Magnetically arrested disks (MADs) appear when accretion flows are supplied with a sufficient amount of magnetic flux. In this work, we use results of magnetohydrodynamic simulations to set the ...configuration of the magnetic field and investigate the dynamics and radiative properties of the resulting accretion flow (i.e., without that of the jet) of MADs. The method developed here is applied to both the MAD and the standard and normal evolution (SANE) accretion flow with or without large-scale magnetic fields. For the radiative processes, we include synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, and Compton scattering. We find that, in general, accretion flows of MADs have similar spectra to those of the SANE, which complicates the task of distinguishing MADs from SANEs. At the same accretion rates, MADs are systematically brighter than SANEs. However, the critical accretion rate above which the hot solution ceases to exist is lower in MADs. Consequently, the maximum luminosity an MAD can reach is comparable to but slightly lower than that of SANE, and the dependence on the magnetic flux is weak. We then discuss the implications of our results for active galactic nuclei and accreting black hole binaries.
The synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of the indigo-bridged dilanthanide complexes {(η
-Cp*)
Ln}
(μ-ind)
with Ln = Gd or Dy and n = 0, 1 or 2 are described. The gadolinium complexes with n ...= 0 and 2 show typically weak exchange coupling, whereas the complex bridged by the radical ind
ligand shows an unusually large coupling constant of J = -11 cm
(-2J formalism). The dysprosium complexes with n = 0 and 1 are single-molecule magnets in zero applied field, whereas the complex with n = 2 does not show slow magnetic relaxation.
Vascular restenosis after balloon dilation is largely caused by the over‐proliferation of smooth muscle cells, which is triggered and exacerbated by local excessive inflammation and oxidative stress. ...The excessive inflammatory and oxidative stress cause tissue/cell damage, hamper endothelial functions, and worsen intimal hyperplasia and restenosis. A high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction is regarded as the main culprit. Therefore, efficiently inhibiting ROS over‐production or weightily depleting them is of great significance. Herein, a “ROS‐responsive/scavenging prodrug” is introduced into balloon coating for the treatment of vascular restenosis. A reversible phenylboronic ester‐bearing caffeic acid (CA) macromolecular prodrug (PBC) is designed for the controlled and on‐demand dual‐drug release triggered by the local high ROS level; the released CA and 4‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol exhibit efficient antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects by scavenging ROS, thereby regulating vascular microenvironment and protecting endothelium functions. To accelerate endothelium regeneration, pro‐endothelial microRNA‐126 is further introduced. The ROS‐responsive/scavenging prodrug/miRNA balloon coating efficiently prevents intimal hyperplasia, alleviates local inflammation, and improves endothelium healing in a rat abdominal aorta restenosis model, which may provide applicative perspectives for next‐generation drug‐coated balloons and other cardiovascular diseases treatment.
A reversible phenylboronic ester‐bearing caffeic acid (CA) macromolecular prodrug (PBC) is designed for the controlled and on‐demand dual‐antioxidant release (CA and 4‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA)) triggered by the local high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, thereby exhibiting antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects; the pro‐endothelial microRNA‐126 is introduced to further accelerate endothelialization. This ROS‐responsive/scavenging prodrug/miRNA balloon coating efficiently inhibits long‐term vascular restenosis.
Hyperentanglement is a promising resource in quantum information processing with its high capacity character, defined as the entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom （DOFs） of a quantum system, ...such as polarization, spatial-mode, orbit-angular-momentum, time-bin and frequency DOFs of photons. Recently, hyperentanglement attracts much attention as all the multiple DOFs can be used to carry infor- mation in quantum information processing fully. In this review, we present an overview of the progress achieved so far in the field of hyperentanglement in photon systems and some of its important applica- tions in quantum information processing, including hyperentanglement generation, complete hyperentangled-Bell-state analysis, hyperentanglement concentration, and hyperentanglement purifica- tion for high-capacity long-distance quantum communication. Also, a scheme for hyper-controlled-not gate is introduced for hyperparallel photonic quantum computation, which can perform two controlled-not gate operations on both the polarization and spatial-mode DOFs and depress the resources consumed and the photonic dissipation.
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a triterpenoid that exists widely in fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs. OA is included in some dietary supplements and is used as a complementary and alternative medicine ...(CAM) in China, India, Asia, the USA and European countries. OA is effective in protecting against various hepatotoxicants, and one of the protective mechanisms is reprogramming the liver to activate the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). OA derivatives, such as CDDO‐Im and CDDO‐Me, are even more potent Nrf2 activators. OA has recently been shown to also activate the Takeda G‐protein‐coupled receptor (TGR5). However, whereas a low dose of OA is hepatoprotective, higher doses and long‐term use of OA can produce liver injury, characterized by cholestasis. This paradoxical hepatotoxic effect occurs not only for OA, but also for other OA‐type triterpenoids. Dose and length of time of OA exposure differentiate the ability of OA to produce hepatoprotection vs hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity produced by herbs is increasingly recognized and is of global concern. Given the appealing nature of OA in dietary supplements and its use as an alternative medicine around the world, as well as the development of OA derivatives (CDDO‐Im and CDDO‐Me) as therapeutics, it is important to understand not only that they program the liver to protect against hepatotoxic chemicals, but also how they produce hepatotoxicity.
AGN feedback is now widely believed to play a crucial role in the co-evolution between the central black hole and its host galaxy. Two feedback modes have been identified, namely the radiative and ...kinetic modes, which correspond to the luminous AGNs and low-luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs), respectively. In this paper, we investigate the radiative heating in the kinetic mode. This process is potentially important because (1) the radiation power of LLAGNs is higher than the jet power over a wide parameter range, (2) the spectral energy distribution of LLAGNs is such that the radiative heating is more effective compared to that of luminous AGNs with the same luminosity, and (3) most of the time in the lifecycle of an AGN is spent in the LLAGNs phase. In this paper, adopting the characteristic broadband spectral energy distributions of LLAGNs, we calculate the value of "Compton temperature" ( ), which determines the radiative heating by Compton scattering. We find that , depending on the spectrum of individual LLAGNs and at which distance from the black hole we evaluate the heating. We also compare this heating process with other radiative heating and cooling processes such as photoionization/recombination. Our result can be used for an accurate calculation of the radiative heating in the study of AGN feedback.
To develop a new efficient catalyst for contaminant removal and sustainable environment, series Z-scheme WO3/MIL-100(Fe) (MxWy) composites were easily prepared by ball-milling strategy, which were ...affirmed by various characterization techniques. All the as-prepared MxWy composites displayed superior photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and photo-Fenton bisphenol A(BPA) degradation performances under LED visible light, in which the M80W120 could accomplish 100% Cr(VI) reduction via photocatalysis treatment within 60 min and 100% BPA degradation with the aid of photo-Fenton process in 20 min. The influences of different initial pH, co-existing foreign ions, low weight organic molecules and H2O2 dosage on photocatalytic/photo-Fenton performances were clarified. Moreover, M80W120 displayed outstanding stability and reusability during five successive cycling experiments on Cr(VI) sequestration and BPA degradation, respectively. Also, the possible degradation pathway of BPA degradation over M80W120 was clarified. Finally, a Z-scheme mechanism was put forward, which was further confirmed by active species capture, photo-deposition of PbO2 along with electron spin-resonance spectroscopy determination. The combination of MIL-100(Fe) and WO3 was confirmed to be an effective strategy for pollutant removal and cleaner production.
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•The WO3/MIL-100(Fe) (MxWy) composites were facilely fabricated by ball-milling.•M80W120 photocatalyst displayed enhanced Cr(VI) sequestration under visible light.•M80W120 exhibited excellent photo-Fenton degradation activity toward bisphenol A.•The bisphenol A degradation pathway during the photo-Fenton process was proposed.•M80W120 displayed good recyclability and reusability.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play essential roles in maintaining gut health and are associated with IBD. This study is to elucidate the effect of angiogenin (ANG), an intestine-secreted AMP, on gut ...microbiota and its relevance with IBD.
The effect of ANG on microbiota and its contribution to colitis were evaluated in different colitis models with co-housing and faecal microbiota transplantation. ANG-regulated bacteria were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing and their functions in colitis were analysed by bacterial colonisation. The species-specific antimicrobial activity of ANG and its underlying mechanism were further investigated with microbiological and biochemical methods. ANG level and the key bacteria were characterised in IBD faecal samples.
ANG regulated microbiota composition and inhibited intestinal inflammation. Specifically,
deficiency in mice led to a decrease in the protective gut commensal strains of Lachnospiraceae but an increase in the colitogenic strains of α-Proteobacteria. Direct binding of ANG to α-Proteobacteria resulted in lethal disruption of bacterial membrane integrity, and consequently promoted the growth of Lachnospiraceae, which otherwise was antagonised by α-Proteobacteria. Oral administration of ANG1 reversed the dysbiosis and attenuated the severity of colitis in
-deficient mice. The correlation among ANG, the identified bacteria and IBD status was established in patients.
These findings demonstrate a novel role of ANG in shaping gut microbe composition and thus maintaining gut health, suggesting that the ANG-microbiota axis could be developed as a potential preventive and/or therapeutic approach for dysbiosis-related gut diseases.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent central nervous system (CNS) degenerative disease. Oxidative stress is one of key contributors to PD. Nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 ...(Nrf2) is considered to be a master regulator of many genes involved in anti‐oxidant stress to attenuate cell death. Therefore, activation of Nrf2 signalling provides an effective avenue to treat PD. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenolic contained in fruits and nuts, possesses amounts of pharmacological activities, such as anti‐oxidant stress and anti‐inflammation. Recent studies have confirmed EA could be used as a neuroprotective agent in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, mice subcutaneous injection of rotenone (ROT)‐induced DA neuronal damage was performed to investigate EA‐mediated neuroprotection. In addition, adult Nrf2 knockout mice and different cell cultures including MN9D‐enciched, MN9D‐BV‐2 and MN9D‐C6 cell co‐cultures were applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results demonstrated EA conferred neuroprotection against ROT‐induced DA neurotoxicity. Activation of Nrf2 signalling was involved in EA‐mediated DA neuroprotection, as evidenced by the following observations. First, EA activated Nrf2 signalling in ROT‐induced DA neuronal damage. Second, EA generated neuroprotection with the presence of astroglia and silence of Nrf2 in astroglia abolished EA‐mediated neuroprotection. Third, EA failed to produce DA neuroprotection in Nrf2 knockout mice. In conclusion, this study identified EA protected against DA neuronal loss via an Nrf2‐dependent manner.
We construct rogue wave solutions of an extended (3 + 1)‐dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the Jacobian elliptic function background. The modulational stability of the plane wave ...background is analyzed. We derive the periodic wave solutions and non‐periodic wave solutions of the Lax spectral problem. Making use of the non‐periodic solutions, we construct rogue waves on the cnoidal background via one‐ and two‐fold Darboux transformation. By using one‐fold Darboux transformation, rogue waves on the dnoidal background are also proposed.
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