1756-1830. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2006. Pp. x, 318. $90.00 (US). Reviewed by Andrew Cayton
ROBERT D. CREWS. For Prophet and Tsar: Islam and Empire in Russia and Central Asia. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2006. Pp. viii, 463. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Daniel Brower
BRIAN W. RICHARDSON. Longitude and Empire: How Captain Cook's Voyages Changed the World. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 2006. Pp. xvi, 240. $29.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Alan Frost
COLIN DYER. The French Explorers and the Aboriginal Australians, 1772-1839. St Lucia, Australia: University of Queensland Press, 2005; dist. Pordand, OR: ISBS. Pp. xi, 240. $32.95 (AUS), paper. Reviewed by David Andrew Roberts
ROBERT J. ALLISON. Stephen Decatur: American Naval Hero, 1779-1820. Amherst and Boston, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2005. Pp. viii, 253. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by John B. Hattendorf
MARK L. HAAS. The Ideological Origins of Great Power Politics, 1789-1889. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 2005. Pp. x, 232. $39.95 (US); DARYL G. PRESS. Calculating Credibility: How Leaders Assess Military Threats. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 2005. Pp. ix, 218. $32.50 (US). Reviewed by Norrin M. Ripsman
DAVID ARNOLD. The Tropics and the Traveling Gaze: India, Landscape, and Science, 1800-1856. Seattle, WA and London: University of Washington Press, 2006. Pp. xiv, 298. $50.00 (US). Reviewed by Eugene F. Irschick
PATTY O'BRIEN. The Pacific Muse: Exotic Femininity and the Colonial Pacific. Seattle, WA and London: University of Washington Press, 2006. Pp. x, 347. $50.00 (US). Reviewed by Max Quanchi
JOÃO PEDRO MARQUES. The Sounds of Silence: Nineteenth-Century Portugal and the Abolition of the Slave Trade, trans. Richard Wall. New York, NY and Oxford: Berghahn, 2006. Pp. xix, 282. $80.00 (US). Reviewed by A.J.R. Russell-Wood
DONALD R. HICKEY. Don't Give Up the Ship! Myths of the War of 1812. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2006; dist: Toronto, ON: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xxix, 430. $50.75 (CDN). Reviewed by Reginald C. Stuart
MICHEL GOBAT. Confronting the American Dream: Nicaragua under US Imperial Rule. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2005. Pp. xiii, 373. $23.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Nancy Mitchell
STEPHEN A. TOTH. Beyond Papillon: The French Overseas Penal Colonies, 1854- 1952. Lincoln, NE and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2006. Pp. xvii, 212. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Ruth Ginio
DANIEL ZIBLATT. Structuring the State: The Formation of Italy and Germany and the Puzzle of Federalism. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006. Pp. xiii, 220. $39.50 (US). Reviewed by Andr´ Bächtiger
TIBOR FRANK. Picturing Austria-Hungary: The British Perception of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1865-1870. Boulder, CO: Social Science Monographs, 2005, and Wayne, NJ: Center for Hungarian Studies; dist. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Pp. xvi, 444. $50.00 (US). Reviewed by F.R. Bridge
GIAN ENRICO RUSCONI. Deutschland-Italien, Italien-Deutschland: Geschichte einer schwierigen Beziehung von Bismarck bis zu Berlusconi. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2006. Pp. xii, 410. €39.90. Reviewed by Alan Cassels
PAUL T. MCCARTNEY. Power and Progress: American National Identity, the War of i8g8, and the Rise of American Imperialism. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2006; dist. Toronto, ON: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. x, 373. $84.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Frank Ninkovich
GERGELY ROMSICS. Myth and Remembrance: The Dissolution of the Habsburg Empire in the Memoir Literature of the Austro-Hungarian Political Elite, trans. Thomas J. DeKornfeld and Helen D. Hiltabidle. Boulder, CO: Social Science Monographs, 2006, and Wayne, NJ: Center for Hungarian Studies; dist. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Pp. x, 278. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by Lothar Höbelt
TAMARA LOOS. Subject Siam: Family, Law, and Colonial Modernity in Thailand. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 2006. Pp. x, 212. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Maurizio Peleggi
JAY WINTER. Dreams of Peace and Freedom: Utopian Moments in the Twentieth Century. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2006. Pp. x, 261. $28.00 (US). Reviewed by Donald Reid
PETER J. HEMPENSTALL and PAULA TANAKA MOCHIDA. The Lost Man: Wilhelm Solf in German History. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005. Pp. xii, 279. €68.00, paper. Reviewed by Andrew J. Crozier
SYLVIA KEDOURIE, ed. Elie Kedourie's Approaches to History and Political Theory: 'The Thoughts and Actions of Living Men'. London and New York, NY: Routledge, 2006. Pp. viii, 182. £65.00. Reviewed by Roger Adelson
TIM COOK. Clio's Warriors: Canadian Historians and the Writing of the World Wars. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 2006. Pp. ix, 326. $29.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Terry Copp
KEITH JEFFERY. Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: A Political Soldier. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2006. Pp. 325. $105.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Keith Neilson
CINDY SKACH. Borrowing Constitutional Designs: Constitutional Law in Weimar Germany and the French Fifth Republic. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005. Pp. xiii, 151. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by D. B. Goldey
NORMAN E. SAUL. Friends or Foes? The United States and Soviet Russia, 1921-1941. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2006. Pp. xviii, 434. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by Betty Miller Unterberger
JAMIE H. COCKFIELD, ed. Black Lebeda: The Russian Famine Diary of ARA Kazan District Supervisor J. Rives Childs, 1921-1923. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2006. Pp. xvii, 199. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by David W. McFadden
DAVID P. BILLINGTON, JR. Lothian: Philip Kerr and the Quest for World Order. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006. Pp. x, 252. $129.95 (US). Reviewed by George Egerton
PETER NEVILLE. Hitler and Appeasement: The British Attempt to Prevent the Second World War. London and New York, NY: Hambledon Continuum, 2006. Pp. xiii, 240. £19.99. Reviewed by Neville Thompson
MARK A. STOLER. Allies in War: Britain and America against the Axis Powers, 1940-1945. London and New York, NY: Hodder Arnold, 2005. Pp. xxv, 292. £25.00; DANIEL C. WILLIAMSON. Separate Agendas: Churchill, Eisenhower, and Anglo-American Relations, 1953-1955. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006. Pp. v, 144. $70.00 (US). Reviewed by John Charmley
ROBERT COLE. Propaganda, Censorship, and Irish Neutrality in the Second World War. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006; dist. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Pp. x, 196. $85.00 (US). Reviewed by Trevor C. Salmon
WAYNE H. BOWEN. Spain during World War II. Columbia, MO and London: University of Missouri Press, 2006. Pp. x, 279. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Michael Seidman
TERRY COPP. Cinderella Army: The Canadians in Northwest Europe, 1944-1945. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 2006. Pp. xi, 407. $45.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Ian F. W. Beckett
JAMES A. WOOD. We Move Only Forward: Canada, the United States, and the First Special Service Force 1942-1944. St Catharines, ON: Vanwell Publishing, 2006. Pp. 238. $29.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Desmond Morton
FRANK BIESS. Homecomings: Returning POWs and the Legacies of Defeat in Postwar Germany. Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006. Pp. xiii, 367. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Günter Bischof
HORST BOOG, GERHARD KREBS, and DETLEF VOGEL. Germany and the Second World War: VII: The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia, 1943-1944/5, trans. Derry Cook-Radmore, Francisca Garvie, Ewald Osers, Barry Smerin, and Barbara Wilson. New York, NY: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 2006. Pp. xxxiv, 892. $250.00 (US). Reviewed by Lawrence D. Stokes
EMANUELE BERNARDI. La riforma agraria in Italia e gli Stati Uniti: Guerra fredda, Piano Marshall e interventi per il Mezzogiorno negli anni del centrismo degasperiano. Bologna: II Mulino, 2006. Pp. 397. €28.00, paper; ANDREA BONOLDI and ANDREA LEONARDI, eds. La rinascita economica dell'Europa: Il piano Marshall e l'area alpina. Milan: Franco Angeli, 2006. Pp. 243. €21.00. Reviewed by D. W. Ellwood
ELIZABETH EDWARDS SPALDING. The First Cold Warrior: Harry Truman, Containment, and the Remaking of Liberal Internationalism. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2006. Pp. ix, 323. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by M
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